ГОСУДАРСТВО, ГРАЖДАНСКОЕ

ОБЩЕСТВО ИСТАБИЛЬНОСТЬ

STATE, CIVIL SOCIETY AND STABILITY

Научная статья / Research Article

УДК 338.242

DOI: 10.14258/SSI(2024)3-04

Основные экономические детерминанты формирования

уровня жизни населения: дальневосточный кейс

Наталья Михайловна Полянская

Бурятский государственный университет им. Доржи Банзарова, Улан-Удэ, Россия;

natali_mz@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6387-6494

Аннотация.  ,     ,

        .

   ,  - -

   ,     -

  ,   .   — 

  .      

    .   

       --

 ;       .

  -    

   :     -

   ,     ; -

        «».

    , ,   

,   ,   

 ,    .  -

    , - -

Society andSecurity Insights № 3 2024 68

    - 

 ,      

  .      -

    .

Ключевые слова:  , - , , -

,  ,  ,  , -

, ,  , ,  

Финансирование:      24-05-01 «-

        

 »,      

 .

Для цитирования: Полянская Н. М. Основные экономические детерминанты формирова-

ния уровня жизни населения: дальневосточный кейс // Society andSecurity Insights. 2024. Т. 7,

№ 3. С.67–88. doi: 10.14258/ssi(2024)3-04.

e Main Economic Determinants ofthe Formation ofthe

Standard ofLiving ofthe Population: the Far Eastern Case

Natalya M. Polyanskaya

Banzarov Buryat state University, Ulan-Ude, Russia;

natali_mz@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6387-6494

Abstract: One ofthe tasks set by the President ofRussia for the coming years is to improve

the standard ofliving ofRussian citizens andensure economic growth. To create prerequisites for

sustainable, progressive socio-economic development ofterritories, conditions are necessary, the

most important ofwhich is the preservation andenhancement ofhuman resources, or human

capital. People andtheir well–being are the main values ofany country. is work is devoted to

the study ofthe main economic determinants ofthe formation ofthe standard ofliving ofthe pop-

ulation. e main aspects ofthe sectoral structure ofthe economy as the basis for the formation

ofa vector ofsocio-economic development are considered; an assessment ofthe standard ofliving

ofthe population ofthe Far Eastern regions is carried out. In many parameters ofsocio-economic

development, the Far East lags far behind the average Russian level. us, inmany regions, social

labor productivity is signicantly lower than inother regions andon average inthe country; so-

cially signicant industries are noticeably “disadvantaged” inthe structure ofinvestments inxed

assets. is aects the achieved standard ofliving, inparticular, the provision ofhousing andits

well-being, per capita income, consumer spending ofthe population andtheir structure, as well as

the economic accessibility offood. Comprehensive measures are needed to increase labor produc-

tivity, technical andtechnological equipment, andingeneral, inthe eld ofadvanced socio-eco-

nomic development ofthe Far Eastern regions, the preservation andincrease ofthe population

andthe achievement ofhigh standards ofliving. e Far East needs comprehensive state support

inimproving people’s living conditions.

Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 69

Keywords: standard ofliving, socio-economic development, population, demography, labor

productivity, sectoral economy, human capital, regions, poverty, management, state regulation,

Far East

Financial Support: the article was prepared with the support of the project 24-05-01

“High-quality food supply as a factor inimproving the standard ofliving ofthe population ofthe

Republic ofBuryatia”, implemented at the Buryat State University named aer D. Banzarov.

For citation: Polyanskaya, N. M. (2024). The Main Economic Determinants ofthe Formation ofthe

Standard ofLiving ofthe Population: the Far Eastern Case. Society andSecurity Insights, 7(3), 67–88.

(InRuss.). doi: 10.14258/ssi(2024)3-04.

Введение

   —    . 

,       

   , ,  -

,      .   -

  ,   -

 ( ),  «»   

  .     

