Ecological and biological evaluation of varietal resources Paeonia L . in Ukraine

The present state of the trends of the use of herbaceous species of Paeonia L. was studied and their prospects for greening the Podillya area were determined. The cultivars and hybrids of peony culture are investigated, entered in the State Register of Ukraine and analyzed the dynamics of their creation over the years. The analysis of researches and publications of cultivars of milky-flowered breeding breeding in our country was carried out. The decorative properties of the herbaceous peony varieties (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) Were analyzed and the characteristics of the varieties represented by the originator of the varieties represented by all indicators were studied. According to the results of the research, Paeonia L. varieties, which are entered in the State Register on a set of indicators that determine their decorative and economic and biological qualities, are recommended as objects for the enrichment of the plant variety for planting the Ukraine. The analysis of species and grade composition of Paeonia L.


Introduction
An enrichment and renewal of the range of ornamental plants is relevant to any country in the world, including Ukraine.Introduction of a wide production practice of new promising varieties, selected as a result of many years of research, remains one of the main objectives of breeding.The modern direction in landscaping is the study and introduction of new flower and ornamental plants with a sufficient raw material base (Bessonova, 2010).Promising in this respect are plants of peonies, in particular decorative species, which have long been used in traditional medicine, due to healing properties.The peonies occupy a leading place among perennials, which are capable of overeating in the open ground.High decorative, durability and the possibility of wide use in ornamental horticulture, ecological plasticity of not only species but also of most varieties makes it possible to grow these plants in different climatic zones of Ukraine (Vdovenko, Pantsyreva, Palamarсhuk, & Lytvyniuk, 2018;Talibov, 2008).
Creating new varieties and their systematics will significantly expand the use of peony culture in landscaping and enrich the cultivated flora of the Podillya region and Ukraine as a whole (Bruks, 2009).
For the first time, breeding work for the discovery of new varieties was conducted in China in the seventeenth century, but special attention was paid to the selection of peonies in Japan, where the first "Japanese" group was withdrawn.From the beginning of the nineteenth century, a turbulent history of peony breeding begins.The pion is especially popular among French and English breeders.After the First World War, the breeding of the peonus moved to the United States, along with interspecific hybridization (Mazur, 2018).
The most common in the world of ornamental horticulture is Paeonia lactiflora Pall (Milk Quince Peony) -these are perennial grasses of the family belonging to the family of peony (Paeoniaceae).In the world there are about 5000 varieties (Mazur, 2018;Pantsyreva, 2016a;Markovskyi, 2002).
Both white and red forms are Paeonia lactiflora Pall.grown in the gardens of China since 536 years.Here also appear the first varieties, because the breeding and cultivation of the peon was considered a godly thing.To the outstanding scientists of the breeders of the world scale are N. Lemon, J. Calot, F. Crousse, V. Lemoine, Ch.Verdier, A. Dessert, A. Miellez.Until now, such varieties have not lost their popularity: 'Festiva Maxima', 'Edulis Superba', 'Philomele', 'Mons.Jules Elie', 'Felix Crousse', 'Albatre', 'Le Cygne', 'Mont Blanc', 'Sarah Bernhard', 'Solange' and others that have been ISSN 2412-1908; http://journal.asu.ru/biol/introduced in different countries of the world, including they are valuable components of the collection fund of the National Botanic Garden of them M. M. Grishka of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS) (Mazur & Pantsyreva, 2017;Pantsyreva, 2016b).
The withdrawal of new varieties of peonies was carried out within the same species -P.lactiflora until the XX century.In the years 1880-1890, for the first time, attempts were made to obtain interspecific hybrids in Europe.The French breeder V. Lemoine has successfully crossed two species -P.lactiflora and P. witmanniana Hartw.At the same time in Germany G. Arends received hybrids crossing P. peregrina Mill.and P. witmanniana Hartw, and the English breeder P. Barr crossed P. officinalis L. and P. arietina Anderson.An important contribution to the interspecific hybridization of the peony was made by American breeders M. Glasscok, M. Auten, W. Mains, W. Bockstoce, W. Krekler, M. Freeborn and especially Professor A. Saunders (Sydoruk, 2007;Mazur, Mazur, Pantsyreva, & Alekseev, 2018).
The formation and development of breeding research in the NBS is associated with academician N.N.Grishko, since the assortment of floral and ornamental plants at that time was very poor.Unique collections of flower and ornamental plants collected in the department of floriculture from various botanical and geographical regions of the world have become the basis for the creation of new varieties and hybrids (Pantsyreva, 2017;Mazur, Didur, Pantsyreva, & Telekalo, 2018).
In Ukraine, the breeding of the pion was begun in the 50's of the last century by the scientists of the florist A.A. Sosnowiec and I.S. Krasnov.In Ukraine, a large selection work is conducted by the Kiev Botanical Garden.Grishka Scientist-breeder V.F.Gorobets created many varieties: Khokhloma, Irokes, Chervonyy Oksamyt, Chervoni Vitryla, Ophelia, Uvilei Kyiva, Perlova Rosyp, Skarbnutsia and many others that are the basis for folk selection (Laptiev, 2001;Vdovenko, Pantsyreva, Palamarсhuk, & Lytvyniuk, 2018).
The use of interspecific hybridization allowed the formation of varieties with very early flowering dates and varied coloration (red, coral, cherry, lavender).Depending on the use of peonies are divided into park, cutting, universal.In the family of the Pioneer families there is only one species of Peony, in which there are three groups -tree-like, herbaceous and Ito-pions, representing the hybrid of the first and others.Tree peonies are mostly grown in the East.Herbaceous peonies are widespread in the Mediterranean, Asia, Europe, North America.The high frost resistance of these plants makes it possible to grow them practically throughout the territory of Ukraine.In nature, grassy peonies grow on any open sunshine ground -in the forest lawns, in the steppes, on meadows and mountain slopes.They are not only where there is too much moisture (Sowling, 1994;Sakhatska, 2012, Vdovenko, Prokopchuk, Palamarchuk, & Pantsyreva, 2018).

