Society andSecurity Insights № 1 2022 24

Научная статья / Research Article

УДК 316.34

DOI: 10.14258/SSI(2022)1-02

Peacekeeping as aTool ofKazakhstan’s Foreign Policy

Assylkhan А. Kosdauletov1, Saniya М. Nurdavletova2

1, 2 L.N. Gumilev Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan,

1a.k.kz.ast@gmail.com,

2saniyanm83@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1826-7398

Abstract: Unresolved geopolitical conicts that have emerged since the end ofWorld War

II are changing the architecture ofGlobal Security. is contributes tothe further deterioration

ofexisting ones and provokes the emergence ofnew hotbeds oftension around the world. Ab-

sence ofpossibility to resolve the situation between two conicting parties requires involving

athird party, who would act as amediator with the ability toresolve it, using certain tools, such

as peacekeeping operations. Not only internal, but also external factors that have adirect impact

on peacemaking have contributed tothe development oftoday’s peacekeeping as amechanism

for conict resolution. Emerging conicts are becoming more complex, and the approach ofpar-

ticipants has changed, as well as the attitude towards peacekeepers. Growing globalization erases

borders making them more transparent, and encourages States torespond more actively toevents

that are taking place inother countries. Involvement insuch conicts has allowed some “actors”

touse peacekeeping as apolitical tool topromote their own interests inconict zones. ese goals

are not always positive for the parties directly involved inthe conict situation. e achievement

oftheir goals by the third parties involved can sometimes be radical, which inthe end can further

worsen the overall unstable existing state between the conicting parties. Kazakhstan, despite

the fact that it is a“newcomer” inthe eld ofpeacekeeping, also has the opportunity topromote

its initiatives inthe international arena through peacekeeping. e article discusses Kazakhstan’s

activities inthis area, as well as possible ways toachieve these goals.

Keywords: peacekeeping, peace enforcement, foreign policy, UN mandate, peace operation

types, Kazakhstan, UN, CIS

For citation: Kosdauletov А.А., Nurdavletova S.M. (2022). Peacekeeping as aTool ofKazakh-

stan’s Foreign Policy. Society and Security Insights, 5(1), 24–33. (In Russ.). doi: 10.14258/ssi(2022)1-02.

Интеграция ибезопасность встранах Азиатского региона 25

Миротворческая деятельность

как инструмент внешней политики Казахстана

Асылхан Адилханович Косдаулетов 1,

Сания Моряковна Нурдавлетова 2

1, 2 Евразийский национальный университет им. Л.Н. Гумилева, Нур-Султан, Казахстан,

1a.k.kz.ast@gmail.com,

2saniyanm83@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1826-7398

Аннотация: Неразрешенные геополитические конфликты, возникшие после окон-

чания Второй мировой войны, меняют архитектуру глобальной безопасности. Это спо-

собствует дальнейшему ухудшению существующих ипровоцирует возникновение новых

очагов напряженности по всему миру. Отсутствие возможности разрешить ситуацию

между двумя конфликтующими сторонами требует привлечения третьей стороны, ко-

торая выступала бы вкачестве посредника, способного разрешить ее, используя опреде-

ленные инструменты, такие как операции поподдержанию мира. Не только внутренние,

но и внешние факторы, оказывающие непосредственное влияние на миротворчество,

способствовали развитию современного миротворчества как механизма урегулирования

конфликтов. Конфликты становятся все более сложными, иподход участников изменился,

как иотношение кмиротворцам. Растущая глобализация стирает границы, делая их более

прозрачными, ипобуждает государства более активно реагировать на события, проис-

ходящие вдругих странах. Участие втаких конфликтах позволило некоторым «акторам»

использовать миротворчество вкачестве политического инструмента для продвижения

своих интересов взонах конфликтов. Эти цели невсегда являются положительными для

конфликтующих сторон. Достижение своих целей третьими сторонами порой может быть

радикальным, что вконечном итоге может усугубить текущее состояние между конфлик-

тующими сторонами. УКазахстана, несмотря нато что он является «новичком» всфере

миротворческой деятельности, также существует возможность продвижения своих ини-

циатив намеждународной арене через миротворчество. В статье обсуждается деятель-

ность Казахстана вэтой сфере, атакже возможные пути достижения этих целей.

