ɋɈɐɂɈɅɈȽɂəȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ

93ʋ

ɋɈɐɂɈɅɈȽɂəȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ

SOCIOLOGY OF SECURITY

ɍȾɄ

ɇȺɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɇɕȿɈȻɔȿȾɂɇȿɇɂə

ɄȺɄɈɋɇɈȼȺɎɈɊɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂəɆȿɀɗɌɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ

ɈɌɇɈɒȿɇɂɃ

ȼɌɊȺɇɋȽɊȺɇɂɑɇɈɆɊȿȽɂɈɇȿɊɈɋɋɂɂ

Ⱥɋɀɚɧɛɨɫɢɧɨɜɚ

ɋȽɆɚɤɫɢɦɨɜɚ

ȾȺɈɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɤɨ

ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ

ɢɦɋȺɦɚɧɠɨɥɨɜɚɍɫɬɶɄɚɦɟɧɨɝɨɪɫɤɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ

ȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬȻɚɪɧɚɭɥɊɨɫɫɢɹ

(PDLOVYHWPD[LPRYD#\DQGH[UXVRYHWXN#UDPEOHUUX

GDULDRPHOFKHQNR#PDLOUXQRH#OLVWUX

ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɨɛɴ-

ɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɸɢɯɪɨɥɢɜɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɦɟɠɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ

ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɹ ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɨɰɢ-

ɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ  ɝ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ⱥɥɬɚɣ-

ɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɹɉɨɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɞɟɥɚɧɪɹɞɜɵɜɨɞɨɜɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ

ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɜɭɫɥɨ-

ɜɢɹɯɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ

ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ

ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɜɪɟɝɢɨɧɟɝɨ-

ɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ

ɜɪɟɝɢɨɧɟɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɣɞɥɹɦɟɠɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ

ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶ-

ɬɭɪɧɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɛɨɥɶɲɚɹɱɚɫɬɶɢɡɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɢɦɟɟɬɜɵɫɨɤɢɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɭɞɨɜ-

 ɉɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɹɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɝɪɚɧɬɚɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɎɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢɞɥɹ

ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢɜɟɞɭɳɢɯɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɲɤɨɥɇɒ©ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɪɢɫɤɢɢɛɟɡɨ-

ɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜɜɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɨɦɩɪɢɝɪɚɧɢɱɶɟɊɨɫɫɢɢª

±ɝɝ

SOCIETY AND SECURITY INSIGHTS

94 ʋ

ɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ȼ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ

ɇɄȺ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɫɩɥɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ

ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɬɶɫɹɞɥɹɡɚɳɢɬɵɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ

ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɛɭɞɭɬɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɞɥɹɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɮɨɪ-

ɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɯɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɜɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ

Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɷɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɧɨ

ɲɟɧɢɹɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɣɪɟɝɢɨɧɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ

ETHNIC CULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS

AS A BASIS FOR INTER-ETHNIC RELATIONS

IN A TRANSBORDER REGION OF RUSSIA

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ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɜɬɚɤɨɣɧɚɫɵɳɟɧ

ɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦɢɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɚɦɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɢɤɨɧɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ

ɫɬɪɚɧɟɤɚɤɊɨɫɫɢɹɢɦɟɟɬɫɥɨɠɧɭɸɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɸɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɫɨɜɨ

ɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɸɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɢɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɤɚɤɧɚɫɨɰɢɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟɬɚɤɢɧɚ

ɋɈɐɂɈɅɈȽɂəȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ

95ʋ

ɭɪɨɜɧɟɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɝɪɭɩɩɢɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɨɜȽɨɪɛɭɧɨɜɚȿɫɢɩɟɧɤɨɆɚɤɫɢɦɨɜɚ

ɍɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɢɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɧɟɨɛ

ɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɜɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɢɜɵɫɬɪɚ-

ɢɜɚɧɢɹɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ

ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɮɚɤɬɨɪɵɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɬɶɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ

ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɂ ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɧɟɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨ

ɫɬɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɦɟɠɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɧɚɥɢ-

ɱɢɢɪɚɫɤɨɥɚɜɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɦɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɢɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ

ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɭɪɨɜɧɹɯɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ2PHOFKHQNRHW

DOɋɭɱɟɬɨɦɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɝɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɦɟɠɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɬɧɨɲɟ

ɧɢɣɞɥɹɨɰɟɧɤɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɩɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚ-

ɰɢɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɟɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ

ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣɜɧɭɬɪɢɢɦɟɠɞɭɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ

ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɦɢɷɬ

ɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢɢɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ0D[LPRYDHWDO

Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ

ȼɯɨɞɟɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɜȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɦɤɪɚɟɜɝɛɵɥɢɢɡ

ɭɱɟɧɵ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ

ɜɪɟɝɢɨɧɟɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɞɨɜɟɪɢɹɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɤɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɚ

ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ

ȼɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɦɨɩɪɨɫɟɩɪɢɧɹɥɢɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢɢɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɢɪɭɤɨɜɨ

ɞɢɬɟɥɟɣɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɹɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɞɟ-

ɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣɢɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ

ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ȼ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ

ɦɭɠɱɢɧɢɠɟɧɳɢɧ²ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣɢɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣɧɚɰɢɨ

ɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɹȼɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ²ɨɬ

ɞɨɝɨɞɚ

ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɵɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɢɩɨɞɟɫɹɬɢɛɚɥɥɶɧɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɟ

ɨɰɟɧɤɢɛɵɥɢɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɦɟɪɨɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢɞɥɹɭɞɨɛ

ɫɬɜɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɜɪɹɞɟɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟɞɚɧɧɵɟɛɵɥɢɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ

ɜɝɪɭɩɩɵɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ±ɛɚɥɥɨɜɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ±ɛɚɥɥɨɜɢɧɢɡɤɢɯ±ɛɚɥɥɚɨɰɟɧɨɤ

Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ

ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜ

ɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɫɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟ-

ɞɢɧɟɧɢɣɭɤɚɡɚɥɢɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɨɧɢɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɤɨɥɥɟɝɚɦɢɉɪɢɷɬɨɦ

ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɲɢɪɨɤɚɨɧɢɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵɤɚɤɫɧɚ

ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢɫɜɨɟɝɨɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɝɨɪɨɞɚɫɟɥɚ²ɬɚɤɢɜɫɟɝɨ

ɤɪɚɹȻɨɥɶɲɚɹɱɚɫɬɶɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɜɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ

ɢɦɟɸɬɧɚɥɚɠɟɧɧɵɟɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ

ɧɚɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯɞɪɭɝɢɯɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜȾɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɫɜɹɡɚɧɚɫɤɨɧ

SOCIETY AND SECURITY INSIGHTS

96 ʋ

ɬɚɤɬɚɦɢɡɚɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢɊɨɫɫɢɢɜɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯɫɬɪɚɧɋɇȽ²ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɫɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚ-

ɰɢɹɦɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɨɦɪɢɫ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ²Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɨɬɜɟɬɨɜɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜɧɚɜɨɩɪɨɫ

©ɋɤɚɤɢɦɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦɢɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ

ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬȼɚɲɚɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ"ª

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ²Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɨɬɜɟɬɨɜɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜɧɚɜɨɩɪɨɫ

©Ʉɚɤɢɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬɮɨɪɦɵɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹȼɚɲɟɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ

ɫɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦɢɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ"ª

Ɂɚɱɚɫɬɭɸɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɢɦɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦɬɚɤɨɝɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ

ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɟɪɧɟɟɬɟɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɜɫɮɟɪɟɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ

ɋɈɐɂɈɅɈȽɂəȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ

97ʋ

ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɧɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬȺɤɬɢɜɧɨɜɨɜɥɟɤɚ-

ɸɬɫɹɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɜɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɦɟɪɨ-

ɩɪɢɹɬɢɣɫɜɨɢɯɤɨɥɥɟɝɜɵɛɨɪɨɜɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣɨɬɦɟɬɢɥɢɫɜɨɟɭɱɚ-

ɫɬɢɟɜɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɨɛɦɟɧɟɦɟɠɞɭɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢɤɪɚɹ²ɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɸɬɫɹ

ɜɪɚɛɨɬɭɪɚɡɧɨɝɨɪɨɞɚɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɨɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɜɬɨɦ

ɱɢɫɥɟɜɮɨɪɦɚɬɟɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɩɚɥɚɬɢɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɫɨɜɟɬɨɜɭɤɚɡɚɥɢɧɚɬɨ

ɱɬɨɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸɢɩɪɚɜɨɜɭɸɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭɨɬɞɪɭɝɢɯɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɛɴɟ

ɞɢɧɟɧɢɣɚɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ²ɷɬɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹɩɨɦɨɳɶɪɢɫ

ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɜɪɟɝɢɨɧɟɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɚɫɶɷɤɫɩɟɪ

ɬɚɦɢɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɥɸɞɟɣɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɬɶɫɹɞɥɹ

ɡɚɳɢɬɵɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɢɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɜɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢɢɪɚɡɜɢ

ɬɢɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɢɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣɪɚɡɧɵɯɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣɢɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶ-

ɧɵɯɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɣɧɚɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɱɜɟɢɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɜɦɟɠɧɚ-

ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣɜɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɮɟɪɟ

ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɫɪɟɞɢɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɹɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɬɶɫɹɞɥɹɡɚ

ɳɢɬɵɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɥɫ ɨɞɧɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɫɩɨ-

ɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɨɥɢɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ

ɫɜɨɟɣɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɝɪɭɩɩɵɫɞɪɭɝɨɣ²ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɥɨɰɟɧɢɬɶɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ

ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢɜɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɢɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɧɢɢɷɬ

ɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɟɨɰɟɧɤɢɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢɨɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɜɵɫɨ-

ɤɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣɫɪɟɞɧɟɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨɛɚɥɥɚɬɨɥɶɤɨ

ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢɧɢɡɤɢɟɨɰɟɧɤɢɞɨɛɚɥɥɨɜ²ɭɤɚɡɚɥɢɧɚɫɪɟɞ

ɧɸɸɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɣ±ɛɚɥɥɨɜɢ²ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢɦɚɤ-

ɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɜɵɫɨɤɢɟɨɰɟɧɤɢ±ɛɚɥɥɨɜɪɢɫ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ²Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯɨɰɟɧɨɤɩɨɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸ

©ɋɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɥɸɞɟɣɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɬɶɫɹɱɬɨɛɵɜɦɟɫɬɟɡɚɳɢɳɚɬɶɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵª

SOCIETY AND SECURITY INSIGHTS

98 ʋ

ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨ-

ɜɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɰɟɧɟɧɵ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɚ-

ɛɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɚɥɨɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɟ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ

ɜ ɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ  ɛɚɥɥɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟ

ɧɢɣ²ɛɚɥɥɚɦɟɞɢɚɧɵɭɨɛɨɢɯɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣɪɚɜɧɹɥɢɫɶɛɚɥɥɚɦɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɟ

ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ²ɛɚɥɥɚɦɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢɨɰɟɧɤɢɧɢɠɟɛɚɥɥɨɜɱɬɨɫɜɢɞɟ

ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨɨɦɢɪɧɨɦɢɛɟɫɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɧɨɦɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ

ɜȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɦɤɪɚɟ Ɇɟɠɞɭɬɟɦ ɧɟɫɬɨɢɬɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɛɟɡɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚ

ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɨɰɟɧɨɤɱɟɬɵɪɟɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚɢɡɜɵɫɨɤɨɨɰɟɧɢɥɢɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɦɟɠɧɚɰɢ-

ɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɬɨɥɶɤɨɠɟɷɬɨɨɞɧɢɢɬɟɠɟɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɵ²ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ

ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɣɧɚɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɱɜɟɪɢɫɊɟɱɶɢɞɟɬɨɛɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚɯɢɡɛɟɥɨɪɭɫ

ɫɤɢɯɢɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɯɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣɢɢɯɦɧɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶ

ɪɟɥɟɜɚɧɬɧɨɞɥɹɦɧɨɝɢɯɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣɞɢɚɫɩɨɪɞɚɧɧɵɯɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟɪɟ

ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ

ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢɜɵɹɫɧɟɧɢɹɢɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɯɧɟɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɚ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ²Ƚɢɫɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɵɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯɨɰɟɧɨɤɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ

ɜɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯɫɥɟɜɚ

ɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɣɧɚɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɱɜɟɫɩɪɚɜɚ

Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ

ɭɪɨɜɧɸɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɧɚɰɢ

ɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣɫɪɟɞɧɟɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɩɨɞɚɧɧɨɦɭɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨɛɚɥɥɚɦɟ-

ɞɢɚɧɚ²ɛɚɥɥɨɜɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ²ɛɚɥɥɨɜɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ

ɩɨɞɚɧɧɨɦɭɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸɧɚɢɜɵɫɲɢɟɨɰɟɧɤɢɌɨɥɶɤɨɨɞɢɧɢɡɨɩɪɨɲɟɧɧɵɯɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ

ɨɰɟɧɤɢɧɢɠɟɛɚɥɥɨɜɪɢɫ

ȼɚɠɧɵɦɢɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢ

ɱɟɫɬɜɨɦɟɠɞɭɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦɢɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢɢɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɦɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ

ɋɈɐɂɈɅɈȽɂəȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ

99ʋ

ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɡɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜ

ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ Ȼɭɞɭɱɢ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚ

ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɧɚɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ

ɫɚɦɨɛɵɬɧɨɫɬɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸɹɡɵɤɚɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɸ

ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɧɚɰɢɢɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɦɟɠɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ

ɦɟɠɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɦɭ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɭ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ

ɧɚɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɭɸɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɸɢɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɸɦɢɝɪɚɧɬɨɜɁɚɤɨɧɨɧɚɰɢ

ɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɢɇɄȺ

ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɨɮɨɪɦɨɣɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɫɚɦɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ

ɦɟɫɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɯ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ

Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɧɨ

ɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ

ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ

ɢɦɟɧɧɨɧɚɧɢɯɥɨɠɢɬɫɹɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɱɚɫɬɶɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸɝɚɪ

ɦɨɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɫɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɪɨ-

ɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɦɟɠɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɠɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ

ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣɦɟɠɞɭɷɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɭɪɧɵɦɢɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ²Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯɨɰɟɧɨɤɩɨɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸ

©ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶɢɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣɪɚɡɧɵɯɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣª

ɇɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɭɸɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶ-

ɬɭɪɧɵɯɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɢɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɢɯɢɦɢɞɠɚɢɝɪɚɟɬɢɬɨɤɚ-

ɤɭɸɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɨɪ-

ɝɚɧɵɜɥɚɫɬɢɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ

ɩɨɥɟɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ²ɜɫɦɵɫɥɟɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɞɚɧɧɵɣɬɟɪɦɢɧɬɪɚɤɬɭɟɬɫɹ

SOCIETY AND SECURITY INSIGHTS

100 ʋ

ɜɪɚɛɨɬɚɯɑɌɢɥɥɢȾɆɚɤȺɞɚɦɚɆȾɢɚɧɢɋɌɷɪɪɨɭɢɞɪɭɝɢɯ

ɭɱɟɧɵɯɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯɢɞɟɢɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ²ɞɥɹɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ

ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣɌɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɨɪ

ɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɢɟɟɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɜɜɢɞɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚɮɨɪɦɢ-

ɪɭɟɦɨɝɨɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯɧɨɪɦɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɟɬɟɣɢɞɨɜɟɪɢɹ&ROHPDQ

3XWQDP)XNX\DPD7D\ORUɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɭɟɬɫɹɪɚɡɧɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɦɢɭɫɥɨ

ɜɢɹɦɢɤɚɤɦɚɤɪɨɬɚɤɢɦɢɤɪɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢɹɪɤɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ

ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɣɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨ

ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣɧɨɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɢɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ

ɦɢɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯɢɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɨɫɧɨɜɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜ-

ɧɵɯɩɪɚɜɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ

ȼ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟ

ɧɢɣɜȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɦɤɪɚɟɩɪɢɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɣɛɵɥɫɞɟ-

ɥɚɧɚɤɰɟɧɬɧɚɬɨɤɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɢɯɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦɫɱɢ-

ɬɚɸɬɥɢɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɢɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ

ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬɥɢɞɨɜɟɪɢɟɤɷɬɨɣɮɨɪɦɟɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ

ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɉɤɨɥɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɨɩɪɨɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɞɚɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ

ɭɪɨɜɧɸɞɨɜɟɪɢɹɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ

ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɣɨɩɪɨɲɟɧɧɵɯɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥɢɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɞɨɜɟɪɢɹɤɇɄȺɤɚɤɜɵ

ɫɨɤɢɣɧɢɡɤɢɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɨɬɦɟɬɢɥɢɬɨɥɶɤɨ  ±ɤ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ  ɝɪɢɫ 

