SOCIETY AND SECURITY INSIGHTS
64 ʋ
ɍȾɄ
ȼɇȿɒɇȿɌɈɊȽɈȼȺəȾȿəɌȿɅɖɇɈɋɌɖ
ɉɊȿȾɉɊɂəɌɂɃȺɅɌȺɃɋɄɈȽɈɄɊȺə
ɄȺɄɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɃɆȿɏȺɇɂɁɆɍɑȺɋɌɂə
ȼȽɅɈȻȺɅɖɇɕɏɐȿɉɈɑɄȺɏɋɈɁȾȺɇɂə
ȾɈȻȺȼɅȿɇɇɈɃɋɌɈɂɆɈɋɌɂ
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ɋɇȻɨɱɚɪɨɜɈɂȽɟɪɦɚɧ
ȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬȻɚɪɧɚɭɥɊɨɫɫɢɹ
(PDLOEVNDQ#PDLOUXEXK#PFDVXUX
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɧɚɥɢɡɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨ-
ɝɨɤɪɚɹɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɣɢɯɭɱɚɫɬɢɹɜɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯɰɟɩɨɱɤɚɯɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɢɥɢ
ɞɚɧɧɵɟɎɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɫɥɭɠɛɵɡɚɩɟɪɢɨɞɝɝɇɚɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚɢɢɦɩɨɪɬɚȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɹ
ɡɚɝɚɜɬɨɪɵɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɟɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɢɦɩɨɪɬ-
ɧɵɟɩɨɬɨɤɢȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɹɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɱɬɨɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɪɚɛɨɬɵɢɦɟɸɬ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɢɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɩɪɢɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ-
ɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɟɲɟɧɢɣɤɚɤɧɚɭɪɨɜɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɜɥɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬ-
ɤɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɬɚɤɢɧɚɭɪɨɜɧɟɛɢɡɧɟɫɫɬɪɭɤ-
ɬɭɪɤɚɤɡɜɟɧɶɟɜɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯɰɟɩɨɱɟɤɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬ ɢɦɩɨɪɬ Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢɜɧɟɲɧɟɬɨɪɝɨɜɚɹɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
 ɋɬɚɬɶɹɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚɩɪɢɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟɊɎɎɂɇɚɭɱɧɵɣɩɪɨɟɤɬȺ©ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɝɥɨ-
ɛɚɥɶɧɵɯɰɟɩɨɱɟɤɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢɤɚɤɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɷɤɨɧɨ-
ɦɢɤɢɪɟɝɢɨɧɚªȾɚɧɧɚɹɫɬɚɬɶɹɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɦɪɚɧɟɟɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɢɩɭɛɥɢɤɭ-
ɟɬɫɹɧɚɢɯɨɫɧɨɜɟȻɨɱɚɪɨɜɋɇɐɟɩɨɱɤɢɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢɜɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɤɪɚɹɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɟɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɩɪɟɩɪɢɧɬɋɇȻɨɱɚɪɨɜɢɞɪɩɨɞɪɟɞɋɇȻɨɱɚɪɨɜɚ
ȼɂȻɟɥɹɟɜɚɊȺɋɚɦɫɨɧɨɜɚɢɞɪȻɚɪɧɚɭɥɂɡɞɜɨȺɥɬɭɧɬɚȻɨɱɚɪɨɜɋɇɄɚɮɬɚɧɞɠɢɟɜ
ɏɇɊɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɜɧɟɲɧɟɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɹɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɨɛɡɨɪɡɚɝɨɞ
ȼɤɧɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚɤɚɞɪɨɜɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ9
ɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɮɨɪɭɦɚɩɨɞɪɟɞɋȼɅɨɛɨɜɨɣɋɇȻɨɱɚɪɨɜɚȻɚɪɧɚɭɥɂɡɞɜɨ
Ⱥɥɬɭɧɬɚɋ±ȽɟɪɦɚɧɈɂɌɪɨɲɤɢɧɚȽɇɘɞɢɧɰɟɜȺɘȺɧɚɥɢɡɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣɞɟɹ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɹɜɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟɜɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɜɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɭɸɰɟɩɨɱɤɭɫɬɨɢɦɨ-
ɫɬɢȼɤɧɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚɤɚɞɪɨɜɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
9ɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɮɨɪɭɦɚɩɨɞɪɟɞɋȼɅɨɛɨɜɨɣɋɇȻɨɱɚɪɨɜɚȻɚɪɧɚɭɥɂɡɞ
ɜɨȺɥɬɭɧɬɚɋ±
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ȽɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɟɰɟɩɨɱɤɢɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢȽɐɋɋɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɫɨɛɨɣɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɣɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɧɚɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢɧɚɪɚɡɧɵɯɫɬɚɞɢɹɯɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢ
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ɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɣɫɹɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɢɯɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɢɡɪɚɡɧɵɯɫɬɪɚɧɩɪɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɢɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɬɨɜɚɪɨɜɢɭɫɥɭɝɈɫ
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ɧɨɜɧɵɦɢɦɨɬɢɜɚɦɢɢɯɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹɢɡɞɟɪɠɟɤɢɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟ-
ɧɢɹɢɡɡɚɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɸɪɢɫɞɢɤɰɢɣȽɐɋɋɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɭɱɚɫɬɧɢ-
ɤɚɦɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟɪɵɧɤɢɫɛɵɬɚɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɢɯɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɸɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ
ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ
ɚɬɚɤɠɟɪɨɫɬɭɭɪɨɜɧɹɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢɢɞɨɯɨɞɨɜɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɨɱɟɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɱɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɡɚɞɚɱ
ɜɨɩɟɪɜɵɯɨɰɟɧɤɚɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɪɨɫɬɚɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɜɱɚɫɬɢɨɩɪɟ
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ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɟɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɢɭɪɨɜɧɹɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ-
ɫɬɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɧɚɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɟɪɵɧɤɢɜɨɜɬɨɪɵɯɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟ-
ɧɢɣɩɨɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɞɥɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɢɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯɬɨɜɚɪɨɜɢɭɫɥɭɝɢɪɚɡɜɢ
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ɬɢɟɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɫɜɹɡɟɣɫɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɦɢɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɚɦɢɜɬɪɟɬɶɢɯɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɢɧ-
ɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹɢɨɰɟɧɤɚɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜɞɥɹɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɩɨɥɭɱɚɟ-
ɦɵɯɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɭɱɚɫɬɢɹɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɜɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯɰɟɩɨɱɤɚɯ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢɄɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɨɰɟɧɤɚɜɧɟɲɧɟɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨ
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SOCIETY AND SECURITY INSIGHTS
66 ʋ
ɝɨɤɪɚɹɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɥɹɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜɜɫɢɥɭɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɟɟɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɦɨɝɭɬɹɜɢɬɶɫɹɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ
ɞɥɹɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɟɲɟɧɢɣɤɚɤɧɚɭɪɨɜɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɢɫɩɨɥ
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ɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɬɚɤ
ɢɧɚɭɪɨɜɧɟɛɢɡɧɟɫɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɤɚɤɡɜɟɧɶɟɜɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯɰɟɩɨɱɟɤɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧ
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ɧɨɣɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ȺɧɚɥɢɡɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɹɜɤɨɧɬɟɤ
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ɫɬɟɜɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɜɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɭɸɰɟɩɨɱɤɭɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ
ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɡɚ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɢ ɪɵɧɤɢ ɫɛɵɬɚ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɰɟɩɨɱɟɤɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢɢɜɵɯɨɞɨɦɧɚɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟɪɵɧɤɢɈɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɷɬɨɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɞɥɹɚɥɬɚɣ
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ɫɤɢɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɬɨɥɤɧɭɥɢɫɶɫɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɹɪɨɫɬɚɫɧɢ-
ɠɟɧɢɹɭɪɨɜɧɹɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɭɬɪɚɬɵɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣɞɨɥɢȼɷɬɢɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨɣɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɞɥɹɚɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɚɬɶ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯɰɟɩɨɱɟɤɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯɧɚɪɚɫ
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ɬɢɬɶɨɛɴɟɦɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢɫɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶɸɢɩɨɥɭ-
ɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ
ɜɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɜɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɭɸɰɟɩɨɱɤɭɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɨɫɧɨɜɨɣɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ
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ɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɢɞɚɧɧɵɟɎɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɫɥɭɠɛɵɫɦɫɚɣɬɎɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɫɥɭɠɛɵ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ²ȾɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɬɨɜɚɪɨɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɩɨɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɹ
ɡɚ±ɝɝɦɥɧɞɨɥɥɋɒȺ
ɩɨɞɚɧɧɵɦɎɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɫɥɭɠɛɵ
ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɖɂɂɇɌȿȽɊȺɐɂəȼɋɌɊȺɇȺɏȺɁɂȺɌɋɄɈȽɈɊȿȽɂɈɇȺ
67ʋ
ȼɝɱɢɫɥɨɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɜȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɦ
ɤɪɚɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɨɫɶɫɞɨɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜɩɨɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸɫɝɈɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɫɚɣɬ
Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɹ
ȾɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɬɨɜɚɪɨɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɩɨɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨ
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ɝɨɤɪɚɹɡɚ±ɝɝɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɧɚɪɢɫɭɧɤɟɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɜɵɹɜɢɥ
ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɸɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɨɛɴɟɦɚɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɢɦɩɨɪɬɧɵɯɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣɜȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɦɤɪɚɟ
ɡɚɩɟɪɢɨɞ±ɝɝɈɞɧɚɤɨɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭɨɛɴɟɦɚɜɧɟɲ
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ɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɜɝɧɚɦɟɬɢɥɚɫɶɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹɤɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸɨɛɴ-
ɟɦɨɜɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚɢɢɦɩɨɪɬɚɜȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɦɤɪɚɟɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚɨɛ-
ɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚɤɚɤɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɦɚɩɪɨɞɚɠɬɚɤɢɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟɦɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ
ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯɰɟɧ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɜɝɫɥɨɠɢɥɚɫɶɫɥɟɞɭɸ
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ɳɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɪɢɫ
ɢɦɩɨɪɬ²
ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬ²
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ²Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɬɨɜɚɪɨɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɹɡɚɝɨɞɵɩɨɞɚɧɧɵɦɎɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɫɥɭɠɛɵ
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɬɨɜɚɪɨɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɩɨɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɚȼɝɩɨɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸɫɝɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣɜɟɫɨɛɴɟɦɚ
ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣɈɞɧɚɤɨɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟɝɨɞɵɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɢɦɩɨɪɬɚ
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢ
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ɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɛɵɥɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɚɹɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɚɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨɢɦɩɨɪɬɚɢɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɜɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɜɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɭɸɰɟɩɨɱɤɭɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢȺɧɚ
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ɥɢɡɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɱɬɨɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶɢɦɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɣɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢɧɚɱɢɧɚɹɫɝ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɚɫɶɤɚɤɡɚɫɱɟɬɢɦɩɨɪɬɚɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢɬɚɤɢɡɚɫɱɟɬɢɦɩɨɪɬɚɩɪɨɞɭɤ
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ɰɢɢɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɪɢɫ
SOCIETY AND SECURITY INSIGHTS
68 ʋ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ²ȾɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɢɦɩɨɪɬɚɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢɜȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɦɤɪɚɟ
ɡɚɩɟɪɢɨɞɝɝɦɥɧɞɨɥɥɋɒȺ
ɩɨɞɚɧɧɵɦɎɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɫɥɭɠɛɵ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɨ-
ɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɮɚɛɪɢɤɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ 
ɧɚɞɨɥɸɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ²ȼ ɝɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣɜɟɫɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢɝɥɭɛɨ
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ɤɨɣɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚɜɝɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɟɫɚ
ɞɨɪɢɫ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ²ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɚɹɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɢɦɩɨɪɬɚɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢɜȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɦɤɪɚɟ
ɡɚɩɟɪɢɨɞ±ɝɝ
ɩɨɞɚɧɧɵɦɎɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɫɥɭɠɛɵ
ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɖɂɂɇɌȿȽɊȺɐɂəȼɋɌɊȺɇȺɏȺɁɂȺɌɋɄɈȽɈɊȿȽɂɈɇȺ
69ʋ
ɋɝɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɨɛɴɟɦɚɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚɡɚɫɱɟɬɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹɫɬɨɢɦɨ-
ɫɬɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɩɪɢɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɢɨɛɴɟɦɚ
ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɪɢɫȼɝɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɥɨɠɢ
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ɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚɤɚɤɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɬɚɤɢɤɨ-
ɧɟɱɧɨɣɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɩɪɢɱɟɦɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɭɜɟɥɢɱɢ-
ɥɚɫɶɩɨɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸɫɝɧɚɱɬɨɜɵɲɟɪɨɫɬɚɧɟɫɵɪɶɟɜɨɝɨɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚɜɰɟɥɨɦ
ɩɨɊɎɋɚɣɬɆɢɧɷɤɨɧɨɦɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɊɎ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ²ȾɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢɜȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɦɤɪɚɟ
ɡɚɩɟɪɢɨɞ±ɝɝɦɥɧɞɨɥɥɋɒȺ
ɩɨɞɚɧɧɵɦɎɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɫɥɭɠɛɵ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ²ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɚɹɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢɜȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɦɤɪɚɟɡɚɩɟɪɢɨɞ±ɝɝ
ɩɨɞɚɧɧɵɦɎɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɫɥɭɠɛɵ