Society andSecurity Insights № 4 2022 90

Научная статья / Research Article

УДК 332.12; 338.001.36

DOI: 10.14258/SSI(2022)4-05

Города исельская периферия:

ключевые тенденции цифровизации

Мария Андреевна Груздева

Вологодский научный центр Российской академии наук, Вологда, Россия,

mariya_antonovarsa@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-8759-4953

Аннотация.       

        -

.       -

   ,   ,  

   .     -

 ,     . -

     ,   

       -

    .    

 ,       

,  ,      -

,   .    

     ,   -

,   ,  ,  -

   . ,    

   ,   ,  

 7        . 

      

     .   -

     - -

,     , 

 -   (  

,   ,      -

       ).

Ключевые слова: ,  , , , ,

 

Финансирование:      , 

 22-28-01986 «    :  

      ».

Для цитирования: Груздева М.ãА. Города исельская периферия: ключевые тенденции циф-

ровизации // Society and Security Insights. 2022. Т. 5, № 4. С. 90–107. doi: 10.14258/ssi(2022)4-05.

Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 91

Cities and Rural Periphery: Key Digitalization Trends

Mariya A. Gruzdeva

Vologda Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vologda, Russia,

mariya_antonovarsa@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-8759-4953

Abstract. Digitalization processes for leveling the quality of life and opportunities inlarge

settlements and remote peripheries are extremely important. e modern possibilities of digital

services are a signicant catalyst for the development of economic activity, social sectors, bringing

a number of important advantages toeveryday life. At the same time, various factors that deter-

mine the digital divide inmodern Russia are signicant. In this study, attention is drawn tothe

spatial feature, the goal was tohighlight the key trends inthe digitalization of various spheres of

human life incities and rural periphery. e information base is represented by available statisti-

cal data obtained inthe course of monitoring the digital practices of the population, commercial

organizations, inparticular, agricultural and forestry, and social institutions. Concluded that ag-

ricultural organizations lag behind others inthe digital development of internal processes. is

is reected ina lower number of employees with information and communication competencies,

little experience inusing ICT infrastructure, simplied practices for online interaction with sup-

pliers and consumers (mainly information search, electronic settlements with suppliers, while

placing an order and receiving payment from the buyer less than a third of organizations carry

out inthe network).

Keywords: cities, rural areas, periphery, digitalization, internet, regions of Russia

Financial Support: the work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project 

22-28-01986 «Cities and rural periphery incontemporary Russia: key trends and risks of trans-

formation of employment interms of spatial development of territories».

For citation: Gruzdeva, M. A. (2022). Cities and Rural Periphery: Key Digitalization Trends. Society

and Security Insights, 5(4), 90–107. (InRuss.). doi: 10.14258/ssi(2022)4-05.

Введение

     

       -

  .   -

,   199- .,    -

  (, , 212).   -

  ,    

,       

.        —

  « »,    .

     ,    

   .

     

 ,  ,   -

 ,     

Society andSecurity Insights № 4 2022 92

  ,   

.        -

  ,    -

,    ,   -

   ,    

  .      -

       

,     -

,     .

       -

       

 .

Эмпирическая база иметоды исследования

         -

,   ,  ,  «-

  »,  .   

  ,   ,  

    ,  -

 .

     , -

     «  », «

 », «   »

« :    

»,   « : --

 »,    .

Результаты

       -

   .   -

    35  ,   

     . 

         

 —      (

…, 218),—     

  ,    

  1.     -

      (Banerjee, Duo, Imbert,

Mathew, Pande, 216; Bannerjee, Banerji, Berry, Duo, Kannan, Mukherji, Shotland,

Walton, 217),  (Dudek, 27),     , -

  (Townsend, Wallace, Fairhurst, 215).  (Billon,

1 Цифровизация вмалых исредних городах России // НИУ ВШЭ. URL: https://files.data-economy.

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Marco, Lera-Lopez, 29) ,     

     .  -

      (   -

   /,   

 )     , 

    (Pohjola, 23;  . ., -

, 22). ,      -

  .     -

  ,      

.       

       

   (, , 218).

       -

,   .   ,   -

       -

,   ,   

;    —   -

     (Coyle,1999; ,

, 22; , 221).   ,   -

     ,  -

   ,  - 

(, 221),    (Christensen, Maskell, 23), -

     (,

22),      

    (, 222).  

     

   (, , 219).

      ,

     .   . .  (221),

,     

   ,   ,

    .  -

     .

       

       

 «— » (, , , 22).

      ( ,

  ;    ;  -

,      -

 ;  ,   ) ,

  -     -

 ,     .

-,  ,    -

Society andSecurity Insights № 4 2022 94

 ,   ,   -

 - .    -

        ( 

«— »)    . 

