Интеграция ибезопасность в странах Азиатского региона 47
Научная статья / Research Article
УДК 316.34
DOI: 10.14258/SSI(2022)2-03
Межэтнические отношения
и миграционная ситуация вАлтайском крае
(по материалам социологического исследования)
Екатерина Владимировна Шахова1,
Светлана Геннадьевна Максимова2
1,2Алтайский государственный университет, Барнаул, Россия
1 EWS05@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1980-2989
2svet-maximova@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4613-4966
Аннотация. , , -
, , . -
.
--
, ,
. -
-
.
. -
: , -
;
, .
. , -
(n=400)
. -
- ( SPSS 23.0). ,
, - ,
; -
-
, , ; -
.
, , , -
-
, , .
Society andSecurity Insights № 2 2022 48
Ключевые слова: , , ,
, , ,
Финансирование: -
FZMW-2020-0001 « ,
: ».
Для цитирования: Шахова Е. В., Максимова С.Г. Межэтнические отношения имиграцион-
ная ситуация вАлтайском крае (по материалам социологического исследования) // Society and
Security Insights. 2022. Т. 5, №2. С.47–63. doi: 10.14258/ssi(2022)2-03.
Interethnic Relations and Migration Situation
in Altai Territory Based on Sociological Research
Ekaterina V. Shakhova 1,
Svetlana G. Maksimova2
1Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia,
EWS05@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1980-2989
2Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia,
svet-maximova@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4613-4966
Abstract. Issues concerning interethnic relations inthe Russian Federation as a multinational
state, are relevant. ey are especially important inthe border regions ofthe country. Scienti c
analysis of ways and mechanisms ofharmonization ofinterethnic relations is ofgreat impor-
tance for maintaining the socio-political, economic stability ofmodern society, as well as social
harmony inthe region. e following indicators are considered: the speci cs ofnational iden-
tity (the degree ofcloseness with people ofthe same nationality, the risk ofdissolving into the
culture ofother peoples); changes ininterethnic relations inthe region over the past ve years;
access to public bene ts for people ofdi erent nationalities (receiving guaranteed social, medical,
educational services, chances ofemployment, developing their business, holding high positions
ingovernment); attitudes towards migrants and the migration situation ingeneral (the region’s
residents’ assessments ofmigrants living inthe region, attitudes towards them, the need to attract
them to the region and support them by the Russian government, possible measures to establish
good neighborly relations between migrants and the local population, the role ofnational dias-
poras inharmonizing such relations, the impact ofpopulation migration on the situation inthe
region as a whole). e practical value ofthe study lies inthe presentation ofcurrent assessments
ofresidents ofAltai krai about interethnic relations and the migration situation inthe region. e
empirical basis is the data from a sociological study implemented inthe Altai krai (n = 400) by the
research team ofthe Altai State University. e obtained data were analyzed using the methods
ofmathematical and statistical data processing (SPSS 23.0 statistical package). It is noted that peo-
ple who have experienced the spread ofinfringement ofrights due to nationality are more likely
than others to be at risk oflosing their nationality; inthe absence ofa su cient number ofchances
to receive high-quality free education, medical care, social services; negative attitudes towards mi-
grants. e regional situation inthe sphere ofinterethnic relations is not acute and tense, however,
Интеграция ибезопасность в странах Азиатского региона 49
regular monitoring, a set ofmeasures aimed at establishing friendly relations between di erent
nationalities, between migrants and the population inthe Altai krai.
Keywords: interethnic relations, national identity, migration, migration situation, attitude to
migrants, national diasporas, Altai krai
Financial Support: the work was carried out within the framework ofthe state task ofthe
Ministry ofScience and Higher Education ofthe Russian Federation FZMW-2020-0001 „Human
capital, migration and security: transformation inthe new migration conditions inCentral Asia“.
For citation: Shahova, E.'V., Maksimova, S.'G. (2022). Interethnic Relations and Migration Situation
inAltai Territory Based on Sociological Research. Society and Security Insights, 5(2), 47–63. (In Russ.).
doi: 10.14258/ssi(2022)2-03.
Введение
-
- ( -
, , ,
, , -
). , , -
, . -
, . ., . , . . -,
(Malinowski, 1944, Merton, 1968,
Parsons, 1973, Radcli e-Brown,1973).
-
, , .
, -
,
1. «
,
, , -
. , -
,
» (, 22).
-
«
,
, -
, ,
» (, 218).
. . , -
(. . , . . , . . , . . -
1 Стратегия государственной национальной политики Российской Федерации на период
до2025 года // Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации. URL: http://pravo.gov.ru/
proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102161949.
