chemistry of plant raw material

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE TERPENES AND THEIR HETEROFUNCTIONAL DERIVATIVES: NATURAL SOURCES, PROPERTIES, DETERMINATION AND APPLICATION PROSPECTS

Olga Igorevna Lavrukhina — 2025-03-16

Terpenes and terpenoids (their derivatives including heteroatoms in structure) belong to the largest and diversified class of natural compounds, the vast majority of which occurs in higher plants. They are responsible for the biological activity of essential oils. The latter have found wide application in medicine, agriculture and the production of perfumes and cosmetics. Interest about the structure and properties of the essential oils components is growing because of their application perspective in the sight of new information on biological activity. This review summarizes the data on the main classes of terpenes, their structure, properties and applications, natural sources, extraction, methods of identification and determination of its content in plant raw materials, biological samples, and food products. Up-to-date systematized information in this area allows us to develop more effective ways of their synthesis and further application in agriculture and food industries. Encapsulation is used to increase the stability and solubility in water of terpene-based preparations. Nanoemulsions are one of the most promising encapsulated forms of terpenes. Nanoemulsification makes it possible to expand the terpenes and their derivatives application scope in food storage and in the production of veterinary drugs and modern biopesticides.

ULTRASONIC EXTRACTION OF PIGMENTS FROM VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS. REVIEW

Aleksandr Grigorievich Pogorelov — 2025-03-03

This review summarizes and analyzes methods for isolating plant pigments (anthocyanins, betalains, carotenoids) by ultrasonic extraction from secondary plant resources in the food industry. Extracting dyes from plant waste makes it possible to simultaneously improve the depth of processing of raw materials, reduce the burden on the environment and increase the production volumes of natural dyes. In addition, plant pigments are low-molecular substances that have the functions of physiologically active compounds. The review presents materials from the Scopus (scopus.com), Google Scholar (scholar.google.ru) and RSCI (elibrary.ru) databases, published mainly for the period 2019-2023. Articles devoted to the extraction of coloring substances from waste processing of food plant raw materials and the advantages of ultrasonic extraction were analyzed. 134 articles were analyzed, of which 41% of publications were published in the last two years.
The advantages of ultrasonic extraction are shown, including the ability to eliminate the use or significantly reduce the volume of organic solvents, allowing this method to be defined as a “green” technology. The emphasis is on secondary raw materials, common in our country, which accumulate after processing cranberries, onions, carrots, and beets. Works devoted to the study of the influence of ultrasound on the extraction of plant pigments confirm the relevance of the research topic. A number of promising areas include: improvement of the ultrasonic extraction method, including optimization of processing methods and modes, as well as the search for effective combinations of ultrasound with other gentle extraction methods.

SYNERGY OF TRADITIONAL AND MODERN APPROACHES TO THE SEARCH AND STUDY OF PROMISING NATURAL-ORIGIN DRUG CANDIDATES (HISTORY, CHALLENGES, SOLUTIONS)

Vladimir Gennadievich Luzhanin — 2025-02-19

Until the beginning of the 21st century researchers spent decades searching for new natural sources of medicines using so-called 'traditional classical' chemical, physical-chemical, in vitro and in vivo methods. The use of this method has allowed the discovery of numerous plants that have become a source of valuable medicinal preparations. However, all of them require significant financial and time investments. Therefore, scientists faced the challenge of rationalizing the process of searching for promising candidates, reducing the time and financial costs of preclinical and clinical research phases, and increasing the efficiency of the final outcome.

Increasingly popular modern method of searching for prospective plant-origin drug candidates is in silico, using on-line services and platforms, each of which individually has disadvantages. The most effective is the integration of several service databases.

This allow researchers to identify possible directions for studying the combined effects of isolated substances, thereby reducing the volume of necessary experimental studies in vitro and in vivo.

The combination of traditional methods of isolation and structure determination with modern in silico methods for determining biological activity is confirmed by literature data and our research, in which the combination identified species that are promising for further study.

SYNTHESIS OF NEW STARCH DERIVATIVES CONTAINING 2-AMINOETHYL HYDROGEN SULFATE

Jamoliddin Abdugulomovich Abdurakhmanov — 2025-03-07

The article is devoted to the synthesis of new starch derivatives containing 2-aminoethyl sulfate. The study examined the influence of various parameters on the process of modification of polysaccharides, including reaction time, pH of the medium, temperature and concentration of reagents. Optimal reaction conditions were determined. The structure of the resulting product was analyzed using spectroscopy methods, including infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, the nitrogen content in the macromolecule was determined in order to assess the degree of modification, since nitrogen is often introduced into the molecule through amino groups, changing its properties and functionality. The influence of the amount of nitrogen on the formation of azomethine bonds and their distribution in the macromolecule was studied. It has been established that an increase in the number of sulfate groups in a macromolecule leads to an increase in its acidity, which can be an important factor when considering its biological activity. The results obtained represent an important contribution to the understanding of polysaccharide modification processes and their application in various fields of science and industry.

OXIDATION OF VISCOSE IN THE HNO3–H3PO4–NaNO2 SYSTEM: FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, PROPERTIES AND POTENTIAL APPLICATION

Sergey Mikhailovich Butrim — 2025-02-25

A method has been developed for the oxidation of regenerated cellulose (viscose) in the HNO₃–H₃PO₄–NaNO₂ system, which makes it possible to obtain oxidized regenerated cellulose with a COOH group content of 18–24% in powder form, which meets USP quality requirements, which allows its use as a biodegradable hemostatic material. The structure of oxidized regenerated celluloses with different contents of COOH groups was confirmed by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis; the structure of the samples and their thermal stability were studied by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses, respectively. It has been shown that the diffraction patterns of oxidized regenerated celluloses have reflections characteristic of two polymorphs: cellulose II (characteristic of the original regenerated cellulose) and cellulose I. It has been established in the IR spectrum of oxidized regenerated cellulose a band of C=O stretching vibrations of the carboxyl group appears at 1731 cm^-1, the intensity of which increases with increasing content of carboxyl groups in oxidized viscose. It has been shown that the degree of crystallinity of oxidized regenerated celluloses obtained in this system decreases proportionally with an increase in the content of carboxyl groups in oxidized viscose, while complete amorphization of viscose is not observed even at the maximum degree of oxidation (24.09% COOH groups). It was founded that at a low catalyst concentration (0.06–0.12%) the viscose oxidation reaction has a pronounced autocatalytic character, and the kinetic curve has a characteristic S-shaped form, while the accumulation of bound nitrogen passed through a maximum and decreases significantly with the reaction time.

COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF THE POLYSACCHARIDE COMPLEX OF BIDENS FRONDOSA L. GROW-ING IN UZBEKISTAN

Rano Abdumuminovna Abdullaeva — 2025-03-16

The qualitative and quantitative composition of the polysaccharide complex of Bidens frondosa L. has been studied. Water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPS-C – 7.3%, WSPS-H – 8.1%), pectin substances (PS – 4.8%) and hemicelluloses (HMC-A – 1.0% and HMC-B – 2.5%) were isolated from the aerial part of a series of medicinal plants (Bidens frondosa L.) growing in Uzbekistan. According to the results of chromatographic analysis, glucose, sucrose and traces of fructose were identified in an alcoholic solution. By gas chromatography (GC), rhamnose (HMC-A and HMC-B), arabinose and xylose (in all PS), glucose and galactose (in all polysaccharides, except pectin substances) were identified in hydrolysates of isolated polysaccharides. Along with neutral monosaccharides, galacturonic acid is present in pectin substances hydrolysates and, according to titrometric analysis, pectin substances is low-esterified. The isolated polysaccharides were analyzed by IR-spectroscopy.

