ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ ИБЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ

ВСТРАНАХ АЗИАТСКОГО РЕГИОНА

INTEGRATION AND SECURITY IN ASIAN REGION

Обзорная статья / Review Article

УДК 316.33

DOI: 10.14258/SSI(2024)3-01

Топологический подход визучении религиозной

идентичности

Оксана Евгеньевна Ноянзина1,

Светлана Геннадьевна Максимова2,

Пуревсурен Цэденбал3,

Дарья Алексеевна Омельченко4,

Мунхбаяр Боролдой Чулуунбат5,

Ирхэт танд Манхан Баярсайхан6

1РОСБИОТЕХ, Москва, Россия,

noe@list.ru, https://orcid.org/0000 0002 1252 6021

2РОСБИОТЕХ, Москва, Россия,

svet-maximova@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000 0002 4613 4966

3Западный региональный филиал Монгольского государственного университета,

Ховд, Монголия,

purevsuren.khu@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7166-7553

4РОСБИОТЕХ, Москва, Россия,

daria.omelchenko@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000 0002 2839 5070

5 Западный региональный филиал Монгольского государственного университета,

Ховд, Монголия,

munkh9998@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0398-1927

6 Западный региональный филиал Монгольского государственного университета,

Ховд, Монголия,

bayarsaikhan.khu@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2055-8250

Аннотация.     ,  -

 ()    .  

Society andSecurity Insights № 3 2024 14

    -   -

  ,  ,    -

    .   

       

 ,     -

 ,    ,  -

,    .  

      

 ,     .

       -

   .

Ключевые слова: , ,  , , -

, ,  

Финансирование:       24-48-03002

«  - : 

      -

   ».

Для цитирования: Ноянзина О. Е., Максимова С. Г., Цэденбал П., Омельченко Д. А., Чулуун-

бат М. Б., Баярсайхан И. т. М. Топологический подход визучении религиозной идентичности //

Society andSecurity Insights. 2024. Т. 7, №3. С.13–34. doi: 10.14258/ssi(2024)3-01.

Topological Approach to the Study ofReligious Identity

Oksana E. Noyanzina1,

Svetlana G. Maximova2,

Purevsuren Tsedenbal3,

Daria A. Omelchenko3,

Munhbayar Boroldoy Chuluunbat5,

Irkhet tand Manhan Bayarsaikhan6

1ROSBIOTECH, Moscow, Russia,

noe@list.ru, https://orcid.org/0000 0002 1252 6021

2ROSBIOTECH, Moscow, Russia,

svet-maximova@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000 0002 4613 4966

3 Western Regional School ofNational University ofMongolia, Khovd, Mongolia,

purevsuren.khu@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7166-7553

4ROSBIOTECH, Moscow, Russia,

daria.omelchenko@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000 0002 2839 5070

5 Western Regional School ofNational University ofMongolia, Khovd, Mongolia,

munkh9998@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0398-1927

6 Western Regional School ofNational University ofMongolia, Khovd, Mongolia,

bayarsaikhan.khu@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2055-8250

Abstract. e article presents an overview ofthe ideas ofthe authors developing a spatial

(topological) approach to the analysis of religious identity. e authors point out the need to

Интеграция ибезопасность встранах Азиатского региона 15

form a reliable theoretical andmethodological basis for the selection ofattributes ofspace, reli-

gious landscapes, directly or indirectly mediating the characteristics ofthe religious identity ofthe

population. e purpose ofthe review material is to search for methodological grounds for a

topographical analysis ofthe social space inwhich the religious identity ofthe population is being

formed, andto identify the attributes ofthis space that are subject to operationalization, sociolog-

ical survey andfurther mapping. e article presents an overview ofthe parameters ofreligious

landscapes andinstitutional elements ofspace considered inthe scientic literature, marking the

religious identity ofthe population ofcommunities. e issue ofclassication ofnew religions

andmodern forms ofreligious identity is indicated as a debatable one.