    —  -

 , - ,  -

 ,   ,   ,

 ,   .    

 :      , -

 ,   , ,  ,

    ,   ,

      .

      

      -

   (, 223; , 223),  (-

, 224),  (, 221)  --

 (, 223; , 222)    

.  -    -

 (, 221; , 223),  (,

223)    ,  

    .

    1   

  ,   -

       --

  (),    ().

1 Об утверждении Стратегии пространственного развития Российской Федерации на пери-

од до2025 года : Распоряжение Правительства РФ от13.02.2019 № 207-р. URL: https://www.

consultant.ru (дата обращения: 25.08.24)

Society andSecurity Insights № 3 2024 70

   ,    -

        -

      -

.     ,   

       -

   ,  

- ,    

    .

  —    

   .     :

•        

  -  ;

•       

   ;

•       .

     . -

    ,   -

 .

        

  ,     

 ,   --

  .

Отраслевая структура экономики, предопределяющая параметры социаль-

но-экономического развития регионов

      

 ,    

   (, , ,    -

,  , , ,  .).   -

   ,   ,

..    .     

   ,      ,

    .    

 .      ,  

. Рациональность    -

. ,     

      ,   -

     ,   ,

   . Эффективность  -

      -

        

. ,     

   ;  

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      

  ( );     

   .   — 

—      -

    ,  , -

  .

     ,    -

    .   ,  , 

  ,     -

,  -, , 

,    - 

     (, 224; -

, 223).   -  -

      -

 .

    --

      , ..  -

 ,     

 ,      -

 .    ,

   -  -

  .      

  (),     -

.        -

    1.

 1.

     (222 .,  )1

Table 1.

Industry structure ofgross value added (222, percent oftotal)

Наименование Российская

Федерация ДФО

,  , ,  -

 4,5 5,9

   14,4 31,3

  17,2 4,9

  ,  2,5 2,9

;  0,6 0,4

 5,1 7,0

1 Таблицы и рисунки (графики) составлены автором по данным Росстата (Регионы России.

Социально-экономические показатели. 2023: Стат. сб. М., 2023. 1126 с.).

Society andSecurity Insights № 3 2024 72

Наименование Российская

Федерация ДФО

  ;  

  14,5 8,5

  6,5 10,0

    0,9 0,9

    3,2 1,2

   0,6 0,1

    10,5 6,7

 ,   4,3 1,5

   -

  2,3 1,9

    -

;   5,0 7,6

 2,7 3,4

     3,8 4,6

  , , 

  0,9 0,8

    0,5 0,4

       -

    ,  

 ,  —   -

, ,  .

     

   ,   .  

      ,  

 ,  , - .

     .  

,        -

     .  -

    8,% ,    —

14,% (. 2).

       

    ,  

   «  ».   

       , 

 .

        -

  .     

—  (21  17  ),  (8 -

Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 73

 ),  (     -

  ,   -

 )  (   

 13 . ).   ,   

   ,     -

  .    -

     .

 2.

    (222 .,

   )

Table 2.

e sectoral structure ofthe employed inthe economy

(222, percent ofthe total number ofemployed)

Наименование Российская

Федерация ДФО

,  , ,  -

 6,3 6,4

   1,7 4,1

  14,0 8,0

  ,  2,2 3,8

;  1,0 0,9

 9,2 9,0

  ;  

  18,6 17,1

  8,1 9,8

    2,6 2,4

    2,3 1,7

    2,6 2,4

 7,4 8,8

     6,2 7,1

   17,8 18,6

      

,      

(. 3).

Society andSecurity Insights № 3 2024 74

 3.