UREA FORMALDEHYDE OLIGOMERS – INHIBITORS OF POLYSACCHARIDE DESTRUCTION OF SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE, PRODUCED FROM WOOD PULP

Sabitjan Yakubzhanovich Inagamov — 2025-03-21

The objective of this work is to study the kinetics of changes in the structure and properties of interpolymer complexes obtained on the basis of sodium carboxymethylcellulose polysaccharide (Na-CMC) with urea-formaldehyde oligomers (UFO). The stability period of solutions of Na-CMC interpolymer complexes with UFO determination of viscosity at various temperatures has been studied. Experimental data show that when storing aqueous solutions of Na-CMC, the viscosity decreases due to changes in the structure due to the rupture of polyester bonds, which leads to a decrease in the molecular weight of Na-CMC. With the addition of a urea-formaldehyde oligomer and the formation of a polycomplex, the stability time of the Na-CMC solution increases due to inhibition of the destruction of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in aqueous systems. The results of the viscosity study are also confirmed by IR spectroscopic data, which show a decrease in the intensity of the absorption band related to the oxygen bridge of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, which leads to a decrease in the viscosity of Na-CMC solutions. Addition of a urea-formaldehyde oligomer to Na-CMC, i.e. the formation of a polycomplex between the constituent components of Na-CMC and UFO leads to an increase in the stability period of Na-CMC solutions by 4-5 times. For stable storage of Na-CMC solutions, solutions of urea-formaldehyde oligomers that inhibit the destruction of the Na-CMC solution can be used as a highly effective preservative.

SCREENING STUDY OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF WATER-ETHANOLIC EXTRACTIONS OF POPULUS NIGRA L. AND POPULUS RUBRINERVIS HORT. ALB. BUDS

Elena Aleksandrovna Urbanchik — 2025-03-07

Today the search for new antimicrobial drugs is key to solving the global public health problem of combating antimicrobial resistance in the population. Medicinal plants are one of the most promising solutions to this problem. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of water-ethanolic extractions of some species of the genus Populus L. buds with the effect of propolis tincture as a comparison preparation. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by double serial dilutions on Mueller-Hinton nutrient broth (Bio-Rad, USA). The following clinical strains were used as test cultures: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans.

It was revealed that the studied water-ethanolic extractions based of Populus nigra L. and Populus rubrinervis Hort. Alb. buds demonstrated antibacterial activity against clinical pathogens. Optimal extractants were selected to obtain dosage forms on the basis of the studied objects: with respect to Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and B. cereus, stronger alcohols of 80 and 96% were proposed of P. rubrinervis Hort. Alb. buds and 70% of P. nigra L. buds; with respect to yeast-like fungus C. albicans, stronger 96% alcohol was required of P. rubrinervis Hort. Alb. buds and more hydrophilic 70% of P. nigra L. buds on the contrary. For both the Gram-negative bacteria P. aeruginosa and E. coli, the results of all study sites were comparable to the "negative" control. The antimicrobial activity of the comparison preparation - propolis tincture against the bacterium B. cereus was higher than against other clinical strains cereus was higher than against other clinical strains.

This study indicates the promise of a further study P. rubrinervis Hort. Alb. buds. The buds of P. nigra L. and P. rubrinervis Hort. Alb. have been proposed as promising sources for obtaining medicinal plant preparations with antibacterial activity.

STUDY OF THE POLYPHENOLIC COMPOSITION OF LEAVES OF THE SEMENOV MAPLE ACER SEMENOVII

Kamola Vahabdzhanova Raimova — 2025-03-03

For the first time, the chemical composition (polyphenols) of the leaves of the Semenov Maple plant - Acer semenovii - family Aceraceae Juss., growing in the mountainous regions of the Tashkent region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, has been studied. A study was carried out to study the yield of the amount of polyphenols using an optimized method of extraction from plant raw materials, depending on the composition of the extractant, the extraction module, the multiplicity of extraction, the ratio of raw materials: extractant, temperature, thickening conditions, treatment of the aqueous residue with organic solvents, the conditions for the precipitation of the amount of polyphenols and their drying. As a result, optimal conditions for the isolation of polyphenols from plant materials were selected and, under the selected conditions, the amount of polyphenols from the leaves of Maple Semenov was obtained with a yield of 8.9%. During a chromatographic study of the isolated fractions, it was found that the polyphenols of the ethyl acetate fraction are represented mainly by monomeric catechins, flavonols and tannins. Using physicochemical methods: paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography, the structures of the isolated compounds were established. As a result, more than 14 polyphenols were isolated from the leaves of Maple Semenov, such as quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, rutin, kaempferol, quercetin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, gallic acid, (-)- epigallocatechin gallate, 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, procyanidin, ellagic acid, apigenin-6-C-glucoside, 1,6-bis-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, isoquercetin.

STUDY OF BIOCIDAL PROPERTIES IN EXTRACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM CONIFEROUS WOOD GREENERY

Tatyana Vladimirovna Khurshkainen — 2025-03-17

To control plant pathogens, extractive substances isolated from conifer raw materials can offer an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to agrochemicals. The article presents the results of studying the extractive substances from coniferous wood greenery (WG) extracted by the emulsion extraction method. Samples of wood greenery extracts from spruce, pine and larch were tested for their biological effect on the growth of phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium avenaceum, F. oxysporum, F. culmorum, F. proliferatum, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Alternaria sp., Parastagonospora nodorum Н9 and bacteria Erwinia rhapontici, Pseudomonas cepacea, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens G29r4, Bacillus sp. G29r3, Bacillus aryabhattai G11r3, Pedobacter agri, Clavibacter michiganensis under in vitro conditions. The obtained results indicate the presence of antibacterial and antifungal activity in the studied samples of coniferous extracts. The working concentrations that provided the most efficient growth suppression of phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi were identified. The phenomenon of the maximum inhibitory activity of the extracts at low concentrations followed by the attenuation of their action with increasing doses was revealed.

IMPROVEMENT OF CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF GENISTEIN ISOFLAVONE

Vladimir Gennadievich Dudarev — 2025-03-07

Genistein (4',5,7-trihydroxyisophlavone) is found in representatives of the family Fabaceae and plays an important role in the regulation of plant cells. Genistein shows a wide range of biological activity in vivo and in vitro experiments: estrogenic, anticancer, antidiabetic, immunostimulating, antioxidant, radioprotective. The aim of the work was to modernize and study in more detail the chemical synthesis of genistein using the "deoxybenzoin" scheme. In the Houben-Höesch reaction between phloroglucinol and (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile, the diethyl ether can be substituted for the less flammable 1,4-dioxane with increased yield. As a catalyst for this reaction, instead of zinc (II) chloride, it is more convenient to use boron trifluoride etherate in the proportion 0.5 mol/mol of genistein. The study of the products of the reaction of deoxybenzoin with the Vilsmeier reagent showed that in the absence of boron trifluoride etherate, the reaction proceeds non-selectively and a mixture of genistein, 6-formyl- and 8-formylgenistein is formed. Increasing excess boron trifruoride etherate leads to substantial increase in genistein yield. The obtained results can be used in the production and quality control of the pharmaceutical substance genistein.