Society andSecurity Insights № 2 2022 50
, . . , . . , . . , . . , . . ,
. .), ,
-
(, 22).
-
(, 214, , 22, , 219, , 221). -
-
(Kunovski, Pomortseva, 221).
() — -
() ,
- (
) (, 221). -
, -
(, 216). , -
,
. , -
, (,
218).
,
.
Методы исследования
-
-
. : -
( ,
);
; -
( , ,
, , ,
);
( ,
, -
, -
,
,
).
-
,
FZMW-22-1 « ,
:
». -
Интеграция ибезопасность в странах Азиатского региона 51
(-
).
-
,
, -
18–7, . , -
, -
( SPSS 23.): , -
.
4 (63,4% , 36,6% ),
86,%— , 6,7% -
, 7,3% .
Результаты исследования иобсуждение
, -
. -
, ,
, - :
, -
(, 218). ,
. 22 . -
67 865 ., 65 449 . ( 56 72 .— -
, 8747.— )1.
-
.
, , . -
-
.
,
:
48,1% , 32,7%— -
, 11,1% , 8,1% -
(. 1).
, , -
( , -
, ) (76,4%).
, (— 2,7%,
— 44,5%), , -
- (71,4%) (. 1).
1 Миграция населения Алтайского края // Управление Федеральной службы государственной
статистики поАлтайскому краю иРеспублике Алтай. URL: https://akstat.gks.ru/folder/33247.
Society andSecurity Insights № 2 2022 52
1— , %.
Figure 1— e degree offeeling ofcloseness with representatives ofthe same nationality, %.
1.
- , %
Table 1.
e risk oflosing national identity, depending on nationality and
cases ofinfringement ofrights due to nationality, %
Рискуете ли Вы утратить свою национальную идентичность Рискую Не рискую
76,4 23,6
20,7 79,3
44,5 55,5
31,1 68,9
-
71,4 28,6
18,1 81,9
, -
, 8,3% . -
( — 3,6%, —
6,5%, — 33,3%).
Интеграция ибезопасность в странах Азиатского региона 53
2.
- , %
Table 2.
Agreement with the statements, depending on cases
ofinfringement ofrights due to nationality, %
Случаи ущемления прав из-за национальности Таких случаев
небыло
Такие случаи
были
,
80,5 67,9
19,5 32,1
73,9 46,4
26,1 53,6
,
,
(13,7% , , 63,2%— -
, 2,8%— , 2,3%— ). -
,
, -
216–22 ., 22 . -
.
-
, , , -
(, 22). -
,
-
. «
»
3,2%; « ,
»— 24,1% . , -
- -
(. 2). , «
» (49,3%).
-
. , -
-
( 7,4% ),
(67,%), (59,3%),
(54,9%). , -
Society andSecurity Insights № 2 2022 54
-
(53,7% 56,3% ) (. 2).
2—
, %.
Figure 2— Estimates ofresidents ofthe region on the access
ofpeople ofdi erent nationalities to public goods, %.
-
, , -
( ), ,
- (. 3).
-
. -
(Liu, 212).
, , -
— ,
(74,2%) (. 3).
— -
, (62,6%), 8,7%— ,
, , 28,7%
, . -
(52,4%),
, , (34,6%), ,
(13,%). ,
,
Интеграция ибезопасность в странах Азиатского региона 55
- , ,
(. 4). . . , -
,
, , .
-
(, -
,
), ( -
),
: «
, -
, » (, 221). -
, -
, - -
, -
, -
(, 221).
3.
- , %
Table 3.
Estimates ofresidents ofthe region on access to public goods, depending on
nationality and cases ofinfringement ofrights due to nationality, %
Шансы улюдей
разных нацио-
нальностей
Национальная принадлежность Случаи ущемления прав
из-за национальности
русские другие наци-
ональности
смешанная
идентич-
ность
таких случа-
ев небыло
такие слу-
чаи были
73,4 52,0 55,6 73,2 55,6
24,5 36,0 29,6 22,1 44,4
2,1 12,0 14,8 4,7 0,0
68,3 52,0 65,5 70,8 42,3
26,3 48,0 24,1 22,0 57,7
5,3 0 10,3 7,2 0,0
61,0 42,3 60,7 63,3 50,0
29,0 46,2 21,4 22,6 50,0
10,0 11,5 17,9 14,1 0,0
Society andSecurity Insights № 2 2022 56
3— , %.
Figure 3— Estimates ofthe residents ofthe region about migrants living inthe region, %.
4.
-
, %
Table 4.