Results
It has been established that in the State Register of Varieties Paeonia L. breeding work on the creation of new varieties of pionne in Ukraine is still insufficient.Numerical composition of the species Paeonia L. in Ukraine is, today, 42 varieties and hybrids, (Figure 1).Most varieties were created at the expense of the hybrid fund on the basis of varieties P. lactiflora, as well as the starting material for the breeding process served as varieties P. lactiflora and P. officinalis   The following are included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine varieties of pions: Yasochka, Uvilei Kieva, Chumatskyy Shlyach, Chervona Veza, Champion, Charivnyk, Chaklunka, Chervoni vitryla, Chervonyi oksamyt, Chochloma, Favorit, Svitlana, Svitoch, Scarbnytsia, Pysanka Kolomyi, Ofeliya, Metelyk, Malynova Varta, Mriya, Lichtaryc, Lybid, Kobzar, Koryfei, Кvazimodо, Irocez, Zemchuzna rozsyp, Ducat, Gercules, Vesilna, Benefis, Beregynya, Antey, Vesnyane defile, Svitancova Poema, Zoryana, Cheburachka, Cocetca, Geroyam nebesnoi sotni, Travnevi rosy, Blondyn, Chornomor, Svitlyachok (Table 1) (Horobets, 2017).The main areas of use of varieties and hybrids Paeonia L. are decorative (planting, cutting) and medicinal.The plant is cultivated, as a rule, in gardens and orchards as decorative, and in folk medicine is used in addition to flowers and rhizome of peonies (Pantsyreva, 2018).Growth, like all other processes in a plant, is a function of time, which is outwardly expressed in periodic and rhythmic fluctuations of its intensity and can be expressed by a mathematically positive magnitude.
Natural features of the species Paeonia lactiflora Pall, plasticity to change their vital form, high quality by a combination of features that determine their extraordinary decorative characterizes these varieties as a source for enriching the range of ornamental cultures in Ukraine (Table 2).
for researches were varieties and hybrids of Paeonia L., entered in the register of plant varieties in Ukraine and recommended for distribution.The research was conducted during 2016-2018 on the basis of the expositional area of the Botanical Garden «Podillya» of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University.Soil-climatic conditions of the study zone are favorable for the cultivation of the investigated species Paeonia L.

ISSN 2412 -
1908; http://journal.asu.ru/biol/According to the results of the research, the main morphometric indices (height of plants, diameter and color of the flower, terms of flowering) of the decorative-valuable varieties of Paeonia L. are given (Figure 2).

Fig. 2 .
Fig. 2. Height of plants of the peonies, entered into the state registry of Ukraine, cm

Fig. 3 .
Fig.3.Flower diameter of the peonies, entered into the state registry of Ukraine, cm Growth, like all other processes in a plant, is a function of time, which is outwardly expressed in periodic and rhythmic fluctuations of its intensity and can be expressed by a mathematically positive magnitude.

Table 1 .
Varieties of Paeonia L., entered in the State Register of Plant Varieties, suitable for distribution in Ukraine in

Table 2 .
Decorative value of varieties Paeonia L.