ESSENTIAL OIL COMPONENTS OF EXTRACTS OF PLANTS OF THE MENTHA GENUS GROWING IN VARIOUS REGIONS OF SOUTHERN RUSSIA

Zaual Akhloovich Temerdashev — 2025-03-19

The component composition of subcritical acetone extracts from five samples of mint plants grown in the south of Russia under different climatic conditions was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A comparative analysis of the mint extract components revealed that two samples of Mentha piperita (L.), or peppermint, had a similar composition and could be classified as menthonic chemotypes. Growing at an altitude between 1200 and 1800 meters above sea level, one sample of long-leaved mint, Mentha longifolia (L.), contained monoterpene alcohols such as β-linalool and 4-tuyanol, which are valuable for phytotherapy, and was classified as a linalool chemotype. The major components of the long-leaved mint extract, grown at an altitude of only 36 meters above sea level, included dihydrocarvone, 1,8-cineole, and dihydrocarvil acetate. A high content of monoterpene alcohols, such as tuyanol-4 and 1,8-cineol, was found in a sample of spearmint grown in Maykop. This may be of potential interest for practical applications in phyto- and aromatherapy. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, five mint samples were divided into three groups. The results obtained allow us to preliminarily conclude that the formation of the component composition of plants of the mint genus depends on the growing conditions and is not determined by the genome of the species.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF THE ABOVE GROUND PART OF TWO SPECIES OF PLANTS OF THE GENUS HAPLOPHYLLUM GROWING IN UZBEKISTAN

Oydin Karimkhon kizi Askarova — 2025-03-19

Various species of plants of the genus Haplophyllum (family Rutaceae) have long been used in folk medicine to treat skin and nervous diseases, as an antidote for poisoning, an antipyretic, analgesic, laxative, and for diseases of the stomach and spleen. Extracts of some species exhibit antioxidant, antibacterial, insecticidal, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, estrogenic, antitumor, and cytotoxic activity. Therefore, they attract the attention of researchers as potential sources of biologically active substances with valuable pharmacological properties. The component composition of the essential oil (EO) obtained by hydrodistillation from the aboveground part of the plant Haplophyllum acutifolium (DC.) G. Don fil. 64 compounds were found in the EO oil from the aboveground part of H. acutifolium by GC-MS, which is 92.5% of the oil weight. 58 components were identified. It was found that EO is a rich source of terpenes and its composition is dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (44.1%) and oxidized sesquiterpenes (19.7%), while the content of monoterpenes and oxidized monoterpenes is only 4.1 and 4.8%, respectively.

The main components of EO are α-elemol (12.6%), germacrene B (12.5%), β-caryophyllene (8.4%), 3-methyl-2-butenal (4.9%), germacrene D (4.5%), δ-cadinene (3.1%), δ-selinene (3.0%), alloarmadendrene (2.5%), spathulenol (2.4%).

In the composition of EO from the aboveground part of Haplophyllum ferganicum Vved. 31 components were identified, which makes up 97.2% of the total mass of the oil. It was found that H. ferganicum EO is a rich source of terpenes and its composition is dominated by monoterpene (37.2%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (35.0%). The content of oxidized monoterpenes and oxidized sesquiterpenes in the EO is only 10.2 and 5.4%, respectively. The main components of the EO are germacrene B (19.7%), limonene (15.2%), α-phellandrene (10.7%), 3-methyl-2-butenal (6.2%), β-phellandrene (5.0%), β-caryophyllene (4.3%), terpinolene (3.9%), γ-elemene (3.2%) and linallyl acetate (2.6%).

CONTENT AND COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM FRESHLY COLLECTED INFLORESCENCES OF WILD PLANTS FILIPENDULA ULMARIA (ROSACEAE) IN THE MIDDLE TAIGA SUBZONE OF THE KOMI REPUBLIC

Vasily Vitalievich Punegov — 2025-03-07

The results of a long-term study (2017–2023) of the quantitative and qualitative composition of essential oil from freshly collected inflorescences of Filipendula ulmaria, selected for analysis during the flowering period of plants from two natural populations of the Syktyvdinsky district of the Komi Republic. It has been established that the content of essential oil in wild plants can vary from 0.09 to 0.19%, regardless of the weather conditions of the growing season. Using chromatography-mass spectrometry, the component composition of the essential oil was identified and 36 compounds were identified. It was found that in all years of research, salicylic aldehyde (31–73.1%) and methyl salicylate (21.9–55.8%) dominated in the essential oil from freshly collected inflorescences, reaching a total of 81–98% in a separate sample. 19 compounds were present in the essential oil in an amount of more than 0.2%, the total share of the remaining 15 components was only 1.3%. The results obtained on the content of essential oil and its component composition in wild plants Filipendula ulmaria, widespread in the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic allow the search and selection of more productive natural populations to obtain high-quality vegetable raw materials for the production of essential oil.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF ROOTS AND LEAVES OF FERULA TADSHIKORUM PIMENOV

Dilovar Tolibdjonovna Khamraeva — 2025-03-17

This study describes the results of a comparative analysis of the chemical composition of essential oils of roots and leaves of 3 samples of virginile plants Ferula tadshikorum of various years of life from natural places (12–14 and 24–27-year-old individuals, Babatag ridge of the Surkhandarya region) of growth and in culture (4 years of life, Tashkent Botanical Garden).

The chemical composition of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation was relatively investigated by means of GC-MSD analysis.

The results obtained showed that the isolated chemicals differ and are related to the age of plants. For example, introduced plants had an almost similar qualitative composition of essential oils of leaves and roots, and in natural individuals, the leaves, irrespective of the age of the plant, contained the same main components, while the roots had a different compound composition. The main component of the essential oils of the introducents were myristicin and methanethioamide, N,N-dimethyl, and in individuals of natural habitats the sulfur-containing components were thiopropionamide; disulfide, methyl 1-(methylthio) propyl and 1-(1-Propen-1-yl)-2-(2-thiopent-3-yl) disulfide, and also Germacyclobutane, 1,1-dimethyl-.

According to the available literature, they have anti-cancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, and in the future research should be aimed at studying their therapeutic abilities.

