Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 91
Научная статья / Research Article
УДК 316.334.52
DOI: 10.14258/SSI(2023)4-06
Социальные противоречия малых территорий
Вологодской области: методика оценки
Елена Олеговна Смолева
Вологодский научный центр Российской академии наук, Вологда, Россия;
riolenas@rambler.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6452-1441
Аннотация.      -
  ,      
.       -
 ,   .     -
     ,  -
,   .     -
         
 .     
     .   
    ,    -
 ,      
2018–2022 .,       2021 ., -
     (n = 1500;   
5%).    -  10   .
      
   ,   , 
   .   
        -
  .  ,   -  -
       -
  ,     
   .
Ключевые слова: , ,  ,  
 ,  ,  
Финансирование:      
  (  23-28-01587 «   
:   »).
Для цитирования: Смолева Е. О. Социальные противоречия малых территорий Вологод-
ской области: методика оценки // Society and Security Insights. 2023. Т. 6, №4. С.91–107. doi:
10.14258/ssi(2023)4-06.
Society andSecurity Insights № 4 2023 92
Social Contradictions ofSmall Territories ofthe Vologda Oblast:
Assessment Methodology
Elena O. Smoleva
Vologda research Center ofthe Russian Academy ofSciences, Vologda, Russia;
riolenas@rambler.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6452-1441
Abstract. e relevance ofthe study is due to thegrowth ofthe urban population, for whom
thequality ofthe place ofresidence is ofparamount importance.  e quality and comfort ofthe
environment determine the competitiveness of municipalities, their sustainable development.
However, small territories ofRussia are characterized by thepresence ofpronounced social con-
tradictions, negative processes that hinder their development.  e purpose ofthe research stage
is to create an express methodology for assessing thestate ofa airs insmall territories inorder to
develop theright management strategies.  e methodological component ofthe work is devot-
ed to theassessment ofthe situation ofsmall territories and their typologies, data on domestic
assessment systems are provided.  e information base of the study: o cial data ofRosstat, a
database ofindicators ofmunicipalities, objective indicators ofthe Urban Environment Quality
Index for 2018–2022, data on thedevelopment ofsmall and medium-sized businesses for 2021,
a sociological survey ofthe population ofthe Vologda Oblast (n = 1500; sampling error does
not exceed 5%). 10 small towns ofthe region were selected to form therapid assessment meth-
odology.  e Vologda Oblast municipalities with favorable and unfavorable urban environment
have been identi ed, problem areas, including those related to demographic processes, have been
identi ed. Objective characteristics ofsmall towns inthe region are supplemented by theopinion
ofcitizens on theactivities for their improvement and development ofthe urban environment. It
is concluded that theindicators ofthe express methodology should be supplemented with studies
ofterritories, taking into account thedevelopment ofthe institutional environment and theactiv-
ity oflocal communities, thepossibilities ofcollaboration ofvarious actors insolving thesocial
contradictions ofsmall towns.
Keywords: social contradictions, region, urban environment, urban environment quality as-
sessment, quality oflife, assessment methodology
Financial Support: the work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project
23-28-01587 “Overcoming social contradictions ofsmall territories: participation ofthe local
community”.
For citation: Smoleva, E.О. (2023). Social Contradictions of Small Territories of the Vologda
Oblast: Assessment Methodology. Society and Security Insights, 6(4), 91–107. (In Russ.). doi: 10.14258/
ssi(2023)4-06.
      
,        , -
  .     -
,     ,
   ,    
Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 93
,   .   , ,  -
     ,  
  .       -
   (, -),
      (, ),
       « »,
      ,  
    , -
     .
       , 
 ,      -
.    22 ., 72%   
 ,    16  . 1
        -
     ,  -
.217.
,-
   ,    -
      .   
   «   -
   225 ».
      
  ,   -
,  ,  ,  -
    (, 219: 18).  
      -
 ,    , 
,      -
,       
.       -
    #c,   «-
 » ().
        -
 (, 22),
       
      . -
  -
       
 .       
   ,     
,   - , 
1 Итоги ВПН-2020. Т. 1. Численность иразмещение населения // Росстат. 2021. URL: https://rosstat.
gov.ru/vpn/2020/Tom1_Chislennost_i_razmeshchenie_naseleniya (дата обращения 10.08.2023).
Society andSecurity Insights № 4 2023 94
     ,  
  ,    
    .
      -
  ,    
 . ,     
  .
—-
 -  - 
        -
    .
Теоретико-методологические основы исследования
      -
        , 
 :      ,
  .    -
     , , -
,   ..  ,  
,      
,       -
 (. , . ).
 9- .     -
      
 3.,.,.,.,
. .      , -
      -
 .     
,        
  (, 216),     -
   .    
      -
 , ,  , 
,   ,    -
    ( …, 22).
 ,   ,     
,      -
.   ,    
   .     
 ,      
 .    , 
219–221 .     ,  -
   «   
Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 95
»  «   :  
».       
     ,  -
     ,  
  .     «
»221 .-
    ,     -
.   1117 .    -
     ,  
       
      
   (, , 221; , 222; , 223).
      ,
        (. .,
. ., . ., . ., . . .). -
(,)
 ,       , 
,   .    , -
       ,
  , -    -
   .   
      -
  . ,   -
  .     ,  
      
,     (, 223).
     -
        
:
   (  );
   (   
);
   (  , -
 );
   (, , 
..),      , -
  ;
  ,  - -
 ;
  .
       
