ГОСУДАРСТВО, ГРАЖДАНСКОЕ

ОБЩЕСТВО ИСТАБИЛЬНОСТЬ

STATE, CIVIL SOCIETY AND STABILITY

Научная статья / Research Article

УДК 338.242

DOI: 10.14258/SSI(2024)3-04

Основные экономические детерминанты формирования

уровня жизни населения: дальневосточный кейс

Наталья Михайловна Полянская

Бурятский государственный университет им. Доржи Банзарова, Улан-Удэ, Россия;

natali_mz@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6387-6494

Аннотация.  ,     ,

        .

   ,  - -

   ,     -

  ,   .   — 

  .      

    .   

       --

 ;       .

  -    

   :     -

   ,     ; -

        «».

    , ,   

,   ,   

 ,    .  -

    , - -

Society andSecurity Insights № 3 2024 68

    - 

 ,      

  .      -

    .

Ключевые слова:  , - , , -

,  ,  ,  , -

, ,  , ,  

Финансирование:      24-05-01 «-

        

 »,      

 .

Для цитирования: Полянская Н. М. Основные экономические детерминанты формирова-

ния уровня жизни населения: дальневосточный кейс // Society andSecurity Insights. 2024. Т. 7,

№ 3. С.67–88. doi: 10.14258/ssi(2024)3-04.

e Main Economic Determinants ofthe Formation ofthe

Standard ofLiving ofthe Population: the Far Eastern Case

Natalya M. Polyanskaya

Banzarov Buryat state University, Ulan-Ude, Russia;

natali_mz@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6387-6494

Abstract: One ofthe tasks set by the President ofRussia for the coming years is to improve

the standard ofliving ofRussian citizens andensure economic growth. To create prerequisites for

sustainable, progressive socio-economic development ofterritories, conditions are necessary, the

most important ofwhich is the preservation andenhancement ofhuman resources, or human

capital. People andtheir well–being are the main values ofany country. is work is devoted to

the study ofthe main economic determinants ofthe formation ofthe standard ofliving ofthe pop-

ulation. e main aspects ofthe sectoral structure ofthe economy as the basis for the formation

ofa vector ofsocio-economic development are considered; an assessment ofthe standard ofliving

ofthe population ofthe Far Eastern regions is carried out. In many parameters ofsocio-economic

development, the Far East lags far behind the average Russian level. us, inmany regions, social

labor productivity is signicantly lower than inother regions andon average inthe country; so-

cially signicant industries are noticeably “disadvantaged” inthe structure ofinvestments inxed

assets. is aects the achieved standard ofliving, inparticular, the provision ofhousing andits

well-being, per capita income, consumer spending ofthe population andtheir structure, as well as

the economic accessibility offood. Comprehensive measures are needed to increase labor produc-

tivity, technical andtechnological equipment, andingeneral, inthe eld ofadvanced socio-eco-

nomic development ofthe Far Eastern regions, the preservation andincrease ofthe population

andthe achievement ofhigh standards ofliving. e Far East needs comprehensive state support

inimproving people’s living conditions.

Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 69

Keywords: standard ofliving, socio-economic development, population, demography, labor

productivity, sectoral economy, human capital, regions, poverty, management, state regulation,

Far East

Financial Support: the article was prepared with the support of the project 24-05-01

“High-quality food supply as a factor inimproving the standard ofliving ofthe population ofthe

Republic ofBuryatia”, implemented at the Buryat State University named aer D. Banzarov.

For citation: Polyanskaya, N. M. (2024). The Main Economic Determinants ofthe Formation ofthe

Standard ofLiving ofthe Population: the Far Eastern Case. Society andSecurity Insights, 7(3), 67–88.

(InRuss.). doi: 10.14258/ssi(2024)3-04.

Введение

   —    . 

,       

   , ,  -

,      .   -

  ,   -

 ( ),  «»   

  .     

    —  -

 , - ,  -

 ,   ,   ,

 ,   .    

 :      , -

 ,   , ,  ,

    ,   ,

      .

      

      -

   (, 223; , 223),  (-

, 224),  (, 221)  --

 (, 223; , 222)    

.  -    -

 (, 221; , 223),  (,

223)    ,  

    .

    1   

  ,   -

       --

  (),    ().

1 Об утверждении Стратегии пространственного развития Российской Федерации на пери-

од до2025 года : Распоряжение Правительства РФ от13.02.2019 № 207-р. URL: https://www.

consultant.ru (дата обращения: 25.08.24)

Society andSecurity Insights № 3 2024 70

   ,    -

        -

      -

.     ,   

       -

   ,  

- ,    

    .

  —    

   .     :

•        

  -  ;

•       

   ;

•       .

     . -

    ,   -

 .

        

  ,     

 ,   --

  .

Отраслевая структура экономики, предопределяющая параметры социаль-

но-экономического развития регионов

      

 ,    

   (, , ,    -

,  , , ,  .).   -

   ,   ,

..    .     

   ,      ,

    .    

 .      ,  

. Рациональность    -

. ,     

      ,   -

     ,   ,

   . Эффективность  -

      -

        

. ,     

   ;  

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      

  ( );     

   .   — 

—      -

    ,  , -

  .

     ,    -

    .   ,  , 

  ,     -

,  -, , 

,    - 

     (, 224; -

, 223).   -  -

      -

 .

    --

      , ..  -

 ,     

 ,      -

 .    ,

   -  -

  .      

  (),     -

.        -

    1.

 1.

     (222 .,  )1

Table 1.