    

Table 3.

e number ofemployed andthe unemployment rate inthe regions

Регионы На начало года

2011 2016 2021 2022 2023

Среднегодовая численность занятых вэкономике, тыс. чел)

  401,0 398,0 352,8 370,9 366,2

  () 482,2 482,7 492,4 495,7 509,2

  488,2 475,4 452,5 456,8 446,3

  169,5 170,1 167,0 172,0 164,5

  975,9 965,3 924,7 936,2 928,3

  692,1 683,0 666,5 674,4 669,8

  423,2 393,2 381,2 381,4 383,1

  98,6 94,9 88,8 90,2 86,7

  292,4 287,7 275,4 270,8 275,7

   76,9 70,3 63,9 62,2 62,7

   36,6 33,1 33,5 35,0 33,5

 4136,5 4053,7 3898,6 3945,5 3926,1

  71493,1 72424,9 69550,3 70817,9 71216,9

Уровень безработицы, %

  10,4 9,2 16,0 13,0 11,5

  () 8,9 7,3 10,5 8,9 8,3

  11,1 10,4 12,8 11,4 11,3

  7,0 4,5 6,5 5,1 4,4

  9,5 6,9 8,1 6,4 5,3

  8,9 5,3 5,4 4,7 3,6

  6,9 5,8 8,8 7,5 6,2

  5,6 4,3 6,8 5,8 5,8

  8,9 6,3 8,2 6,7 5,7

   9,3 7,9 11,9 10,4 8,5

   4,5 4,0 5,4 2,8 1,9

 8,6 6,3 9,4 7,8 6,9

  7,3 5,6 7,8 6,4 5,2

Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 75

         -

 ,     ,   ,

     .   -

     «»

221–222.,        

 (  ,    -

 ).

       

  ,   ,   

(. 1).

 1—     222 ., . .

Figure 1— Gross regional product per capita at the beginning of222, thousand rubles

     (

 ),    ,—  -

,      .  -

     , -

     ,   

  - , 

   .

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      

  .      -

 ,  ,    

       -

     . ,  

  ,    , -

  .      ,

  .  ,   -

 ,      

,       

   .

  ,     -

  «      

 .    , -

  » (, 221: 36). —  -

   —    -

 .     -

 ,    1.    , -

    — , 

  ,   , -

     . ,   

    :   ,

   ,    -

,      

(, 223: 37).      

   .

 -    -

-       

(. 4).

 4.

   

, 222 .,   

Table 4.

Sectoral structure ofinvestments inxed assets, 222, percent oftotal volume

Наименование Российская

Федерация ДФО

,  , ,  -

 3,1 3,8

   18,0 23,0

  15,3 16,1

1 https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5915110 (дата обращения: 04.06.2024)

Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 77

Наименование Российская

Федерация ДФО

  ,  5,9 6,5

;  1,3 0,6

 3,5 3,6

  ;  

  2,7 1,7

  20,3 32,2

    0,4 0,5

    4,1 2,2

   2,7 0,3

    6,2 2,0

 ,   6,0 1,7

   -

  1,0 0,2

    -

;   2,3 1,8

 2,7 1,6

   

 2,8 1,4

  , , 

  1,7 0,8

    ,      -

      ,

 .     

 .  ,  ,—  

,      

 «»    .    -

 ,   ( , -

, , , )  

  ,    -

  ,   -

,   ,    -

 —   .

Уровень жизни населения дальневосточных регионов

 ,      ,  ,

     ,  -

 . , ,  (),   

 ,      -

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,      

 :    

   (. 2).

 2—       , 222 ., 2

Figure 2—  e total area ofresidential premises on average per inhabitant, 222, m2

   .   , -

    ,      

(. 3).

   ,  ,  

       . -

  ,    .  -

   —  , 

  .      ,

       -

 ,   ,—     .

   ,   

 «   ,       

   ,    

 » (, 221: 115).     

    , «  -

         ,

     » (, 221: 115).

Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 79

 3—   ,   , 222 ., %

Figure 3—  e share ofthe total area equipped with the bene ts ofcivilization, 222, %

  ,  «  -

  214 .      

  ,     -

   » (Шнейдерман, 2023: 53). 

  «     -

   ,     

,      -

 » (Дьяченко, 2022: 2010).