COMPONENT COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE VOLATILE SUBSTANCE FRACTION OF PRUNUS CERASUS L. (ROSACEAE), CULTIVATED IN UZBEKISTAN

Alijan Aminovich Ibragimov — 2025-03-16

The component composition of the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the leaves and flower petals of Prunus cerasus from two places of growth in the Ferghana region: Tashlak and Altiaryk districts has been studied. Chromatography-mass spectral analysis of essential oil was used to identify: for Tashlak samples – 48 compounds in flowers (sample 1), which is 92.89% of the total amount of oil, 59 substances (93.07%) in leaves (sample 2); for Altiaryk samples – in flowers (sample 3) 33 compounds (88.05%), 57 compounds (79.44%) in leaves (sample 4). In the composition of the essential oil of sample 1, the predominant components are 4-ethenyl-2-methoxyphenol – 27.75%, 4-vinylphenol – 17.86%, furfural – 9.23%, 5-methylfurfural – 7.69%, 2-acetylpyrrol – 4.52%, furfuryl alcohol – 2.15%, Nonanoic acid – 1.86%. In sample 2, the following predominate: herniarin (7-methoxycoumarin) – 38.06%, coumarin – 28.53%, eugenol – 4.74%, hexadecanoic acid – 2.53%. In sample 3 – the highest content: 4-ethenyl-2-methoxyphenol – 17.90%, 4-vinylphenol – 16.59%, isomeric lilac alcohols: lilac alcohol D – 9.05%, lilac alcohol C – 8.79%, lilac alcohol B – 1.42%, tricosane – 4.25%, nonanoic acid – 3.88%, nonanol – 1.97%, estragole – 3.86%. Sample 4 mainly contains: herniarin – 29.39%, coumarin – 10.04%, eugenol – 6.56%, dihydrocoumarin – 5.04, hexadecanoic acid – 4.13%, terpinolene – 3.52%, phytol – 3.41%. The observed significant differences between the studied samples, as well as with related samples from other habitats, are discussed.

COMPONENT COMPOSITION, ANTIRADICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF LEMON BALM LEAVES

Aleksandr Alekseevich Efremov — 2025-03-07

The essential oil and its separate fractions were isolated from the lemon balm leaves collected before the plant budding using the method of exhaustive hydrosteam distillation. The component composition of the oil and fractions was determined using the method of chromatography-mass spectrometry. The essential oil mainly contains sesquiterpene compounds and does not contain such monoterpenoids as citral, citronellal, geraniol. The antiradical activity of the oil and fractions was assessed during the reaction with a stable free 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical. The values of the antiradical activity of the whole oil and its separate fractions correlate with the content of oxygen-containing terpenoids. The correlation coefficient is 0.81. The antimicrobial activity was studied using the disk diffusion method against strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Whole essential oil of lemon balm leaves and its separate fractions completely inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Fraction 1, collected during the first hour, showed fungicidal activity against Candida albicans, completely inhibiting the growth of the strain, both undiluted and diluted in a 1 : 1 ratio with 96% ethyl alcohol. Essential oil of lemon balm leaves collected before the plant budding is promising for further studies of its biological activity.

METHOD FOR EXTRACTING OIL ENRICHED WITH TANNINS FROM CLOUDBERRY SEEDS

Valeria Ivanovna Repina — 2025-03-08

Cloudberry is a unique berry that has not only a special taste, but also beneficial properties, including due to the presence of vitamins B, PP and E and other valuable components. Cloudberry berries are widely used in the food industry. However, cloudberry seeds are mostly disposed nowadays; meanwhile they also contain a large number of useful components.

These components include tannins, a unique group of phenolic metabolites. They are useful both for external treatment of inflammation and skin damage, and for use in the prevention of chronic diseases. Extraction of substances can be achieved by supercritical fluid extraction - a modern method of extracting oil from plant raw materials with supercritical carbon dioxide, which was carried out on an MV-10ASFE installation manufactured by Waters, (USA), at a temperature of 60 and 80 °C, a pressure of 200 and 300 atm and the addition of 10% co-solvent. In this case, we varied conditions, such as pressure, temperature and the addition of a cosolvent.

Since cloudberry seeds have a small amount of tannins, raw materials can be selected to create a mixture in order to increase the content of the amount of tannins. Fireweed and oak bark were selected for such purposes. Tannins were determined spectrophotometrically and by pyrolytic gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

It has been established that the greatest amount of tannins is observed in fireweed extracts, and under the same conditions, cloudberry extract contains almost three times less tannins.

STUDY OF BIOELEMENTS IN THE COMPOSITION OF MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS PREPARED FROM MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE FERGHANA VALLEY AND PROSPECTS FOR THEIR USE FOR THE CORRECTION OF BIOELEMENTOSIS

Parizod Kadirovna Turdalieva — 2025-03-19

Instrumental neutron activation analysis revealed the content of 39 macro-and microelements in the composition of 4 medicinal preparations, prepared from medicinal plants of the Ferghana Valley. The composition of the collections contains a large number of essential bioelements such as Ca, K, Na, Fe, Cr, Co, Cu, Mg, Mn, Se, Mo and Zn, which contribute to improving the function of the heart, kidneys, liver, stomach and other organs of the human body. The content of As and heavy metals such as Hg, Sb, Cd and Ba in all the studied plant collections not exceed themaximum permissible concentration. The high content of the amount of bioelements in the composition of medical fees suggests that the use of fees for the correction of bioelementosis is promisingбиоэлементозов: collection №1 – to increase the body's immunity and anemia, medical collection №2 – for infertility, as well as for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, drug collection №3 – for atherosclerosis, depression and anemia and plant collection №4 – for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus, as well as heart diseases.

THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF THE COMPONENTS OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN CHERRY FRUITS OF THE VNIISPK BIORESOURCE COLLECTION

Margarita Alekseevna Makarkina — 2025-03-19

Cherry is a culture whose fruits contain biologically active substances, ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity, causing therapeutic and preventive properties. The objects of research were the cherry cultivars of the bioresource collection of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK): 25 introduced ones and 38 cultivars bred by the Institute. The goal of the studies was to give the comparative assessment of cherry cultivars of the VNIISPK bioresource collection for the accumulation of biologically active substances in fruits and to identify genotypes with a high level of antioxidant properties. The content of ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds (anthocyanins, catechins, leukoanthocyanins and their sum) were determined in the fruits. The average values, diversity limits and variation intervals for each component for both groups of the cultivars were calculated. Genotypes that are of interest for obtaining fresh vitamin products, and sources of high content of biologically active substances have been identified for further use in cherry breeding for improved chemical composition of fruits. When distributing cultivars into groups according to the content of anthocyanins in fruits, it was found that in most cherry cultivars the content of anthocyanins ranged from 100.0 to 300.0 mg/100 g – 64% in the introduced cultivars and 60.5% in the VNIISPK breeding cultivars, while 24.0 and 31.6% of the cultivars, respectively, accumulated more than 300.0 mg/100 g. A number of the cultivars were identified according to the complex of traits that determined the antioxidant activity of the culture: Vladimirskaya and Rastorguevskaya (introduced cultivars); Antratsitovaya, Businka, Vereya, Veteranka, Grechanka, Orleya, Podarok Uchitelyam, Rovesnitsa, Studencheskaya, Kapelka, Kupina, Tikhonovskaya and Shokoladnitsa (VNIISPK breeding cultivars).

STUDY OF THE COMPLEX OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN THE LEAVES OF MICHURIN CHOKEBERRY (ARONIA×MITSCHURINII A.K. SKVORTSOV & MAITUL) AND SEA BUCKTHORN (HIPPOPHAES RHAMNOIDES L.)