Keywords: religion, landscape, religious landscape, religiousness, mapping, identity, religious

identity

Financial Support: the work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project 

24-48-03002. e title ofthe project «Religious landscapes ofthe Russian-Mongolian borderlands:

institutional andnetwork mechanisms ofconstruction ofreligious andethnic identities andsecu-

rity inconditions ofpost-secular reality».

For citation: Noyanzina, O. E., Maximova, S. G., Tsedenbal, P., Omelchenko, D. A., Chuluun-

batM. B., Bayarsaikhan, I. t. M. (2024). Topological Approach to the Study ofReligious Identity. Society

andSecurity Insights, 7(3), 13–34. (InRuss.). doi: 10.14258/ssi(2024)3-01.

Введение

       , -

      -

 .     , -

     ,   

    (, , 217: 15). -

     -

   ,    

    ,  -

 ,    ,  -

    (, 22: 61).  

         -

     . , .  -

        ,

,       (,

214: 213).       -

  ,   ,     

   (Ingold, 22; Tuan, 21).

        -

     -

    ,  ,  

     .

,      -

       -

Society andSecurity Insights № 3 2024 16

    ,    

 ,    

     .  -

     , -,  -

      -

,      ,

-,    ,  -

,    .

Картирование социального пространства и религий: обоснование из-

бранного подхода

        -

  ,    

     (Low, 23; , 1982;

, 22). ,    .  ,  -

     ,   

«»,      (, 215), 

     , 

«»    , .. ,  

«» (   , 213),     

 ,  .

     , 

  ,   

   ,  « ». -

       ,

   (, 212: 33).  -

 ,  ,     -

 (,     ,

 ).     

    ,  

  , « »,   -

   .  ,    -

,      (,

, 219: 129),    ,  

   .    -

, ..     

: (1)    , (2) -

  , (3)    

  (, 22: 61).

      -

. ,  215 .     e Pew

Research Center       

  25   23  .   -

    :    

Интеграция ибезопасность встранах Азиатского региона 17

,  ,  . , , 

«» 1   , ,  

 ;  «»— , ,  ;

«»— ,  ;   -

— ,   .     

«»  (55-  )2.

     

   . , .   -

     ,    -

   «» «»,   

 ,       ,

    , ,  -

   (Robertson, 21: 1–11).   

       -

   .   

,       

 ,  21 .   -

   238    19 .

,   21 .     

 ,      333 83-

,    — 92%   -

.       -

 ,     ,  

   ,     -

  ,   .    

     (World Christian…, 21). -

,       22 .  

   2%3.    ,   

,  ,      -

   ,     , 

     ,   ,

 .  ,     

  , ,   ( 

, ),—  (, 213: 35).    

     .

       -

     .  , 

  ,       -

1 Имеется ввиду доля верующих поотношению кобщей численности населения страны.

2 Использованы материалы сайта www.sib-catholic.ru.

3 База данных по более чем 9000 христианских деноминаций, 13 000 респондентов в 234

странах.Todd M. Johnson andGina A. Zurlo, eds.World Christian Database(Leiden/Boston: Brill,

2022).

Society andSecurity Insights № 3 2024 18

—  ,      

 . , , ,   (

   1 ),  , -

   ..  ,   -

: ,      — -

     (Beyer, 23: 357).

,     , , 

      , -

  , ,  -

,   ..  ,    

  , ,   , -

,   -    

. . , ,  ,     -

  ,  « » , ,

,    —  «

»   (. : , 212: 38).

Ключевые атрибуты религиозных ландшафтов

   « »   

   ,    -

      ,  -

   , , , -

  .       ,  «

», « »   « ».

        -

 ,    

    .   . 

.,       

,  ,   -

   (, , 22: 89). 

        (, 214;

, 217; , 218, , 213 .).

 « »   

 ,   « », -

   —     ,

«»   (., .: , 23; -

, 28).      -

     ,   

       ,

    . .  

     , 

         . 