Ключевые слова: миротворчество, принуждение кмиру, внешняя политика, мандат

ООН, виды миротворческих операций, Казахстан, ООН, СНГ

Для цитирования: Косдаулетов А.А., Нурдавлетова С.М. Миротворческая деятельность

как инструмент внешней политики Kазахстана // Society and Security Insights. 2022. Т. 5, № 1.

С.24–33. doi: 10.14258/ssi(2022)1-02.

Introduction

In a rapidly changing world, new challenges are emerging that are increasing-

ly widening the ri inthe global security architecture. International terrorism, drug

crime, climate change, illegal migration, and the growing gap between rich and poor

are becoming additional “triggers” for the destabilization ofthe peaceful coexistence

ofpeoples and the emergence ofnew hotbeds ofarmed conict. Without the joint eorts

ofthe international community, it will become more dicult tofurther cope with these

and many other challenges further. In this context, the United Nations, as one ofthe

Society andSecurity Insights № 1 2022 26

most eective tools for existing collective security systems, should concentrate all its

member states’ capabilities toeectively address these challenges.

However, it is impossible todeny the attempts ofsome “actors” toprevent the forma-

tion ofa polycentric world, touse the factor offorce tounilaterally establish their own in-

terests and strengthen their security at the expense ofthe security ofothers. ese actions

unfortunately lead tofurther escalation oftensions at the global and regional levels.

In this context, Kazakhstan, which contributes toensuring global security within

the framework ofits obligations as aresponsible UN member, needs topay special at-

tention tofurther strengthening its global security position. By doing this, Kazakhstan’s

authority will be strengthened on the world stage. Additional opportunities could be

aorded Nur-Sultan topromote national interests on the foreign policy platform.

Development ofKazakhstan’s Peacekeeping Potential

from the Moment ofIndependence Until 2014

In 1992, the civil war began inTajikistan. Some countries ofthe Сommonwealth

ofIndependent States (CIS), namely Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan,

seeing this as athreat, jointly organized apeacekeeping campaign on the Tajik-Afghan

border (Serrano, 2013: 156–183).

For this purpose, aseparate consolidated rie battalion ofup to500 people was

created on the part ofKazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan on avoluntary basis. During the

entire period, about 9,000 servicemen served inthe battalion; 46 ofthem were killed.

e largest irrecoverable losses occurred during the battle on April 7, 1995, where 17 sol-

diers were killed (Ocial site ofthe МОD ofthe RK, 2019). Although the missions that

took place during this war, insome moments were far from the peacekeeping standards

announced by the UN. is was the rst experience ofKazakhstan insuch activity. As

aresult, inDecember 1995 the government ofKazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan

signed an agreement for the creation ofa peacekeeping unit— the Central Asian Battal-

ion (CENTRASBAT).

Despite the fact that the CENTRASBAT was disbanded in1999, the UN recom-

mended the participants form their own peacekeeping unit. As result, only Kazakhstan

decided tofollow the advice and in2000 formed aKazakhstan Peacekeeping Battalion

(KAZBAT) (Stein, 2018: 257–271).

In the period from August 2003 toOctober 2008, inorder toimplement the inter-

national obligations ofthe Republic ofKazakhstan, the engineering and sapper detach-

ment ofthe KAZBAT carried out amission inIraq as part ofthe Stabilization Forces

ofthe international coalition led by the United States.

e main tasks ofthe contingent were search and destruction ofunexploded ord-

nance, and providing water supply points, water purication and medical care. In Octo-

ber 2008, due tothe end ofthe mission, the unit was returned toits homeland. During

the period ofparticipation inthe mission, one ocer was killed (Ocial site ofthe МОD

ofthe RK, 2020).

Since the beginning ofits mission, the detachment has neutralized more than four

million explosive objects and puried about 7,000 cubic meters ofdrinking water. More

Интеграция ибезопасность встранах Азиатского региона 27

than 500 explosive ordnance disposal specialists, including 70 eld water supply special-

ists, have been trained for the Iraqi security forces. Detachment doctors provided medi-

cal assistance tomore than 5,000 local citizens, mainly women and children aected by

terrorist acts.

e mission inIraq was carried out inaccordance with the UN Security Council

resolution, where the actions ofthe Kazakh military contingent were highly appreciated

by the world community. During the mission atotal ofabout 300 servicemen ofthe

Armed Forces ofthe Republic ofKazakhstan served, giving them invaluable experience

for having participated insuch operations.