  ,     -

     -

 «»  .  223 .   

   ,    

«»  (     -

,    ),     

  .     

Society andSecurity Insights № 3 2024 80

,    —    

.      ,   -

  222–223 .     -

 (, 224: 74).

      -

  (, 223),    -

 (. 4).

 4—     , 222 ., . . 

Figure 4—  e median per capita monetary income ofthe population, 222, thousand rubles per month

,      ,

         -

  ,    .  -

        -

 .         

     (, 224: 77).   :

  ,    -

,    ,   .

     (. 5).

  ,     -

      , -

     ( 7 19 . . ). 

     (   6 .

Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 81

. )     ,    

 .      

    .

 5.

   

  , 222 .

Table 5.

Distribution ofthe population by per capita monetary income, 222

Регионы

Величина среднедушевых денежных доходов, тыс.руб.

вмесяц

≤ 7,0

7,1 ≤10,0

10,1 ≤14,0

14,1 ≤19,0

19,1 ≤27,0

27,1 ≤45,0

45,1 ≤60,0

≥

60,1

  2,0 4,6 9,6 14,2 20,8 28,2 10,3 10,3

  () 0,7 1,7 3,9 6,8 12,6 25,6 14,9 33,8

  1,4 3,6 8,2 13,1 20,5 29,8 11,5 11,9

  0,1 0,5 1,6 3,8 9,3 24,8 17,2 42,7

  0,6 1,9 4,8 8,8 16,3 30,1 15,0 22,5

  0,3 1,1 3,5 7,1 14,6 30,4 16,5 26,5

  1,2 2,8 6,1 9,8 16,5 28,2 13,7 21,7

  0,1 0,3 1,0 2,3 5,7 17,3 14,2 59,1

  0,2 0,7 2,1 4,2 9,3 22,9 15,7 44,9

  -

 0,5 2,1 6,4 12,4 22,2 33,9 12,3 10,2

   0,1 0,2 0,7 1,7 4,5 14,3 12,5 66,0

  1,4 3,0 6,2 9,7 16,1 27,4 13,5 22,7

      , 

       -

   (. 5).     -

  ,      ,

     , 

  . ,     -

    2  ,   -

,  3%  .

     -

     ,  -

   .    

Society andSecurity Insights № 3 2024 82

 :  ,    -

       (. 6).

 5—   , 222 ., . . 

Figure 5— Average per capita consumer spending, 222, thousand rubles per month

 6—       , 222 ., %

Figure 6—  e share ofhousehold budget expenditures on food purchases, 222, %

Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 83

         -

 ( 4%),       -

       .

        

    .   -

        . -

      , -

      (, 224: 79).

  ,       -

,     ,  -

,     (. 6).

 6.

    , ./*

Table 6.

Average consumer prices for food, RUB/kg

Регионы

Говядина

накости

Рыба мороже-

ная

Молоко пасте-

ризованное

Яйцо куриное

(10 шт.)

Хлеб

Картофель

Морковь

Огурцы

Томаты

Зелень свежая

Яблоки

Лимоны



 511 203 92 144 91 38 84 245 326 886 196 218

  657 277 138 151 128 88 142 377 425 816 249 390



 490 261 110 133 115 46 98 242 301 995 206 272

  824 304 115 156 128 70 95 599 673 720 297 282



 636 164 120 158 128 67 75 230 230 620 199 201



 624 168 116 136 118 55 77 234 233 1032 216 198



 538 183 90 163 95 50 84 239 259 501 198 222



 784 121 165 179 156 96 107 770 733 1038 311 301



 651 140 113 173 126 77 84 229 299 981 272 318







690 127 119 146 108 50 71 201 217 587 205 204







827 321 161 240 220 189 264 852 735 1048 500 805

Society andSecurity Insights № 3 2024 84

Регионы

Говядина

накости

Рыба мороже-

ная

Молоко пасте-

ризованное

Яйцо куриное

(10 шт.)