      -

     -

Интеграция ибезопасность встранах Азиатского региона 19

, ..  — « » -

   (, 26: 36).  

   .    -

 « »  —   

   ,   -

  .

.      -

    ,    -

 ,   , ,  -

 , , ,   . 

      ,  

      

  ,  .  ,   -

    , ..    

   ,    , -

  (, 213: 228).

..     -

  ,      -

   ,   -

       (-

- ), -  -

 ( …, 28: 11).    

 ,  ,  «  ,

       ,

  ,   (  

  )     ,  -

 ,    --

 » [. : , 218: 26].

     (., .: , 214; -

, 213)    , 

 ,  ,   ,

     , ..  -

      -

 . . .    , -

 «»     

,      (, ,

22: 89). .     -

, ,   ,     -

     ,  

.       -

  -  ,

    , -

       

Society andSecurity Insights № 3 2024 20

   ,   -

,  ,    

,   (     )

.. (, 21: 9),  ,    -,

 -   .

    .   .  (-

, , 22: 89)    «»— , ,

 .., — ,  ..,   -

 . ,  ,  ,  

  .    , -

      ,  

      (

..., 213: 79), ..     «  »,

  ,  «» ,  

      

    .  

       « -

» (., .: , 216; , 219; , 1998; , 213),

 ,     , -

 -  ..,   « » (.,

.: , , 21) —     

 (,      ).

   , ,  

       ,

  -    

 ,    .

  ,     

      ( )  -

 ,       ( -

     , ,

 ) (, 22: 189–197).  .  -

    , ,   ,

     ()  ,

,       (,

 ),   « », 

     ,     -

  ,   .. (, 28: 267). -

 ,      

,    «», , , 

«- » (, 212: 213).

,      

, , -   

 ,   ,  (-

Интеграция ибезопасность встранах Азиатского региона 21

) , ,    . 

  ,    

 ,   (),  -

— , ,  .. .  -

      , 

 «»  , «»  

.. ,  ,  «»  , -

  .     -

      -

- ,    

 ,     , -

     (   , -

, ).  —  , 

       ,

   ,    

  :      -

 .    —  -

  () ,   

     

 ,    .

Ключевые атрибуты пространства формализованной религиозности

     

   ,     -

  ,     -

.      -: 

 ,   « »,   -

  (, 1996: 544),    , 

  ,    

,   (, 2: 3),  -

 ,      -

,       

(, 26; , 29; , 27)  ..   -

    ,   «-

»,  ,  ,  .. 

, ,  .   -

 ,      -

  .    -

     ,

  .

     -

      ( -

),     

    ,  ,

Society andSecurity Insights № 3 2024 22

 , ,  ..   -

    ,  

    :  ,

   .    -

   -    

.     ,   -

   ,  , -

     , 

    ,  

 , ,    .., ..

        .

     -

, -,      -

     ,  -

      

. -,    ,  

 (1) -  (,  -

,  ,   ) (2) 

 (    ). -

      ,   

.  ,   ,  

      —  

     , -

     (  -

   «»   , -

   ).

  ,    

     : (1) 

(,    ..)  (2)  (, 

,  ,   ..);  , 

   ,    -

  (  , ,   -

  ,     

 ,      )

     .

  (., . , . )   -

     ,  

 .    ,     -

  ,      

.       -

   ,  ,  , ,  

-,   , — , -

  ,    , 

Интеграция ибезопасность встранах Азиатского региона 23

     ( . — 

    ).   ,

 ,  .

..      -

: , ,  ( , ,  

 ),  (     ) (-

, 26: 294). .    ,   

,       ( 

:  — , ,   .., , ,

   ), — -

  (Yinger, 212). .  ,    

 , , ,   (, 1994: 217).

.      ,

  ,     

  . ,  ,  -

   ,    -

  ,   ,   

      .  -

, ,          -

, , ,   (

   , ),   

  (, 1994: 141).  ,   

     . ,  -

      . . ,  -

    ,     

,    ,    -

     (. : , 27: 31).