       , -
       
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.       -
    .   -
      -
  ,    
.       -
,   .
1.          (-
   /  ,  , -
  ,  - -
 ) ( …, 22).
2.        -
   :     
      
1.
3.        -
   ;   -
      ( 
) (, 22).
4.        -
  : « ;  (-
); ; ; ; ;
» (, , 221: 66).
Методика исследования
      - 
-     
       ,
 46%     2.
« » « »   .
       
  5  .     ,
       
.    -   1 -
   .
-
 ,      () 
 .
      -
,     ,  -
1 Стратегическое развитие малых поселений: проблемы ирешения // Экспертный совет пома-
лым территориям. 2019. URL: http://econ.krskstate.ru/dat/File/11/SSERMO/Strategicheskoe%20
razvitie%20malih%20poseleniy.pdf (дата обращения 10.08.2023).
2 Итоги ВПН-2020. Т. 1. Численность иразмещение населения // Росстат. 2021. URL: https://rosstat.
gov.ru/vpn/2020/Tom1_Chislennost_i_razmeshchenie_naseleniya (дата обращения 10.08.2023).
Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 97
    ,   
 218222.,
    --
  ,       
 221 .,   « » ( …, 221),
   ,    -
- ,     -
 . .  ( ., 22).
   - , -
       -
       
 ,    ( 
15  18  ,   — 697 -
;    5%).
Результаты исследования
Демографические противоречия
 222 .  ,   
    ,    -
.   ..  ,  
        1%
,        -
  212 222 .    
 ( 12,6% ; . 1)  ( 13,6% ).
 1—       , %.
Figure 1— Population dynamics ofsmall towns inthe Vologda Oblast, %.
Society andSecurity Insights № 4 2023 98
      -
      
. COVID-19-
         
       , ,  ,
     ,      
 .      ,  -
        .  -
  ,  ,    -
       (.). 
    ( ) 
 .     .
    ,    
219–221 .     .
 1.
Table 1.
   
   
Dynamics ofthe migration growth indicator insmall towns ofthe Vologda Oblast
  1
 2022 .
 -
 
 ,
, 2022 .
, .
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
 7 776 –11,4 58 25 –68 –33 29
 5 151 –8,4 –8 2 –14 –27 –17
 8 132 –14,8 –32 7 –47 –10 –33
 10 063 –4,5 18 –73 42 73 9
 7 906 –5,3 –23 –38 83 –4 25
 14 829 –9,5 81 74 136 –1 82
 35 671 –6,5 –91 –44 –47 53 –72
 8 688 –9,5 –39 –28 –46 –53 –42
 9 587 –9,4 –46 37 31 –11 38
 11 513 –7,6 –16 144 54 81 5
      
      ( -
 , —  -),   
     . 
       , 
Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 99
  ,     
.
      
.   -  -
    « » ,  -
 21 . 218 .     2,8% -
  ,   — , 
11,4% —    2% ,   ,  -
   ,   -
    .  
,   218 .   ,  , 
     , -
        ,
    .  ,    
  (   5 . .),   ,
    21216 .,    -
 ( …, 22: 6768).
Социально-экономические противоречия
..       , -
   - . 
     216218 .    -
      :
,45–,55: , , ;
,25–,45: , , , , ,  (-
 ., 22).
,     218 . -
       -
   ,    
 «» (. 2).   , 218 .  -
     1 ,  ,
  18 .  ,    .
222 .      -
 :  (213 ),  (21 )  (193 ), 
     ,   , 
    .   -
      ,
  ,      ,
     .    (-
,  )   18 ,  -
       
.
 222 .      (  -
  ),     -
Society andSecurity Insights № 4 2023 100
 ,     (169 ), 
(178), (166), (177).
 ,        -
       .
 2.
Table 2.
    
   
Dynamics ofthe urban environment quality index insmall towns ofthe Vologda Oblast

    /  -
,     -
  
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
 141 / 1 151 / 1 155 / 1 163 / 2 177 / 3
 149 / 1 162 / 1 169 / 2 171 / 2 180 / 3
 150 / 1 160 / 3 175 / 3 179 / 3 180 / 3
 136 / 0 149 / 1 165 / 3 176 / 3 178 / 3
 126 / 0 143 / 1 148 / 1 162 / 1 166 / 2
 133 / 0 168 / 2 175 / 3 177 / 2 180 / 3
 171 / 3 192 / 4 188 / 3 191 / 3 201 / 4
 165 / 3 165 / 4 174 / 3 179 / 3 193 / 3
 167 / 2 172 / 4 180 / 3 192 / 4 213 / 6
 119 / 0 148 / 1 148 / 1 162 / 2 169 / 2
        -
   - , 
 8%        (.3).
    (6%)   
 -  (, , ,
, , ).   , , -
   -   .
 , ,    
.
        -
  ,    -
   , 75%    -
 (, , 221: 63).
        , 
     ,  -
Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 101
       . 
        -
 ,       -
 . ,     -
 .       
     . -
      ( 3 . 1 -
)       , ,
, .     ,  
   ,     .
, ,       -
  (  3 . 1 ),     
.          -
  ,     ( 3 .
1 )     .
 3.
Table 3.
    