Participation inUN Peacekeeping Operations Since 2014

In accordance with the decision of Parliament1, starting in 2014 the Armed

Forces ofthe Republic ofKazakhstan, including women, took part inUN missions

inWestern Sahara (MINURSO) and Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI)2 as military observers

(Sabekov, 2013).

e next major step inthe development ofKazakhstan’s peacekeeping potential

was the agreement ofthe Indian leadership3 tothe participation ofthe Kazakh peace-

keeping company, about 120 military personnel, as part ofthe Indian peacekeeping bat-

talion ofthe Armed Forces ofthe Republic inthe UN Interim Force inLebanon mission

(UNIFIL). erefore, inaccordance with the Resolution ofthe Parliament ofthe Repub-

lic ofKazakhstan4, 120 servicemen ofthe Armed Forces ofthe Republic ofKazakhstan

had participated inthe six-month mission that was conducted from October 31, 2018

until October 13, 2021. Nowadays, six Kazakh peacekeepers are participate inthe mis-

sion as part ofthe Indian Battalion. Since the participation, more than 500 servicemen

have supported this mission.

Within the framework ofthe UNIFIL mandate, the Kazakh peacekeeping contin-

gent performed the following tasks inits area ofresponsibility:

•on foot and mobile patrolling;

•organization ofthe work ofroadblocks;

•protection ofbases;

•daily combat training ofpersonnel involved inoperations.

1 Resolution ofthe Parliament ofthe Republic ofKazakhstan No. 15-V ofDecember 20, 2013 On the

proposals ofthe President ofthe Republic ofKazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev on sending officers ofthe

Armed Forces ofthe Republic ofKazakhstan toUnited Nations peacekeeping missions as military

observers.”

2 Since January 1, 2018, the UN mission inCôte d’Ivoire has been closed.

3 Technical arrangement between the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Kazakhstan and

the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of India to the Memorandum of understanding between

the Government ofthe Republic ofKazakhstan and the Government ofthe Republic ofIndia with

regard tojoint deployment tothe UNIFIL concerning arrangements for joint deployment ofa Kazakh

peacekeeping contingent as part ofIndian battalion inthe United Nations Interim Force inLebanon

(UNIFIL)— signed inAugust 21, 2018.

4 Resolution ofthe Parliament ofthe Republic ofKazakhstan dated June 15, 2018 No. 25-VI PRK “On

the proposals ofthe President ofthe Republic ofKazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev on sending servicemen

ofthe Armed Forces ofthe Republic ofKazakhstan toparticipate inUnited Nations missions”.

Society andSecurity Insights № 1 2022 28

In addition, in2019, defense ministries ofKazakhstan and Italy signed aTechnical

Agreement1, according towhich representatives ofthe Armed Forces ofthe Republic

ofKazakhstan participate inthe contingent ofthe Italian Armed Forces inthe UNIFIL.

us, two Kazakh ocers serve as sta ocers inthis six-month mission.

Peacemaking and Foreign Policy ofKazakhstan

Peacekeeping Activities for the Kazakhstan’s Foreign Policy

As part of the diversication of the Kazakhstan’s peacekeeping potential

peacekeeping training centers have been formed:

•Peacekeeping Training Center ofthe Ministry ofDefense (KAZCENT).

•e Demining Center ofArmed Forces ofthe Republic ofKazakhstan.

•e Military Medicine Сenter ofthe Ministry ofDefense ofthe Republic ofKazakhstan.

e centers conduct special coerces totrain military observers, sta ocers, med-

ical specialists, engineers-sappers.

erefore, for the rst time in2008, the Partnership for Peace Training Center (KA-

ZCENT) was established inthe Central Asian region and was recognized by the North At-

lantic Alliance as the 19th NATO Training and Educational Center “Partnership for Peace”.

e main purpose ofthe Center is totrain servicemen ofthe Armed Forces ofthe

Republic ofKazakhstan, NATO countries and partners toparticipate inpeacekeeping op-

erations by holding various regional and international seminars, courses and conferences.

In 2010, aer the accreditation ofthe course “Military English Terminology inMul-

tinational Operations Course”, KAZTSENT became afull-edged member ofthe “Part-

ner Training and Educational Centers”.

As aresult, the English language training for peacekeepers was annually organized

with support from United States and Great Britain.