      1:

•       -

   ,    

    ,   -

       

       ;

•     -

      

( 218 .      14%   

 3,5% ,    ;   

 ,     );

• ,    : 

        ;

•    (   

 )     11–18% 

  .      -

     ,  -

  ,      

 ,    .

      -

 ,     

     ,

    .

Тенденции цифровизации повседневных практик населения в городских

исельских территориях

       -

    ,  

 . ,      

,         -

.    1    ,   18% 

  , 12%    -

  ,     ,

      (85% -

    9%  ),   ,

        ,  

 (49%; . 2).

1 На 2018 г.

Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 95

 1.

 ,    

,  ,   ( 

   ,  )

Table 1.

Households with personal computers and Internet access, Internet use, by

type of location (percentage of total number of households, of population)

 2015 2018 2019

 ,   

  76,8 76,2 73,6

  59,2 60,5 56,4

 ,    

  76,2 79,7 79,9

  59,2 67,1 67,7

   

  71,6 77,3 77,7

  51,9 60,7 60,9

 ,       

  74,1 83,4 85,3

  58,1 73,1 74,6

 ,   

  18,3 10,4 9,0

  34,5 19,7 18,8

      . 

    (56%)  ,    -

     68% 74%   -

 (. 1).       

   (. 2),      -

  .  ,  

,    ,   (19%).

      ,  -

  ,   «  », , 

    ,  , -

   7 .       -

      ,  

   .     

   — 8%.     -

     .

Society andSecurity Insights № 4 2022 96

 2.

      

 (    )

Table 2.

Places where the population uses the Internet inurban and

rural areas (percentage of total population)

   

2015 2018 2019 2015 2018 2019

 95,7 97,4 96,9 90,8 94,2 94,1

  34,7 45,4 49,3 25,4 33,8 37,0

   

(, , 

..)

12,1 24,6 36,1 4,7 9,9 16,6

 ,  11,8 20,3 30,8 11,3 19,8 31,6

   8,4 9,0 9,2 9,1 9,0 9,2

  « » 0,3 0,7 1,5 0,2 1,0 1,6

   0,7 1,1 1,3 0,4 0,5 0,7

   0,6 0,6 0,9 0,6 0,3 0,5

     

   ,   -,  

 .    «  -

    217–23 »  -

    25 5   ,

    -

    1.   

,   ,    

221 .,  14      , -

 — 23 .     -

 1–25 .2       21

.      823  

,    1 .    -

1 Указ Президента Российской Федерации от09.05.2017 № 203 «О Стратегии развития ин-

формационного общества вРоссийской Федерации на2017–2030 годы». URL: http://publication.

pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201705100002

2 Шадаев рассказал, когда подключат к интернету все деревни // Российская газета. URL:

https://rg.ru/2022/06/08/shadaev-rasskazal-kogda-podkliuchat-k-internetu-vse-derevni.html

3 82700 населенных пунктов счисленностью населения до100 человек, исключая обезлю-

денные. На момент подготовки статьи результаты Всероссийской переписи населения вчасти

группировки сельских населенных пунктов почисленности населения были недоступны.

Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 97

      -

    , , ,   

  -   -

 .      -

     ,   

      .

     , -

    .  

   : 219 .  76%  67% 

.  17%       -

 (62%  45% ; . 3),      -

        .

 3.

,    

    ,  

  (    )

Table 3.

Population interacting with government and local authorities toreceive services, by

mode of interaction and type of location (as a percentage of the total population)

   

2015 2018 2019 2015 2018 2019

—  49,6 75,3 76,5 36,8 65,6 66,6

 :

  (

  

 -

 )

21,8 58,3 61,7 8,0 43,1 44,6

  21,4 21,6 21,2 20,5 21,0 23,6

  

 -

  

()

7,5 19,1 22,0 6,0 20,9 24,2

  50,4 24,7 23,5 63,2 34,4 33,4

        -

      -

    «», 219 .   

61%,  — 53%. ,     -

     --

       (

     14,8%, — 25,6%).

Society andSecurity Insights № 4 2022 98

     

       ,

       

 .       , -

     .  -

          -

-      .

,          

45%  3,5%   .   

  , , ,   ,

 ,    

.  15%       -

 ( ,  ,  ), 12% 

  , 1%—  , .

     - -

  , ,  ( 13%),  

,      ( 12%).

Тенденции цифровизации экономики иотраслей социальной

сферы вгородских исельских территориях

     

 .      -

       -

 ,       

   .     -

      -

     , -

 .      

 ,  , ,  , 

     (, 219).

,       -

,    .   -

  85  ,     

     :   

  ,      

  :  ,   . 

 -   ,  

 -, ,       

   ,    -

 ,      (. 4).