Olga Valerievna Pugacheva — 2025-03-08

In recent years, the method of IR spectroscopy has found application in studying the quality of food and medicinal plant raw materials (MPRM). In particular, in the near-infrared region, as a non-destructive analysis method, the method is used to monitor the accumulation of biologically active substances (BAS) in plants at their cultivation sites. The presence of specific bands caused by the presence of target groups of biologically active substances in the raw material, as well as their intensity, allows us to scientifically substantiate the readiness of the raw material for collection. This facilitates the production of standard batches of MP and medicinal herbal preparations (MHP) based on it.

The purpose of this study was to study the complex of biologically active substances in the leaves of Aronia ×mitschurinii A.K. Skvortsov & Maitul and sea buckthorn (Hippophaes rhamnoides L.) using the method of Fourier transform IR spectroscopy.

The work investigated the dynamics of the accumulation of polyphenolic biologically active substances (flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanin compounds) in the leaves of chokeberry Michurin and sea buckthorn. It was found that the highest content of flavonoids is observed in the leaves of the studied plants in the early stages of their development, harvested in mid-June, sharply decreasing by mid-July and then gradually decreasing by the end of August - beginning of September. The content of anthocyanins in the leaves of Michurina chokeberry is quite high during all periods of harvesting, showing maximum values in raw materials harvested at the stage of the beginning of leaf reddening in September. From the point of view of the accumulation of tannins, it is maximum in raw materials prepared at the stage of flowering of the plant (Michurin chokeberry) or fruit formation (sea buckthorn). When comparing the spectra of the studied leaf samples at different stages of development, their significant similarity was found in the region of stretching and deformation vibrations: bands of strong and medium intensity at 2960–2850; 1750–1730; 1460–1410; 1380–1300 cm^-1, which indicates the presence of aromatic compounds in the raw material, including a phenolic structure. Using IR spectroscopy, it was established that molecules of biologically active substances of polyphenolic nature in the studied drug interact with each other to form polyassociates via hydrogen bonds.

ECOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC STUDIES OF NETTLE OF DIOECIOUS LEAVES OF SYNANTHROPIC FLORA OF THE MIDDLE LANE OF RUSSIA

Nina Alekseevna Dyakova — 2025-03-08

The article presents the results of an ecological and hygienic study of the accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic, as well as biologically active substances in nettles of dioecious leaves harvested in urbanized areas of central Russia, experiencing various anthropogenic impacts. More than 50 samples of nettles of dioecious leaves collected in various territories of the Voronezh region, as a typical region of central Russia, were analyzed for the content of heavy metals and arsenic, as well as the sum of oxycinnamic acids in terms of chlorogenic acid. All test samples were found to meet the requirements of regulatory documentation. Nettles dioecious leaves limitedly accumulate toxic elements such as lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, cobalt, nickel, chromium. Nettles dioecious leaves are able to selectively concentrate copper and zinc. The peculiarities of accumulation of toxic elements from nettle soils by dioecious leaves should be taken into account when planning places for harvesting medicinal plant raw materials and assessing its quality. The content of the sum of oxycinnamic acids in samples of nettle leaves collected in some urbocenoses of the Voronezh region is on average 1.5–2 times higher than in samples of natural biocenoses of protected areas. It result of a complex toxic effect on the plant organism, for example, near large roads, industrial enterprises, it is possible to reduce the biosynthesis of hydroxy-cinnamic acids in nettles of dioecious leaves. The calculated values of the correlation coefficients showed that lead, arsenic, nickel, cobalt have a moderate negative effect on the accumulation of oxycinnamic acids.

WATER-SOLUBLE COMPLEX OF GOSSYPOL: PRODUCTION, STRUCTURE AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

Kuralbay Zhadigerovich Rezhepov — 2025-03-09

The article provides information on the preparation and study of the structural and biological properties of water-soluble complexes of gossypol with N-polyvinylpyrrolidone. The most suitable method for obtaining complexes of N-polyvinylpyrrolidone with gossypol derivatives turned out to be a method that represents the co-precipitation of the starting gossypol with a polymer in non-aqueous solvent systems with stirring. In this way, a water-soluble complex of gossypol with N-polyvinylpyrrolidone was obtained. The resulting complex is a brightly colored powdery substance, completely soluble in water. Its physicochemical parameters are characterized. The structure of the resulting complex was confirmed by spectroscopy (UV, IR).

In the course of the work, the relaxing effect of the PGN-02 polyphenol on the preparation of rat aorta was studied for the first time. Biological studies have shown that polyphenol PGN-02 has a strong relaxing effect and significantly reduces the force of contraction of the aorta caused by KCl (50 mM). It was shown that as a result of blocking the voltage-dependent L-type Ca²⁺ channels located in the plasmalemma, muscle relaxation occurred. The relaxing effect of PGN-02 polyphenol is associated with the blocking of L-type Ca²⁺ channels, as evidenced by the results of experiments conducted with the specific Ca²⁺ channel blocker verapamil.

DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNIQUE FOR LIQUID EXTRACTION OF THE AMOUNT OF GLYCOALKALOIDS FROM THE PEEL OF TUBEROUS POTATO TUBERS (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM, F. SOLANACEAE)

Tatyana Olegovna Ostrikova — 2025-03-09

Glycoalkaloids (HA) of plants of the Solanaceae family (in particular tuberous potatoes) such as α-solanine and α-chaconin have a wide range of pharmacological effects: antimicrobial, antifungal, antitumor, etc., as demonstrated by the use of individual substances and on various extracts. The use of substances of these substances in practice as medicines has little prospect due to the high cost and foreign production. In this regard, the aim of the work was to develop an economical method for extracting the amount of HA from the standardized peel of tuberous potato tubers to obtain a dry extract with a maximum content of target substances. For this purpose, extractants were selected in accordance with the solubility of α-solanine and α-chaconin: acetic acid, methanol, ethanol, pyridine; extraction technique was selected (single maceration for 90 minutes) and deposition methods were tested: solvent distillation under vacuum, precipitation with ammonia or cooling after heating. The criteria for choosing a solvent were the yield of the amount of HA (HPLC-MS/MS), the content of concomitant substances and more toxic solanidine, economic and legal accessibility, toxicity, and the amount of solanidine. The optimal method was liquid extraction with aqueous acetic acid and precipitation with ammonia solution. The chosen technique has been modified by changing the time, the frequency of extraction, and the use of ultrasound. As a result, it was found that the content of the sum of α-solanine and α-chaconin per 100 g of dried vegetable raw materials was the highest when using triple maceration for 10 minutes. Thus, the technique of liquid extraction of the sum of HA was developed.

RESEARCH CHANGES IN ENZYME ACTIVITY DURING STORAGE OF TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES IN DIFFERENT OPTIONS

Ilhama Huseyn Kazimova — 2025-03-16

The study aims to study changes in enzyme activity during storage of different table grape varieties. In the work, the objects were three widely used grape varieties in Azerbaijan: white (Ganja table), pink (Marandi Shemakha) and red (Black Asma). The purpose of the study is likely to be to identify changes in the activity of various enzymes in these grape varieties under different storage conditions.