In order to develop the capabilities of KAZCENT for peacekeeping training,

in2016 center was also included inthe international Association ofpeacekeeping Train-

ing Centers. Due toactivities aimed at training partner countries; military personnel

in2019, with the support ofpartner countries (USA and UK), the center received UN

certication for these courses: “UN Sta Ocers” and “UNProtectionofCivilians”.

In 2020, as part ofpeacekeeping development, and inorder toexpand the Armed

Forces ofthe Republic ofKazakhstan’s participation inpeacekeeping missions, the KA-

ZCENT was reorganized into the “Peacekeeping Training Center ofthe Ministry ofDe-

fense ofthe Republic ofKazakhstan” (KAZCENT). is action occurred without chang-

ing the main task ofthe KAZCENT totrain military and civilian personnel tasked with

peacekeeping missions/operations.

In addition toconducting special peacekeeping training for Kazakhstani peace-

keepers, the Center organizes courses for representatives offoreign states. So, inthe pe-

riod ofMay 17-28, 2021, acourse “UN Sta Ocers” was held at the Center, where repre-

sentatives ofKyrgyzstan, Great Britain, Spain and Mozambique took apart. Inaddition,

1 Technical Arrangement between the Ministry ofDefenсe ofthe Republic ofKazakhstan and the

Ministry of Defence of the Italian Republic on cooperation with in the operation “United Nations

Interim Force inLebanon” (UNIFIL)— signed inFebruary 27, 2019.

Интеграция ибезопасность встранах Азиатского региона 29

on November 8-19, 2021, the course “UN ProtectionofCivilians” was held with the

participation of representatives ofGermany, Bangladesh, Brazil, Mozambique, Niger,

Nigeria, the UAE, Kyrgyzstan, Finland and Mauritania.

Since 2011, the sta ofthe Military Medicine Center trains the medical personnel

ofArmed Forces ofthe Republic ofKazakhstan.

Nowadays, together with the Regional Representation ofthe International Com-

mittee ofthe Red Cross, several training courses are held at the Center:

1) rst aid training;

2) rst aid instructor training;

3) course “Emergency medical actions for extensive injuries”;

4) course “Military eld surgery, actions for mass receipts”.

In 2019, with support ofthe U.S. Department ofDefense, the Center’s “Interna-

tional trauma life support” course was certied tofulll arequirement for joining the

international trauma life support program (ITLS), and was awarded the status ofan

independent branch ofITLS1 organization.

In May 2019, the 5th International Partnership for Technology inPeacekeeping

Symposium, with the theme “Protection, Security and Trust” was held inNur-Sultan.

e Symposium was attended by the UN Under-Secretaries-General for Peacekeep-

ing Operations, Jean-Pierre Lacroix and support for the operations ofAtul Khare, as

well as more than 200 representatives from 70 countries, primarily from the States-sup-

pliers ofpeacekeeping forces.

During the event, issues related tomaking proposals on technological tools/inno-

vations that contribute tosafer and more eective activities inthe eld ofensuring peace

and stability were considered.

Another activity inpeacekeeping eld is the Kazakhstan armed forces’ joint exer-

cises with partner countries. One ofthem is Joint Peacekeeping Exercises “Steppe Eagle”

that was annually conducted together with armed forces ofthe United States and Great

Britain and certain other NATO members since 2003. e purpose ofthe exercise is

toimprove the practical skills ofcommanders and multinational headquarters support-

ing the peacekeeping operations’ organization, the organization ofinteraction between

foreign units and the management ofunits during peacekeeping operations.

During these exercises, in2017 KAZBAT reached the rst level ofNATO assess-

ment— an assessment ofthe status ofinteroperability with NATO forces.

Joint Peacekeeping Exercise “Steppe Eagle” is aunique event that is held not only

inCentral Asia, but also intraining centers inGermany and the UK, which is gaining

great authority among the partners ofmilitary cooperation ofKazakhstan. Additionally,

this event allows the armed forces ofthe United States and Great Britain tobuild rapport

with Kazakh army personnel as well strengthening ties with Kazakhstan.

Prospects for the Development ofPeacekeeping

With the development ofa multipolar world order, Kazakhstan is practicing amul-

ti-vector foreign policy because it is located between two great powers— Russia and

1 ITLS has about 140 branches and 90 training centers around the world.

Society andSecurity Insights № 1 2022 30

China. Kazakhstan has toconduct foreign policy insuch away as not toget closer toone

ofthe sides, but tobalance between them (Vanderhill et al., 2020: 975–993).