  ,  .     -

   ( )    -

,      .   

 «»  .     

    ,   ,   -

  ,   « »,

      

(),   ,  -

    . .     «

»: (1)  (  ), (2)

 (  ) (3)  (

)1.

1 Цит. по: Е.С. Элбакян. Институциональные характеристики религии: доклад наМеждународ-

ной научно-практической конференции «Религия как социальный институт». 5 сентября 2011 г.

// ReligioPolis— Информационный ресурс Центра религиоведческих исследований. URL: http://

www.religiopolis.org/documents/3203-eselbakjan-es-institutsionalnye-harakteristiki-religii-moskva-

uzkoe-sentjabr-2011-goda.html

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.      : (1) -

  , (2)   (— ) (3)

     (  ,  -

 ), (4)    (  ,   -

, ..    ) (, 1996). .  . 

       -

  :   « » 

 , — :  — ,

 .. (Stark, Finke, 22). ..  (1986)  

      -

  . .. ,  ,   

  ,    ( , -

   ,      

 ),    (  )

(, 24). .. ,   , -

  ,  , ,  : — 

 , —  , — 

 ,  ,   (, 1993: 8).

..      -

   ,     «-

     ,  -

    » (. :

, 29: 23).  ,   

       -

,      — ,

 .      

     

   ,   -

  .     -

      ,  

    ,     -

  ,      ,

    ,  

 (, 29: 13).

Выводы идискуссия

       -

        

     -

.       , 

  ,     

   . ,    -

    ,   ,  , -

Интеграция ибезопасность встранах Азиатского региона 25

,       ,   

      . -

    «--

»     ,    

  .    -

   ,   «

 » (   «» ( )

(Voas, Doebler, 211: 39–62); ,  ,   -

   ,   ,  -

   ,      -

?         

 , , ?  (. -, 215: 255)

    —    :

 , .     

.    ,   ?   

 , ,   ?

,     -

  ,     -

 ,       ,

    ,   

  .  ( )   -

 ,   .   « -

»,       

.   ,      

 «»  (., . , . , .  .).

,   ,      ,   -

     «» 

(HeelasP., Woodhead, Seel, 25).

     -

 ,     -

   «», «»   

«» ,   .

       ,

    ,  

    ,  ,  -

   ,   -

     

    ,   

.    ,  -

        ,

-,    

 ,  .   , 

     ,  ..,  -

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     

  , ,    , -

- ,    -

 .       

    ,   

    ( ., 219, 222;

, 219).      (., ,

, 28, , 212, , 211),   -

     , -

   ,  «», -

 ,    .

     

 ,    -

    . ,  

    (..  

  ),     -

,      « », 

   ,  ,    -

   .

      

   — ..   -

    . ,  

., «   ,   »,  -

       -

/ « » ( . ).  

«»  ,     ,

   « ».   , -

  (  ,      -

, ),    ,   

  , ,  .

Заключение

      

       -

    ,   -

   (),    -

      ,

     , -

      .

СПИСОК ИСТОЧНИКОВ

 . .,  . .    . .,

21. . 8–13.

Интеграция ибезопасность встранах Азиатского региона 27

 . .,  . .    (-

) 1917–1941 .: -  //  . .

-.  . Humanitates. 219. . 5,  2. . 133–152.

 . .      -

  (   ) //  . . -. 214.

 389. . 139–144.

 . .  . ., 1994. . 217–218.

 . .   :  . 

, . ., 219. 432 .

 . .    //  .

213.  4 (27). . 26–34.

 . .     

     //  . .

4. , 218. . 115–12.

 . .      XIX— XX .:

-  //  . . -. . 2: 

. 213.  4 (12). . 35–39.

 . .      -

      . // -

. 218. N. 4. . 26–36.

 . .     -

:       () // 

 . 216.  4. . 191–215.

 . .     -

   //   ( -

 ). 214.  21. . 189–197.

 . . . 2.  . .: , 1996. . 353.