As a result of a study of table grape varieties stored in a refrigeration chamber with a controlled gas environment (3–4% CO₂, 2–3% O₂) at temperatures of -1 and -2 °C and air humidity of 90–95%, a significant decrease in enzyme activity was revealed at a temperature inside the pulp of 0…+1 °C compared to other options. Also, in the Marandi Shamakhi grape variety, the activity of all studied enzymes (ascorbate oxidase, o-diphenoloxidase, peroxidase and catalase) was suppressed by 100%. These results indicate a significant influence of temperature and gas environment on the activity of enzymes and the quality of grapes during storage.

The study revealed that the pink grape variety Marandi Shamakhi has a significantly higher content of minerals, in particular potassium, magnesium and even iodine, compared to other varieties.

When storing table grape varieties, it was found that the activity of the studied enzymes during storage according to the 5th option not only decreases compared to other options, but some of them even completely stop their activity by 100%. As a result of enzyme inactivation during storage of grape varieties, the appearance and quality indicators of the Marandi Shamakhinsky grape variety were superior to other varieties. It was found that when storing grape varieties in the V-th option, less minerals were consumed during respiration compared to other options. Therefore, it is recommended to store the grape varieties in this study according to the proposed 5th method.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE METHOD OF ULTRASONIC EXTRACTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS WITH A WATER-ALCOHOLIC MIXTURE FROM THE FLOWERS OF ARNICA MONTANA L., GROWING IN THE TERRITORY OF THE ARCTIC ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION UNDER INTRODUCTION CONDITIONS

Lidiya Nikolaevna Sereda — 2025-03-09

Mountain Arnica (Arnica montana L.) is a longterm specially protected herbaceous species of the genus Arnica (Arnica L.) of the family of compoundflowers (Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl), growing mainly in forests and forest meadows of Western and Central Europe, in mountainous areas rising to the Alpine belt and successfully introduced into the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The inflorescences of the plant have hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, analgesic, anti-sclerotic properties due to the high content of phenolic compounds, the complete extraction of which requires the development of conditions aimed at obtaining extracts containing the maximum number of target components with minimal destruction. In connection with the prospects of using the inflorescences of arnica plants in the field of healthcare, in this work, for the first time, the optimization of the conditions of the method of ultrasonic extraction with an aqueous ethanol mixture using single-factor analysis and the Box-Benken algorithm was carried out. The kinetics of the extraction process is approximated by the second-order reaction equation. The optimal duration of extraction, the concentration of the extractant, the power of ultrasonic action, the diameter of the fractions of vegetable raw materials, the hydromodule and the extraction temperature were determined. The content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids was determined, antioxidant activity and the degree of radical inhibition were evaluated. The results obtained can be used in the development of technologies for the production of phytopreparations for use in the pharmaceutical and cosmetology industries.

Synthesis of new biologically active compounds based on α - santonin

Sergazy Mynzhasarovich Adekenov — 2025-03-21

3-Keto-6,11β,7α(H)-eudesm-1(2),4(5)-dien-6,12-olide is a sesquiterpene γ-lactone of the eudesmane structural type, known as α-santonin, isolated from more than 20 species of the genus Artemisia L. and is a renewable chemical material for the synthesis of new biologically active compounds.

The goal of the work is the synthesis of new compounds based on α-santonin with potential biological activity for the development of medicinal substances.

Methods. Hydrogenation, halogenation, oximation, aminolysis, Michael, and O-alkyl- and alkenyl-substituted oxime santonin derivatives were synthesised on the basis of the polyfunctional molecule 3-keto-6,11β,7α(H)-eudesm-1(2),4(5)-diene-6,12-olide. The antimicrobial and fungicidal activities of the samples of compounds were studied on 16 bacterial and fungal strains. Antitumour activity of the samples of compounds was studied on white mongrel rats on 6 transplantable tumour strains.

Results. 21 new compounds were synthesized, the structure of which was established on the basis of physicochemical constants, spectral data (IR, UV, ¹H-, ¹³C NMR spectroscopy), as well as X-ray diffraction analysis. The antimicrobial, fungicidal and antitumor activities of α-santonin and its derivatives have been studied. Promising compounds for the development of new medicinal substances have been identified.

Conclusion. The reactions of regioselective nucleophilic additions of amines and alcohols to the eudesmanolide α-santonin were studied for the first time. Methods for the targeted synthesis of new hydrochloride and acetate salts of santoninamine have been developed. The relationship between the structure of the synthesized molecules and their biological activity was revealed. The results of molecular docking of the new synthesized compounds indicate their interaction with biological targets: DNA topoisomerases -I and -II, as well as SARS-CoV-2.

THE TRANSFORMATION OF ORGANIC MATTER AND CARBON DYNAMICS IN THE MIRES OF THE NORTHERN PART OF THE MIDDLE-RUSSIAN UPLAND

Elena Mikhailovna Volkova — 2025-03-09

The article discusses the results of an experiment on the transformation of different plant remains in the ecological conditions of floodplain and watershed mires which are located in the north of the Middle-Russian Upland. The objects of the study were Menyanthes trifoliata, Filipedula ulmaria, Equisetum fluviatile, Carex acutiformis and Sphagnum fallax. It is shown that the intensity of decomposition of plant residues depends on their chemical composition (ash content, C/N ratio) and biotope conditions (aeration, mineralization of mire waters). During the 12 months of the experiment, the highest values of mass loss were noted for Menyanthes trifoliata and Filipendula ulmaria, the minimum – in sphagnum moss. In the process of decomposition of plant residues, the carbon content is changing. At the same time, in a floodplain mire which is characterize by a seasonally variable hydrological regime and rich water and mineral nutrition, a decrease of carbon content was noted in plant residues. In the watershed mire, under conditions of stable moisture and poor mineral nutrition, the carbon content increases during the experiment. Carbon stocks in plant samples decreased during the experiment. However, the highest values of carbon reserves were preserved in plant samples at the watershed mire, which is correlates with carbon concentration in peat and their active vertical growth. The conducted experiment makes it possible to assess the contribution of different mire types to carbon deposition.