Aer the collapse ofthe USSR, Kazakhstan’s relationship with Russia remained very

close. In order tomoderate its relationship with Russia, Kazakhstan began cooperation

with China toinclude having established the framework ofthe Shanghai Cooperation

Organization (SCO). e potential Sino-Russian conict ofinterests forced Kazakhstan

toseek athird party, which was the United States. However, with the weakening ofUS

inuence inthe region and with the growing inuence ofIndia on the countries ofCen-

tral Asia, Kazakhstan, following amulti-vector foreign policy, began cooperation with

India through apeacekeeping policy: aKazakh detachment of120 people participated

inthe Indian contingent inUNIFIL (Schlegel, 2021: 107–124).

is example shows that inorder tocontinue tosuccessfully pursue amulti-vec-

tor foreign policy, Kazakhstan should further develop cooperation with other countries

tofoster peacemaking, and toallow it tospread its sphere ofinuence while also earning

prestige on the world stage. is is one ofKazakhstan’s key foreign policy strategies.

Kazakhstan considers UN peacekeeping activities as an important element ofmain-

taining and strengthening international stability, and its security is closely linked toen-

suring global security.

Participation inUN peacekeeping operations contributes tothe further develop-

ment ofdialogue with the Organization. It is an eective tool for positioning Kazakh-

stan as amember ofthe international community, while also seeking tomake asystem-

atic contribution tothe maintenance ofinternational peace and security.

Additionally, it gives Kazakhstan’s military personnel the opportunity togain in-

valuable experience inpeacekeeping operations, receive training inelite advanced mili-

tary powers’ military units, and increases their combat readiness tosupport the mitiga-

tion ofpossible regional conicts.

e main tasks ofKazakhstan inthis endeavor:

1. e main task ofparticipating inUN peacekeeping operations is topreserve and

strengthen the achieved image ofKazakhstan as apeacekeeper state, as aneutral state that

contributes tothe resolution ofconicts and does not pursue any selsh interests, as aState

that the international community can trust completely. It is very important that as amember

ofthe United Nations, and as the leader ofthe Organization, that the world continues tohave

ahigh opinion ofour country, which we have achieved and want tomaintain. One ofthe

basic principles ofpeacekeeping is the impartiality and neutrality ofthe participating States.

2. Greater involvement in peacekeeping has certain economic benets for our

country too. Kazakhstan, with its military potential, could organize the supply ofmil-

itary equipment to the UN on a paid basis for conducting peacekeeping operations

incountries aected by conict. e main condition for the sale ofKazakh military

equipment should be its competitiveness, proven incombat operations and aordable

price. Kazakhstan could use its military equipment inpeacekeeping operations inorder

todemonstrate its high quality tothe UN. Kazakhstan, as aneutral state that does not

have any specic interests inmilitary conicts, will have an advantage inacquiring U. N.

equipment that meets the above parameters.

Интеграция ибезопасность встранах Азиатского региона 31

3. Based on the experience ofthe Kazakh armed forces inprevious missions, and

existing demands ofthe UN for engineering services and medical support, Kazakh ex-

perts could participate inthe rehabilitation process inpost-conict nations, including

infrastructure rehabilitation and development.

In order torealize these goals Kazakhstan’s armed forces need toexercise its poten-

tial and capabilities. For example, Kazakhstan’s military engineers have the necessary

equipment and means ofengineering weapons; they can perform complex tasks that

require professional personnel training. In addition, military medical personnel pro-

vide care tomilitary personnel and their families. Furthermore, insupport ofpandemic

strategies tolimit the spread ofthe COVID-19 coronavirus, military medical person-

nel provided services toour country’s civilian population. Moreover, inAugust 2020

agroup ofKazakh armed forces medical specialists provided assistance tovictims ofthe

explosion that occurred inLebanon’s capital Beirut.

Cycle ofTraining ofPeacekeepers.

Цикл подготовки миротворцев

4. It is economically advantageous for Kazakhstan tocompensate the UN for the

costs ofsending its military personnel toparticipate inpeacekeeping operations. Accord-

ing tothe uniform rate approved by the UN General Assembly, compensation is US $

Society andSecurity Insights № 1 2022 32

1,428 per soldier per month (as ofJuly 1, 2019), and compensation is also provided for

national military armament and equipment used inUN missions. It will also provide an

opportunity tocompensate for the nancial resources spent by Kazakhstan, the annual

contributions ofUN partner members, as part ofits cooperation obligations with the UN.