,   ,   -

    (63%),   (46%). -

      —  

Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 99

  (57%)    (47%).  3% 

     . 

   19%  (    

). ,       -

,      

 .  1 .    

6 ,      — 229 (.

5).     .   -

      

.     64%  

  219 .       -

      

. 5,5%     -

. RFID-     

,        ,  

 ,    ,  

 .      -

    ,   -

      .

 4.

  ,  

   (  219 .)

Table 4.

Regions of the Russian Federation lagging behind inthe digital development

of commercial organizations (based on the results of 219)

    

,   

    

,  -

 , %  , %

Республика Тыва 79,7   29,6

Республика

Северная Осетия— Алания 72,0 Ростовская область 29,5

Чеченская Республика 71,3 Ставропольский край 28,7

Республика Дагестан 61,1   28,1

Республика Бурятия 28,0

  27,8

  26,9

Республика Башкортостан 26,8

  26,8

  26,7

Республика Крым 26,6

  26,4

Society andSecurity Insights № 4 2022 100

Алтайский край 26,2

  26,2

Астраханская область 26,0

Краснодарский край 25,8

Республика Мордовия 25,7

Саратовская область 25,7

  25,7

  25,7

  25,6

Чувашская Республика 25,5

Карачаево-Черкесская

Республика 25,4

Забайкальский край 25,1

Волгоградская область 25,0

Республика Хакасия 24,5

  24,5

Республика Марий Эл 24,3

Пензенская область 24,2

  24,0

  23,5

Оренбургская область 23,4

Республика Алтай 23,0

Удмуртская Республика 22,9

Республика Саха (Якутия) 22,6

Камчатский край 22,6

Амурская область 22,4

  22,1

Курганская область 21,0

  20,9

  20,8

Еврейская автономная

область 20,6

Республика Тыва 20,0

Республика Северная

Осетия— Алания 19,9

Республика Дагестан 12,8

Жирным       ( 30%);

курсивом —    (  

   ,  10%)

  :   

. 2020: . . ,  ;  : --

 . 2020, . . . 2020

Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 101

 5.

    ,

 , ,  

Table 5.

Characteristics of the digital development of organizations

inagriculture, forestry, hunting, shing and sh farming

  

   

 Специалисты поинформаци-

онным икоммуникационным

технологиям в организациях

повидам экономической дея-

тельности в2019 г. — 60 чел.

на10 тыс. работников

   (

— 55 . 10

. ) 

  

.

    -

  

  

229 . 10 . 

 Работники организаций,

использующие персональные

компьютеры,

сеть Интернет, портативные

устройства нереже одного раза

внеделю,

по видам экономической дея-

тельности в2019 г.

(в процентах отсреднесписоч-

ной численности работников

организаций):

  -

— 15,4 % .

 — 13,5%.

  

  

 .

    45%

 , 35%—

.

 

  -

  

,  -





 -



Организации, использующие

технологии электронного обме-

на данными

и технологии автоматиче-

ской идентификации объектов

(RFID),

по видам экономической дея-

тельности в2019 г.

(в процентах отобщего числа

организаций):

  —

64%

 

— 5,5%

    -

 — 67%

  -

  

;  -

  -

— 6,3%

Society andSecurity Insights № 4 2022 102

      

     :  -

       -

       

     -

  .       

    , -

       ,

 .       

        -

 ,     

 ,    .

 6.

  ,   

   (  219 .)

Table 6.

Regions of the Russian Federation lagging behind inthe digital

development of social organizations (according tothe results of 219)

    -

  -

  

  ( 

100 )

    

  

  





,







,





 -

)

 , %

Липецкая область 9   9,5

  9Республика Тыва 9,5

Астраханская область 9  9,4

Волгоградская область 9Ставропольский край 9,4

Республика Северная Осе-

тия— Алания 9Курская область 9,2

Республика Мордовия 9Республика Крым 9,2

Удмуртская Республика 9  9,0

Чувашская Республика 9Брянская область 8,8

  9  8,6

Пензенская область 9  8,4

Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 103

  9Удмуртская Республика 8,4

Алтайский край 9  8,4

  9  8,2

  9  8,1

Амурская область 9Курганская область 8,1

  9Республика Бурятия 8,1

  8Пензенская область 8,0

Курская область 8Алтайский край 8,0

Оренбургская область 8Ростовская область 7,8

Саратовская область 8  7,7

Республика Хакасия 8Республика Марий Эл 7,5

  8  7,3

  8Республика Ингушетия 7,0

  8Оренбургская область 7,0

  7Саратовская область 6,9

Кабардино-Балкарская

Республика 7Воронежская область 6,8

Республика Алтай 7  6,8

Орловская область 6Орловская область 6,7

Республика Адыгея 6  6,6

Краснодарский край 6  6,5

Карачаево-Черкесская Ре-

спублика 6Республика Адыгея 6,3

Чеченская Республика 6Астраханская область 6,0

Республика Марий Эл 6  5,9

Курганская область 6Республика Алтай 5,7

Республика Бурятия 6  5,5

Забайкальский край 6Забайкальский край 5,2

Брянская область 5Республика Башкортостан 4,7

Республика Крым 5Еврейская автономная

область 4,7

Республика Дагестан 5  4,3

Республика Тыва 5Республика Мордовия 4,1

  5   4,1

Республика Калмыкия 4Республика Северная Осе-

тия— Алания 3,7

Ставропольский край 4Краснодарский край 3,6

Республика Ингушетия 3Чеченская Республика 3,2

Волгоградская область 3,1

Ленинградская область 2,8

Республика Калмыкия 2,2

  1,9

Society andSecurity Insights № 4 2022 104

  1,7

- -

 1,6

Республика Дагестан 0,6

Жирным       ( 30%);

курсивом—    (  

   ,  10%)

. 2020: . . ,  ;  : --

 . 2020, . . . 2020

Заключение

 ,     

      , 

 - ,  , 

,       ,

   .     

      .

      

   .    

     -

 .       

 7       

  .     -

      

      .  -

,     , ,  -

    ,  

    .  -

      .

     -

 ,    ,  -

  , .     -

    .

СПИСОК ИСТОЧНИКОВ

. ., . .    -

   (   - 

 ) //   . 219.  3 (71). . 246–25.

 . .        -

 -  //  . 221. . 15,

 3. . 675–694. doi: 1.18334/ce.15.3.111767

. ., . .   

Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 105

 //  . 22.  5. . 66–88. DOI: 1.31857/

S1321625939-2

 . .      

   //   . 219.  4 (12).

. 55–71. DOI: 1.15838/ptd.219.4.12.3

 . .,  . .    --

  // . 212.  3. . 3–18.

 . .,  . .    

 :   //   .

22.  4 (29). . 1–11.

 . .,  . .     -

   //  . 218. . 1.  4 (32). . 17–27.

 . .   :   // -

  : , , . 221. . 14.  2.

.15–124. DOI: 1.15838/esc.221.2.74.7

 . .      -

   //  . 222. . 9,  7. . 1147–1166.

doi: 1.18334/et.9.7.11481.

 . .     -

:   // . . . 221.  3. .125–

132. doi: 1.14258/epb22147

 . .     //  -

 . 22.  6 (11). . 157–175. doi: 1.15838/ptd.22.6.11.1.

 . .,  . .,  . .   -

    //   . 22.

4 (18). . 7–19. DOI: 1.15838/ptd.22.4.18.1

 . .,  . .,  . .,  . .,  . .,

 . .,  . .    XXI . -

 . :  , 218. 275 .

Banerjee A., Duo E., Imbert C., Mathew S., Pande R. E-governance, Accountability,

and Leakage inPublic Programs: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Management

Reform inIndia // NBER Working Paper. 216. No. 2283. URL: https://www.nber.org/

papers/w2283.pdf

Bannerjee ., Banerji R., Berry J., Duo E., Kannan H., Mukherji S., Shotland M., Wal-

ton M. From Proof of Concept toScalable Policies: Challenges and Solutions, with an

Application // Journal of Economic Perspectives. 217. Vol. 31. No. 4. P. 73–12. DOI:

1.1257/jep.31.4.73.

Billon M., Marco R., Lera-Lopez F. Disparities inICT Adoption: a multidimensional

approach tostudy the cross-country digital divide // Telecommunications Policy. 29.

Vol. 33. Iss. 1–11. . 596–61. DOI: 1.116/j.telpol.29.8.6.

Christensen J., Maskell P. e Industrial dynamics of the new digital economy. London:

Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 23. 271 p.

Society andSecurity Insights № 4 2022 106

Coyle D. e Weightless World: Strategies for Managing the Digital Economy. Cam-

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Dudek H. Determinants of Access tothe Internet inHouseholds— Probit Model Anal-

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27. No. 11. . 51–56.

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1.18/1472541.214.97887

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ИНФОРМАЦИЯ ОБ АВТОРЕ / INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR

  — . . , . . ,  -

     , . , .

Mariya A. Gruzdeva— Cand. Sci (Economics), Senior Researcher, Deputy Head of the

Department, Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vologda,

Russia

Статья поступила вредакцию 01.09.2022;

одобрена после рецензирования 25.11.2022;

принята кпубликации 01.12.2022.

The article was submitted 01.09.2022;

approved after reviewing 25.11.2022;

accepted for publication 01.12.2022.