CELLULOSE FROM THE SUNFLOWER STALKS

Robert Zus'evich Pen — 2025-03-12

The stalks of the sunflower (helianthus annuus) are stored up in the south Krasnoyrsk of the edge. The external layer and the pith (parenchyma fibers) was separated by hand. High degree of the stalks nonhomogeneitys was installed: coefficient of variation of the external layer mass part to be taken before 8%, pith – before 65%. The air-dry external layer reduced in laboratory desintegrator (beater mill), the material separated in the form particles length 10–20 mms, delignificated with the peroxide hydrogen and acetic acid water solution under liquid module 6 and temperature 93 °C. In the course of experiment varied the initial concentrations peroxide (the range of variation 3.5–4.5 g-mol/l) and acid (3–5 g-mol/l), length of the isothermal cooking (3–5 hours). The dependencies of the total leaving the hard remainder, noncooked and consumed peroxide hydrogen parts from the variable factor approximated with the second order equations of the regression. The equations used for graphic presentation result. The analyses dependencies correspond to a priori information. With growing of the value of each factor grows the part consumed peroxide hydrogen, decreases total leaving the hard remainder and noncooked. When leaving 40% and degree of the grind 30 °SR cellulose had a breakup length 7300 m, forcing through resistance 225 kPа, tearing – 230 mN

THE EFFECT OF SUNFLOWER HUSK TORREFICATION ON PYROLYSIS CHARACTERISTICS

Svetlana Ivanovna Islamova — 2025-03-10

Torrefaction is an effective process of pretreatment of biomass to improve its physico-chemical properties and use it as a raw material for pyrolysis or gasification. In this study, the effect of sunflower husk torrefaction on pyrolysis characteristics was studied. The analysis of the kinetics of thermal degradation of torrefied biomass is important for evaluating the effectiveness of the torrefaction process and understanding the pyrolysis characteristics of processed raw materials. In this work, the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) method investigated the kinetics of pyrolysis of sunflower husk pellets (PS) and torrefied sunflower husk pellets (TPS) at heating rates of 5, 10 and 20 K/min. The results showed that at TPS, the change in the DTG curve to the peak temperature is more uniform, while the maximum decomposition rate decreased by about 30%. There was a decline in the ignition and combustion of sunflower pellets due to torrefaction. The average activation energy for pyrolysis of PS was 250.82 kJ/mol, for pyrolysis of TPS - 294.37 kJ/mol. Diffusion was the main controlling mechanism of the pyrolysis reaction of PS, for TPS – the main reaction mechanism was complex and unpredictable. The average enthalpy change ΔH was 244.28 kJ/mol for PS, and 288.25 kJ/mol for TPS, the Gibbs free energy ΔG remained at the same level, and the entropy ΔS increased by 48%.

DRY PROCESSING OF CELLULOSE-CONTAINING COMBINED MATERIALS

Firdaves Harisovna Khakimova — 2025-03-13

Research has been carried out on dry processing of combined packaging materials – laminated foil production waste. This is a multilayer material, the main components of which are aluminium foil and backing paper made of very expensive high quality bleached kraft pulp. Its recovery and return to production is relevant. The work on separation in dry state of laminated foil into the main constituent fractions - fibrous and aluminium (coarse) – by means of aerodynamic disperser - a new unique multifunctional apparatus has been carried out. The apparatus fulfils two important functions at the same time - the dissolution of laminated foil production waste, which was considered non-recyclable, and the sorting of the recycled products. At the same time, the separation of the aluminium fraction (coarse) is so efficient that it has been accepted for use in powder metallurgy (JSC Rusal). In order to recycle the fibrous fraction (for reuse in paper production), studies were conducted, first of all, on removal of aluminium foil residues from it. Similar studies on the return of fibre obtained by processing of laminated foil into the technology of paper production have not been conducted in the Russian Federation.

For this purpose, various methods of fibre fraction processing have been investigated. At this stage the results were obtained – the residues of aluminium foil in the fibre were brought to the content of about 1% (of the initial material it is 40%). Obtaining paper from the fibre fraction gives positive results: in terms of the main indicators of mechanical strength, a sample of the obtained paper is similar to the original base paper and paper for office equipment.

SUBSTANTIATION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF APPLICATION OF MECHANOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION FOR MODIFICATION OF FUEL BRIQUETTES COMPONENTS

Anastasia Valerievna Afanasova — 2025-03-16

The paper presents the results of substantiation of the possibility of using mechanochemical activation of hydrolytic lignin, including mechanical processing in a high-speed mill with the addition of soda ash, for its further use as a component of fuel briquettes in combination with birch sawdust. The water extract of lignin without treatment and after activation in the mill was evaluated to substantiate the necessity of using soda ash to neutralise its acidic component so that the pH level of the water extract of lignin without treatment is 3.70. It was obtained that the addition of soda ash in the amount of 500 g/t allows increasing the pH level of aqueous extract of lignin after treatment from 3.70 to 7.03. It was found that the application of thermal treatment of birch sawdust with the addition of soda ash and subsequent activation in a high-speed mill leads to an increase in the value of activation energy of samples, which is confirmed by thermal analysis methods when analysing data obtained at three heating rates. The average value of activation energy for lignin after mechanochemical activation is 188.63 kJ/mol, for birch sawdust 311.03 kJ/mol. The possibility of application of mechanochemical activation for hydrolytic lignin and birch sawdust has been substantiated, consisting in the synergetic effect of mechanical activation by grinding in a planetary mill and chemical activation, which will allow to obtain high-quality briquettes with high calorific value.

INFLUENCE OF CAPILLARY-POROUS STRUCTURE OF CELLULOSE ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIBROUS MATERIAL

Darya Alekseevna Polomarchuk — 2025-03-23

The aim of this work is to establish the influence of capillary-porous structure of cellulose on the physicochemical properties of fibrous material. Sulphate bleached hardwood pulp and algal cellulose obtained from the brown alga Saccharina latissima were used in this work. Algal cellulose has a mesoporous structure with a developed specific surface area. The size of algal cellulose fibres is 0.1-0.4 mm, and in terms of morphology they are ribbon-shaped, some of which are twisted. The study of physical and mechanical properties of composite paper made of hardwood pulp with algae pulp additive revealed differences with paper made of pure hardwood pulp. The addition of algae cellulose imparts roughness to the paper web, reduces air permeability and capillary absorption. The composite is also more effective as a filter than a paper web made solely of hardwood pulp. The obtained composite paper has prospects for the production of special purpose papers.

TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING A SUBSTANCE WITH A SEDATIVE EFFECT FROM COMBINED PLANT RAW MATERIALS CONSISTING OF AERIAL PART OF URTICA DIOICA, MELISSA OFFICINALIS AND LEONURUS TURCESTANICUS

Zilola Vakhabdjanovna Turdieva — 2025-03-13

The process of extraction of flavonoids and phenolic acids from a combined raw material consisting of aerial parts of Urtica dioica L., Melissa officinalis L. and Leonurus cardiaca Krecz was studied. et Kupr. in a ratio of 1 : 1 : 1, five-fold extraction with 70% ethyl alcohol at room temperature, with infusion for 6 hours was proposed. This extraction condition ensures the extraction of 95.45% of flavonoids and 86.25% of phenolic acids from the content in the raw material. To purify the extract, a liquid-liquid extraction method has been proposed, in which the concentrated extract is diluted with water and treated four times with extraction gasoline to remove lipophilic impurities. To obtain dry extract "Sedex", spray drying is recommended under the following conditions: coolant temperature at the inlet 175±5 °C and outlet 80±2 °C, solution supply rate – 4 l/h, air pressure supplied to the nozzle – 0.15 MPa and solution concentration – 20%. A technology has been developed for the production of a sedative substance in the form of a dry extract from combined raw materials, which is conventionally named "Sedex". The proposed technology ensures the production of a dry extract with a yield of 14.5% by weight of the raw material containing no less than 4.8% of the total flavonoids in terms of rutin and no less than 14.3% of phenolic acids in terms of rosmarinic acid.