,     222 .
Information about municipalities with an unfavorable urban environment,
data ofthe Ministry ofConstruction for theVologda Region for 222
 
-  ,
 
 
 
(. /   )

 4 / 40 , ,
, 
-  4 / 40 , , ,

 3 / 30 , , 
-
 6 / 60 , , ,
, , 
-
 8 / 80
, , ,
, ,
, , 

 3 / 30 , , 
Источник: индекс качества городской среды. URL: https:// индекс-городов.рф /#/
,  ,       -
      -
- .
Society andSecurity Insights № 4 2023 102
   - 
    .  
,       
   (76%     ;
. 4),      (73%), -
 (63%)  -  (65%).   
,        -
   (54%),    
   (51%).   
        
(49%)  -  (46%).
 4.
Table 4.
    
  , %
Estimates by thepopulation ofthe spheres ofdevelopment
ofmunicipalities ofthe Vologda oblast, %
   -
, 
-
 
   
 27 63 10
   
 37 55 8
  
 51 43 6
   54 40 6
   49 45 6
-  46 47 7
 -  35 53 12
  41 52 7
 -
 34 58 8
   
(,  ) 24 64 12
Примечание. Распределение ответов навопрос: «Оцените, пожалуйста, положение вашего муниципаль-
ного образования понижеследующим параметрам».
 ,      ,
       . 
,  ,     -
?       
 , ,      -
Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 103
 (62%; . 2),   (58%)  (53%). -
   ,     -
  (29%).       ,
      (29%).  
,      
 ( 6%    ),  -
 ( 4%).  ,     -
      .
 2—       , %.
Figure 2— Estimates ofthe impact ofvarious actors on thedevelopment ofsmall towns, %.
Примечание. Распределение ответов навопрос: «Как Вы считаете, откого внаибольшей степени зави-
сит развитие Вашего муниципального образования?»
    ,    -
      .
      ,   
       (5%-
; . 3),     (48%),   -
  (47%).      
,    (41%)   
 (4%).
,        , -
    (78%)  -
,  14%  ,     -
   .
       
:  6%  ,     
   . ,  ,   
Society andSecurity Insights № 4 2023 104
       -
 .     -
     ,  
 «   »  
« ».
 3—   : «    
    ,     ?», %.
Figure 3— Distribution ofanswers to thequestion: “What kind ofdecisions do you
expect from local governments inyour district, village or city inthe  rst place?, %.
 4—     , %.
Figure 4— Assessment ofthe activities ofthe head ofthe local administration, %.
 ,       -
      —   .  -
      
   - .  -
Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 105
      . 223 . 
      -
    4749%, ..  
(.4).     31–34%.  
       38%  49%
      4%  31%. 
      
 219–22 .,      -
 7% 11% .
 223 .       (31%) -
      -
 (. 5).    33%. 
218222 .     , -
   1%  219 22 .
 5—      , %.
Figure 5— Assessment ofthe activities ofthe representative body oflocal self-government, %.
      
   .     -
   -  .
       ,  
    ,  -
  :     
 - .  ,  -
        
 ,    «-
».       -
      ,
   ,    
  ,    ,
     ,  
 .
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СПИСОК ИСТОЧНИКОВ
 :     . . : 
«», 221. 19 .
 . .      -
  //   : , -
, . 222. . 15,  5. . 17–188. https://doi.org/1.15838/esc.222.5.83.9
 . .,  . .,  . .    -
  (  , , ) //  
 .  . 219.  5. . 18–31.https://doi.org/1.31857/
S2587-5566219518-31
 . .,  . .,  . .,  . ., -
 . .  -  -
  //   .  . 22.
84(6). . 85–818. https://doi.org/1.31857/S2587556626114
  :  ,     /
. . , . . , . .  . . :  , 221. 598 .
   :    /
. . , . .  . . :  , 22. 523 .
 . .      -
: -  // . 223.  7. . 4–52.
 . .,  . .     -
  //   : , , -
. 221. . 14.  1. . 567. https://doi.org/1.15838/esc.221.1.73.5
 . .       
:   //  . 223.  2. . 3342.
. .      
//     .  : , 216. . 147151.
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СВЕДЕНИЯ ОБ АВТОРЕ / INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR
  —   ,  -
       
,     , . ,
.
Elena O. Smoleva— Senior Researcher, Center for Sociocultural and Political Research,
Department for Research ofthe Level and Lifestyle ofthe Population, Vologda Scienti c
Center ofRussian Academy ofSciences, Vologda, Russia.
Статья поступила вредакцию 22.09.2023;
одобрена после рецензирования 28.11.2023;
принята кпубликации 28.11.2023.
The article was submitted 22.09.2023;
approved after reviewing 28.11.2023;
accepted for publication 28.11.2023.