Attitude towards migrants, depending on the infringement ofrights
due to nationality and the risk oflosing nationality, %
Как Вы относитесь кмигрантам
вВашем регионе? Отрицательно Равнодушно Положительно
13,0 52,4 34,6
-
11,7 56,0 32,4
28,6 53,6 17,9
35,0 40,0 25,0
24,0 54,7 21,3
11,5 53,8 34,6
7,2 51,9 40,9
,
(68,7%), 31,3% , . -
, -
( ,
, .),
-
, , , , (-
, ,
.) (. 5). -
,
Интеграция ибезопасность в странах Азиатского региона 57
-
, . ,
-
, ,
.
— -
, , -
,
(, 213).
5.
, %
Table 5.
e impact ofpopulation migration on the situation inthe region, % ofobservations
Положительное Процент на-
блюдений Отрицательное Процент на-
блюдений
44,4
«» -
27,7
, -
40,6
26,6
32,0
-
20,8
12,2
17,0
-
-
10,9
15,7
--
8,9
-
12,7
(IT-, -
)
4,6 -
12,2
-
(-
)
Society andSecurity Insights № 2 2022 58
(, 217). , -
,
:
,
(41,8% ), -
,
(35,1% ), , -
(29,2% ), -
,
(24,8% ).
4,7% .
,
: -
, (48,9% -
), , -
— (35,% ),
, (29,8% ).
-
,
, , . « -
-
, ,
» (, 219: 33). -
-, -
, (-
, 22). , ,
, , , ,
,
( 34,5% );
(27,5% ); -
(17,9% ). ,
, -
, ,
(34,% ), -
(17,9% ),
(11,7%).
, , -
. ,
, , -
.
-
.
Интеграция ибезопасность в странах Азиатского региона 59
,
, (-
…, 219). -
, -
.
Заключение
,
, , , -
.
:
,
;
; .
: -
,
.
, ,
. -
, , -
,
, ,
.
СПИСОК ИСТОЧНИКОВ
. ., . . -
// . 214.
7 (363). .12–112.
. ., . . -
// Society and Security Insights. 219. 1.
.31–41.
. . // -
. . 1. . : - , 22.
.41–45.
. . -
. , -
//
(19 217 ., . ) / . . . . .: , 218. 315 .
. ., . ., . ., . .
: (-
) // .
Society andSecurity Insights № 2 2022 60
1: : , , , , -
, . 217. 4 (29). .17-179.
. ., . . -
// . 22. 3. .12–29. DOI: 1.25136/249-
7144.22.3.31639.
. . // -
. 22. 1(22). .76–79.
. ., . ., . . -
-
// Siberian Socium. 219. . 3, 2. .18–34. DOI: 1.21684/2587-
8484-219-3-2-18-34.
. ., . ., . . -
- //
. 213. 11(19). .123–127.
, -
:
219 / . . ., . ., . . . ; :
, 22. 174 .
. . //
. 221. 1-2. .53–68.
. . :
// «
» / . . . . . : , 221. .55–57.
. ., . ., . . -
// Society and Security Insights. 218. 1(3).
.134–15. DOI: https://doi.org/1.14258/ssi(218)3-8.
. . -
// . 216. 11 (95). .6–62.
. . -
// . 22. . 28, 3. .87–91.
DOI: https://doi.org/1.31171/vlast.v28i3.7315.
. ., . . : -
// . 218. 2 (1). .145–149.
. ., . . -
// Society and
Security Insights. 22. 3. .134–145.
. . // -
- ().
COVID-19. 221. 1.
.9–16. DOI: 1.19181/INAB.221.1.1.
. . : -
// :
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. 22. 4 (158). .499–52. DOI: 1.14515/monitoring.22.4.126.
Kunovski M. N., Pomortseva N. V. Phenomenon ofe ective interethnic interaction as an
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Liu J. H. A Cultural Perspective on Intergroup Relations and Social Identity // Online
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Malinowski B. A Scienti c eory ofCulture, and Other Essays. University ofNorth
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Merton R. K. Social eory and Social Structure. New York: e Free Press. 1968.
Parsons . Some A erthoughts on «Gemeinscha and Gesellscha » // A New Evaluation.
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ИНФОРМАЦИЯ ОБАВТОРАХ/ INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHORS
— - -
-, - , -
, . , .
Ekaterina V. Shakhova— laboratory researcher ofthe Research and Development Sup-
port Department, Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia.
— - . , , .
,
, . , .
Svetlana G. Maksimova— Dr. Sci. (Sociology), Professor, head. Department ofSocial
and Youth Policy, Institute for the Humanities, Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia.
Статья поступила вредакцию 24.04.2022;
одобрена после рецензирования 15.05.2022;
принята кпубликации 20.05.2022.
The article was submitted 24.04.2022;
approved after reviewing 15.05.2022;
accepted for publication 20.05.2022.