PLANT POLYMERS AND THEIR SORPTION ACTIVITY TO RADIUM IONS

Konstantin Grigorievich Bogolitsyn — 2025-03-13

This article presents the results of a sorption capacity investigation of a plant-based sorbent of plant origin when applied to ²²⁶Ra ions in aqueous media. The findings indicate that cellulose sorbents, a protein-polysaccharide complex and cellulose from the brown algae Saccharina latissima, demonstrate a high efficiency of binding ²²⁶Ra ions, with respective values of 95.2% and 76.6%. The sorption capacity of Cetraria islandica lichenin and Polytrichum commune moss lignin were found to be 74.6 and 86.2%, respectively. Desorption tests were conducted using distilled water, 1M hydrochloric acid, and 1M ammonium acetate. The results indicated that cellulose sorbents (protein-polysaccharide complex and brown algae cellulose) retained the radionuclide the most tightly. The sorption activity of the studied objects is determined by their chemical composition and the specifics of their capillary-porous structure, including the diameter and volume of pores and the specific surface area. These factors influence the complex mechanism of the sorption process of ²²⁶Ra ions on the sorbents under study, such as water cellulose, lichenin, and lignin. The findings of this study indicate the potential for utilizing these alternative plants as a source of novel, multifunctional sorption materials for the effective binding of radionuclides.

RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF THE TOTAL POLYSACCHARIDES FROM FERULA KUHISTANICA AS AN ADAP-TOGENIC MEANS

Vladimir Nikolaevich Syrov — 2025-03-17

From the aerial part of Ferula kuhistaniсa, the sum of polysaccharides was isolated, their physicochemical parameters and monosaccharide composition were determined. The amount of polysaccharides was standardized. In experiments on male mice weighing 18–20 g was found that the extractive preparation of polysaccharides isolated from Ferula kuhistanica when administered orally at a dose of 250 mg/kg has a pharmacocorrective effect on the alarm reaction in animals under conditions of acute stress, significantly increases physical performance and quickly relieves fatigue. In addition, the studied preparation of polysaccharides has a protective effect in case of alcohol poisoning, sodium nitroprusside, gamma irradiation. By the direction of its action, the amount of polysaccharides from F. kuhistaniсa resembles the action of known adaptogenic agents: ecdysten (not much inferior to it in activity) and еleutherococcus liquid (extract has a similar effect).

INVESTIGATION OF THE GROWTH-STIMULATING ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF CONIFEROUS WOODY GREENS

Svetlana Vitalievna Soboleva — 2025-03-20

The paper considers the possibility of using water extracts of conifers to increase the germination of seeds of Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb) and Scots pine (Pepys sylvestris L.) for long-term storage. It was found out that in the woody greenery of conifers there are substances with provitamin and growth-stimulating activity, namely carotenoids (0.014 g/l) and phenolic compounds (2.61 g/l). As raw materials, pine and spruce tree greens were taken, selected in the area of the Krasnoyarsk Pillars National Park. Extracts were prepared from coniferous tree greens as follows: dried and crushed pine and spruce tree greens were extracted with tert-butylmethyl ether. The extract was treated with an aqueous solution of an alkaline agent, then an aqueous-alkaline solution was separated. Distilled water was taken as a control. For the experiment, seeds of scots pine and Siberian spruce harvested from 2017 to 2021 were used. The seeds were germinated in Petri dishes, filter paper was used as a litter. The seedlings were accounted for according to the current GOST on day 7, 10, respectively. Germination was determined on day 15 for pine seeds and on day 20 for spruce seeds. Per 100 pcs. the following concentrations of the extract of an aqueous solution were taken from the seeds, ml of extract per 1 liter: 0.25 : 1; 0.5 : 1; 0.10 : 1; 0.05 : 1; 0.025 : 1. It was found out that with an increase in the shelf life, the germination of seeds decreases, and the greatest germination of seeds is observed when using an extract with a concentration of extractive substances (0.05 : 1) and seeds of 2020 and 2021 collection years.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BIRD CHERRY FRUITS AND TASTING CHARACTERISTICS OF THEIR PROCESSED PRODUCTS

Anna Vladimirovna Lokteva — 2025-03-18

Bird cherry is the most frost-resistant species of all stone fruit crops. Bird cherry fruits are a valuable source of medicinal raw materials. Not so long ago, bird cherry was introduced into the industrial culture of horticulture. There are currently 12 varieties recommended for food use in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation. Bird cherry fruits are edible, used in the native state and in the form of flour when baking pies and other confectionery products. Bird cherry (fruits) refers to a pharmacopoeia and food plant. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the products of processing of bird cherry and to study the biochemical composition of the isolated forms of bird cherry.

The article presents data on the biochemical composition and the results of a technological assessment of the quality of processed bird cherry fruits. The content of sugars, acids, anthocyanins, pectin substances and catechins in the fruits of 14 forms of bird cherry hybrids was determined. Differences in the content of biochemical parameters depending on the form have been established. Bird cherry fruits are characterized by a high sugar content from 36.13 to 53.67% of the raw weight and phenolic compounds. According to the content of catechins, selected forms No. 14-2-37 were identified, and according to the number of anthocyanins, hybrid No. 13-4-45. The fruits of most hybrids showed an increased content of tannins – from 1.62 to 3.39% of the raw weight.

The tasting evaluation of compotes revealed the best forms of bird cherry for use in processing (No. 14-2-30, No. 13-4-45, No. 3-7-16). The tasting evaluation of compotes revealed the best forms of cherry for use in processing (No. 14-2-30, No. 13-4-45, No. 3-7-16). The increased content of tannins in bird cherry fruits (on average 2.5%) confirms the expediency of their use in the canning and pharmaceutical industries. According to the chemical composition of fruits, hybrids and varieties of common bird cherry and Virgin bird cherry are promising for introduction into culture in the south of Western Siberia.

STUDY OF HIGHER FUNGI – BIOTECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL, CREATION OF BIORESOURCE CENTERS, CONSOLIDATION AND COORDINATION OF RESEARCH (BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THE KURCHATOV GE-NOMIC FORUM, OCTOBER 21-22, 2024)

Igor Nikolaevich Pavlov — 2025-03-16

October 21–22, 2024, the Kurchatov Genomic Forum was held at the National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute» as part of the II International Forum of Nature-Like Technologies, where issues related to the implementation of the new national Bioeconomics project were discussed. In the section "Genetic Technologies for Industrial Microbiology", one of the key areas under consideration was the study, conservation and use of valuable genetic resources, including the formation of valuable collections of microbial bioresources, the creation of bioresource centers and a National database of Genetic Information. Higher fungi occupy a special place among microbial bioresources important for the development of bioeconomics. The V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS has a collection of fungi from the Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes taxa of more than 1.5 thousand strains. It is proposed to create a system that ensures: joint search for industrial partners to solve specific technological problems using biotechnological methods based on existing collections of microorganisms; preparation of collective grant applications; conducting priority fundamental and applied research; creation of a unified registry, catalog, and common database; mutual support and assistance in preserving collection strains; implementation of joint complex research projects using bioresource collections of microorganisms; genetic and technological solutions for scaling biotechnological processes.