Хлеб

Картофель

Морковь

Огурцы

Томаты

Зелень свежая

Яблоки

Лимоны



 550 240 78 124 79 31 54 187 268 813 136 152



 622 288 82 125 79 24 54 199 283 954 137 133

*В апреле 2024 г. Составлено поданным Росстата 1

 7—    

,   

Figure 7— Consumer price index for food products, as a percentage ofthe previous month

        

  , ,   ,   -

    .  ,  -

   (  -

),     —  

  .   --

       , -

 -   -

    ,     -

  .      

1 https://rosstat.gov.ru/statistics/price (дата обращения: 09.06.2024)

Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 85

  ( ,   )

       .

    , , , ,  -

      ,  -

   ,    -

 . 224 .     

     (. 7).

       

   .  ,  -

  (, 223),     -

  ,      

,       -

     .

 ,      -

   ,   . 

 -       

      (,

224: 78).         -

,      «» 

.    , 

 -   -

   .

Концептуальные направления повышения уровня жизни граждан

       

 ().     , 

   ,   -

   . -

   -   -

      , 

,  ,    -

.        -

,      -

      .

   .   -

, -    ( .. -

)      

, , , 

  ,    --

     

  .     

 —   ;   -

 —  ,  

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 ,    -. 

    . , -

,    - .

  ,   -

 ,      

(      , 

  ,     -

 )1.      

,       -

 .       -

,       -

,     ,  

 ,   .  

      

      , -

       -

   .

     ,   «-

»,      

,    

  ,       -

 ,     

 .

Выводы

      

  -  

  .     

       

   - (,  , «-»),  -

,  («-»).    -

      ,

  ,    

  ,    ,  -

 ,     

    .    -

       

   ,   .  

       -

1 Национальная программа социально-экономического развития Дальнего Востока напери-

од до2024 года ина перспективу до2035 года. URL: http://static.government.ru/media/files/NAlS

PJ8QMRZUPd9LIMWJoeVhn1l6eGqD.pdf (дата обращения: 25.08.24).

Государство, гражданское общество истабильность 87

    ,     -

     , ,  .

СПИСОК ИСТОЧНИКОВ

 . .     -

    // Society andSecurity Insights.

223. . 6,  2. . 99–115. doi: 1.14258/ssi(223)2-7

 . .,  . .    

      (  

) //  :  . 222. . 2, 11(56).

.21–23.

 . .     -

 ,   //    -

  . . . 224. . 21, 2. . 55–64.

 . .  . .,  . .,  . .  

   -   // 

 :  . 223. . 12,  2. . 49–53. DOI:

1.57145/27128482_223_12_2_1

 . .,  . .,  . .    -

    //  . 221.  5. .111–

123. DOI: 1.47711/868-6351-188- 111-123

 . .     -

    -  

// Society andSecurity Insights. 224. . 7,  1. . 66–86. doi: 1.14258/ssi(224)1-5

 . .       -

 -  // : , . 223. 1.

. 5–14.

 . . -    -

:   //   .

223. . 9, 4. . 37–45.

 . .,  . .,  . .,  . . -

-     -

  // Society andSecurity Insights. 221. . 4, 4. . 31–43.

 . .,  . .,  . .   

 :   //  . 223. . 3, 3.

. 53–63.

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ИНФОРМАЦИЯ ОБ АВТОРЕ / INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR

   — . . , ,  

     . 

, . -, .

Natalya M. Polyanskaya— Cand. Sci. (Economics), Associate Professor ofthe Depart-

ment ofApplied Economics, Banzarov Buryat State University, Ulan-Ude, Russia.

Статья поступила вредакцию 12.06.2024;

одобрена после рецензирования 25.08.2024;

принята кпубликации 25.08.2024.

The article was submitted 12.06.2024;

approved after reviewing 25.08.2024;

accepted for publication 25.08.2024.