Industry structure ofgross value added (222, percent oftotal)

Наименование Российская

Федерация ДФО

,  , ,  -

 4,5 5,9

   14,4 31,3

  17,2 4,9

  ,  2,5 2,9

;  0,6 0,4

 5,1 7,0

1 Таблицы и рисунки (графики) составлены автором по данным Росстата (Регионы России.

Социально-экономические показатели. 2023: Стат. сб. М., 2023. 1126 с.).

Society andSecurity Insights № 3 2024 72

Наименование Российская

Федерация ДФО

  ;  

  14,5 8,5

  6,5 10,0

    0,9 0,9

    3,2 1,2

   0,6 0,1

    10,5 6,7

 ,   4,3 1,5

   -

  2,3 1,9

    -

;   5,0 7,6

 2,7 3,4

     3,8 4,6

  , , 

  0,9 0,8

    0,5 0,4

       -

    ,  

 ,  —   -

, ,  .

     

   ,   .  

      ,  

 ,  , - .

     .  

,        -

     .  -

    8,% ,    —

14,% (. 2).

       

    ,  

   «  ».   

       , 

 .

        -

  .     

—  (21  17  ),  (8 -

Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 73

 ),  (     -

  ,   -

 )  (   

 13 . ).   ,   

   ,     -

  .    -

     .

 2.

    (222 .,

   )

Table 2.

e sectoral structure ofthe employed inthe economy

(222, percent ofthe total number ofemployed)

Наименование Российская

Федерация ДФО

,  , ,  -

 6,3 6,4

   1,7 4,1

  14,0 8,0

  ,  2,2 3,8

;  1,0 0,9

 9,2 9,0

  ;  

  18,6 17,1

  8,1 9,8

    2,6 2,4

    2,3 1,7

    2,6 2,4

 7,4 8,8

     6,2 7,1

   17,8 18,6

      

,      

(. 3).

Society andSecurity Insights № 3 2024 74

 3.

    

Table 3.

e number ofemployed andthe unemployment rate inthe regions

Регионы На начало года

2011 2016 2021 2022 2023

Среднегодовая численность занятых вэкономике, тыс. чел)

  401,0 398,0 352,8 370,9 366,2

  () 482,2 482,7 492,4 495,7 509,2

  488,2 475,4 452,5 456,8 446,3

  169,5 170,1 167,0 172,0 164,5

  975,9 965,3 924,7 936,2 928,3

  692,1 683,0 666,5 674,4 669,8

  423,2 393,2 381,2 381,4 383,1

  98,6 94,9 88,8 90,2 86,7

  292,4 287,7 275,4 270,8 275,7

   76,9 70,3 63,9 62,2 62,7

   36,6 33,1 33,5 35,0 33,5

 4136,5 4053,7 3898,6 3945,5 3926,1

  71493,1 72424,9 69550,3 70817,9 71216,9

Уровень безработицы, %

  10,4 9,2 16,0 13,0 11,5

  () 8,9 7,3 10,5 8,9 8,3

  11,1 10,4 12,8 11,4 11,3

  7,0 4,5 6,5 5,1 4,4

  9,5 6,9 8,1 6,4 5,3

  8,9 5,3 5,4 4,7 3,6

  6,9 5,8 8,8 7,5 6,2

  5,6 4,3 6,8 5,8 5,8

  8,9 6,3 8,2 6,7 5,7

   9,3 7,9 11,9 10,4 8,5

   4,5 4,0 5,4 2,8 1,9

 8,6 6,3 9,4 7,8 6,9

  7,3 5,6 7,8 6,4 5,2

Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 75

         -

 ,     ,   ,

     .   -

     «»

221–222.,        

 (  ,    -

 ).

       

  ,   ,   

(. 1).

 1—     222 ., . .

Figure 1— Gross regional product per capita at the beginning of222, thousand rubles

     (

 ),    ,—  -

,      .  -

     , -

     ,   

  - , 

   .

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      

  .      -

 ,  ,    

       -

     . ,  

  ,    , -

  .      ,

  .  ,   -

 ,      

,       

   .

  ,     -

  «      

 .    , -

  » (, 221: 36). —  -

   —    -

 .     -

 ,    1.    , -

    — , 

  ,   , -

     . ,   

    :   ,

   ,    -

,      

(, 223: 37).      

   .

 -    -

-       

(. 4).

 4.

   

, 222 .,   

Table 4.

Sectoral structure ofinvestments inxed assets, 222, percent oftotal volume

Наименование Российская

Федерация ДФО

,  , ,  -

 3,1 3,8

   18,0 23,0

  15,3 16,1

1 https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5915110 (дата обращения: 04.06.2024)

Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 77

Наименование Российская

Федерация ДФО

  ,  5,9 6,5

;  1,3 0,6

 3,5 3,6

  ;  

  2,7 1,7

  20,3 32,2

    0,4 0,5

    4,1 2,2

   2,7 0,3

    6,2 2,0

 ,   6,0 1,7

   -

  1,0 0,2

    -

;   2,3 1,8

 2,7 1,6

   

 2,8 1,4

  , , 

  1,7 0,8

    ,      -

      ,

 .     

 .  ,  ,—  

,      

 «»    .    -

 ,   ( , -

, , , )  

  ,    -

  ,   -

,   ,    -

 —   .

Уровень жизни населения дальневосточных регионов

 ,      ,  ,

     ,  -

 . , ,  (),   

 ,      -

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,      

 :    

   (. 2).

 2—       , 222 ., 2

Figure 2—  e total area ofresidential premises on average per inhabitant, 222, m2

   .   , -

    ,      

(. 3).

   ,  ,  

       . -

  ,    .  -

   —  , 

  .      ,

       -

 ,   ,—     .

   ,   

 «   ,       

   ,    

 » (, 221: 115).     

    , «  -

         ,

     » (, 221: 115).