5. Constant participation and development ofour own centers for training peace-

keepers inKazakhstan raises our prestige inthe eyes ofthe organization. Building afull

cycle ofthe “Peacekeeping Training Cluster” will bring these centers tothe regional level

inthe short term and further tothe world level (Fig. 1).

is will help toattract foreigners toseek peacekeeping training at these centers,

which inturn will allow them tounderstand the life inKazakhstan. Knowledge ofKa-

zakhstan’s culture, traditions and general life will form acertain understanding about

Kazakhstan, as an independent and peaceful state, and establish certain attitude toward

our country and its people.

Conclusion

e development ofthe peacekeeping potential opens up new opportunities and

prospects for Kazakhstan, both economically and politically. is will make it possible

inthe future toconsider peacekeeping activities as an instrument ofpolitical inuence

for certain states and regions, inorder topromote our own interests.

e establishment and further development of“Peacekeeping Training Clusters”

could be the rst step inthe near future for achieving these goals.

References

Serrano A. S. (2003). ‘CIS Peacekeeping inTajikistan’, inJ. Mackinlay and P. Cross (eds.),

Regional Peacekeepers: e Paradox ofRussian Peacekeeping, (pp. 156–183). Tokyo: Unit-

ed Nations University Press.

Ocial site ofthe Ministry ofDefense ofthe Republic ofKazakhstan. (2019). URL: https://

www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mod/press/news/details/uvazhaemye-veterany-uchast-

niki-lokalnyh-voyn?lang=ru. (In Russ.).

Stein M. (2018). “e History ofCentral Asian Peacekeepers: e Development ofKa-

zakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan’s Peacekeeping Units by Fits and Starts”. e Jour-

nal ofSlavic Military Studies, 3, 257–271. doi:10.1080/13518046.2018.1451120.

Ocial site of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2020)/ URL:

https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mod/press/news/details/kazahstanskie-mirot-

vorcy-v-irake-zapadnoy-sahare-kot-divuare-i-livane?lang=ru. (In Russ.).

Sabekov S. (2013). e parliament supported Nazarbayev’s proposal to send ocers of

the Kazakhstani Armed Forces to participate in UN missions as observers. URL: https://

www.inform.kz/ru/parlament-podderzhal-predlozhenie-n-nazarbaeva-o-naprav-

lenii-v-kachestve-nablyudateley-oficerov-vs-rk-dlya-uchastiya-v-missiyah-oon_

a2615079. (In Russ.).

Vanderhill, R., Joireman, S., & Tulepbayeva, R. (2020). Between the bear and the dragon:

multivectorism in Kazakhstan as a model strategy for secondary powers. International

Aairs, 96(4), 975 -993. doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa061.

Интеграция ибезопасность встранах Азиатского региона 33

Schlegel, S. (2021). Kazakhstan as a Provider of International Security: Rationales Be-

hind the Peacekeeping Deployment to UNIFIL. In: Central Asia Aer ree Decades of

Independence (pp. 107 -124). doi.org/10.5771/9783748924845-107.

Current and Emerging Uniformed Capability Requirements for United Nations

Peacekeeping : Ocial Site of the UN. URL: https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/cur-

rent-and-emerging-uniformed-capability-requirements-united-nations-peacekeeping.

Ocial site ofthe Ministry ofDefense ofthe Republic ofKazakhstan (2020). URL: https://

www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mod/press/news/details/92276?langru. (In Russ.).

Information about the Authors / Информация об авторах

Assylkhan А. Kosdauletov— Enrolled as aGraduate student inInternational Relation

at the L. N. Gumilev Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.

Асылхан Адилханович Косдаулетов— магистрант направления международ-

ных отношений, Евразийский национальный университет им. Л.Н. Гумилева,

Нур-Султан, Казахстан.

Saniya М. Nurdavletova — Associated Professor at the Department of International

Relation, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.

Сания Моряковна Нурдавлетова— канд. ист. наук, доцент кафедры междуна-

родных отношений, Евразийский национальный университет им. Л. Н. Гумилева,

Нур-Султан, Казахстан.

Статья поступила вредакцию 9.02.2022;

одобрена после рецензирования 1.03.2022;

принята кпубликации 10.03.2022.

The article was submitted 9.02.2022;

approved after reviewing 1.03.2022;

accepted for publication 10.03.2022.