 . .     . .,

23. 576 .

 . .    : . . :  -

, 28. 317 .

 . . - — 75   (   

   ) //    -

. . 6. , 212. . 213–216.

 . .      ( 

      //  .

22.  22. . 61–613.

 . .    //   -

. ., 1993. . 84.

 . .   -  -

  XIX . //  . , 213. . 24–3.

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 . . C  :  -

   : . : -, 212. 36 .

. :  - . . : 

, 214. 384 .

 . . (27).     -

   //    -

.  9:   .  6. . 3–34.

 . . .: Strelka Press, 215. 45 .

. . : , 1982. 328 .

 . .      

 : . … . . . , 21. 86 .

 . .,  . .,  . .  

  :    

     . : -

. 219. . 19,  4. . 737–755.

 . .,  . .,  . .   -

     //  

   . 222. . 1,  11. . 21–29.

 ..,  .. «  »— «

»    //  

. 22.  2(67). . 89–98.

 . .      XVII 

// -      (-

, , ). , 217. . 47–6.

 . .    :  -

 //      . . .

. .: . . . . 213.

. 24,  3. . 228–234.

 . .  : . . .: -,

2. 416 .

 . .     : 

 - . ., 1998. 35 .

 . .     -

 : . … . . . , 26. 192 .

 . .    :  

? //   .  19:  -

 . 217.  4. . 12–117.

   :   // -

  . 213.  1. . 79–9.

: 3- . / . .. . .: - , 26. 29 .

Интеграция ибезопасность встранах Азиатского региона 29

      -

 . , 214. . 1. . 11.

. . . 1:   = Arts de faire. .

: -  - -, 213. 328 .

 . .      -

  : . … . . . , 27. 143 .

 . .,  .,  . .,  . . -

 ,   //  . 29.

1. . 2. . 36–39.

 . .     (  -

  ): . . ... . .  (-

), ., 24.

 . Die sociallehren der christlichen Kirchen und Gruppen // Gesammelten

Schrien. Tubingen, 1923. Bd. 13. Au. S. 361–377 / . .. ..  // -

 :   : 2 . . 1. ., 1994. . 141.

 . .  . ., 1986. 352 .

 . .   : , , «-

 » . : , 1996. 72 .

. :    

. .: Strelka Press, 212. 37 .

 . .      -

:   //    . -

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- .  :   

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СВЕДЕНИЯ ОБ АВТОРАХ / INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHORS

  — . . ,   

  «», , .

Oksana E. Noyanzina— Cand. Sci. (Sociology), Senior Researcher at Rosbiotech, Mos-

cow, Russia.

  — - . , , 

   «», , .

Svetlana G. Maximova— Dr. Sci. (Sociology), Professor, Head ofthe Laboratory ofRos-

biotech, Moscow, Russia.

 — - . , ,   -

    , , -

.

Purevsuren Tsedenbal — Dr. Sci. (Philosophy), Professor, Rector, Western Regional

School ofNational University ofMongolia.

  — . . , ,  

   «», , .

Daria A. Omelchenko— PhD Social Sciences (Sociology), Associate Professor, Senior

Researcher at Rosbiotech, Moscow, Russia.

Society andSecurity Insights № 3 2024 34

  — . . , ,  -

 -     -

  , , .

Munhbayar Boroldoy Chuluunbat— Cand. Sci. (History), Associate Professor, Lecturer

ofthe Department ofSocial Sciences andHumanities, Western Regional School ofNa-

tional University ofMongolia, Hovd, Mongolia.

   —   , 

     -

, , .

Irkhet tand Manhan Bayarsaikhan— Master ofPedagogical Sciences, lecturer, Western

Regional School ofNational University ofMongolia, Hovd, Mongolia.

Статья поступила вредакцию 2.09.2024;

одобрена после рецензирования 21.09.2024;

принята кпубликации 21.09.2024.

The article was submitted 2.09.2024;

approved after reviewing 21.09.2024;

accepted for publication 21.09.2024.