Ɍɨɥɶɤɨɨɩɪɨɲɟɧɧɵɯɨɰɟɧɢɥɢɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɞɨɜɟɪɢɹɧɢɠɟɛɚɥɥɨɜɱɬɨɜɫɨɜɨɤɭɩ

ɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɨ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɬ

ɜɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɵɯɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɢɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬɞɨ

ɛɪɨɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɢɯɪɨɥɶɜɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɛɥɚɝɨ-

ɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɝɨɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɥɢɦɚɬɚɜɪɟɝɢɨɧɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ²Ɉɰɟɧɤɚɭɪɨɜɧɹɞɨɜɟɪɢɹɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ

ɤɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ

ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɷɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ-

ɧɨɣɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɢɚɫɩɨɪɚɦɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɫɨɛɨɣɫɩɥɨɱɟɧɧɵɟ

ɋɈɐɂɈɅɈȽɂəȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ

101ʋ

ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɧɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟ-

ɧɢɹɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɵɞɥɹɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɫɜɨɟɣ ɢɞɟɧ-

ɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɞɨɜɟɪɹɥɨɩɨɦɧɟɧɢɸɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜɜɦɟɧɶɲɟɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɩɨɥɨɜɢ-

ɧɚɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜɞɚɥɢɫɪɟɞɧɢɟɨɰɟɧɤɢɭɪɨɜɧɸɞɨɜɟɪɢɹɤɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɞɢɚɫɩɨɪ

ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟɨɰɟɧɤɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢɧɢɡɤɢɟ²Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ

ɫɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɞɨɜɟɪɢɹɤɇɄȺɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɞɨɜɟɪɢɹɤɞɢɚɫɩɨɪɚɦɛɵɥɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɜɵɫɨɤ

ɱɬɨɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɨɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɯɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɟɞɨɜɟɪɢɹɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ

ɢɞɢɚɫɩɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɯɝɪɭɩɩɪɢɫ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ²Ɉɰɟɧɤɚɭɪɨɜɧɹɞɨɜɟɪɢɹɤɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɞɢɚɫɩɨɪ

Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ

ȼɰɟɥɨɦɦɨɠɧɨɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɜɵɜɨɞɵɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɰɟɧɤɢɪɨɥɢɧɚɰɢ

ɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɜɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɟɠɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɜȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɦɤɪɚɟ

Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɪɚɡɜɨ

ɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ

ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɜɪɟɝɢɨɧɟɭɪɨɜɧɟɦɞɨɜɟɪɢɹɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɤɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ

ɧɵɯɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɪɟɝɢɨɧɟɝɨ-

ɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɵ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬ

ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɹɢɯɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶɜ ɜɵɪɚ

ɠɟɧɢɢɫɨɥɢɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɢɫɱɥɟɧɚɦɢɫɜɨɟɣɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɝɪɭɩɩɵɡɚɳɢɬɟɷɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ

ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɱɬɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦɞɥɹɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ

ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɇɄȺɢɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɜɰɟɥɨɦ

ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɜɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯɢɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɣ

ɧɚɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɱɜɟɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɦɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜɤɚɤɫɥɚɛɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧ

ɧɵɟɢɦɚɥɨɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɟɱɬɨɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬɨɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɦɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨ-

ɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɜɪɟɝɢɨɧɟɫɥɚɛɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨ-

ɜɚɧɧɵɯɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɧɵɯɢɩɪɨɬɟɫɬɧɵɯɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ

ɇɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɜɰɟɥɨɦɞɨɜɟɪɹɟɬɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɚɜɬɨɧɨ

ɦɢɣɢɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɞɢɚɫɩɨɪɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɯɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɩɨɦɟɠɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɚ-

SOCIETY AND SECURITY INSIGHTS

102 ʋ

ɰɢɢɢɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɜɪɟɝɢɨɧɟɈɞɧɚɤɨɷɬɨɞɨɜɟɪɢɟɧɟɨɞɢɧɚ-

ɤɨɜɨɢɟɫɥɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɹɦɩɨɦɧɟɧɢɸɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜɞɨɜɟɪɹɟɬ

ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɬɨɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɞɢɚɫɩɨɪɚɦɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɛɨɥɶɲɚɹɧɚɫɬɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ

ɋɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɠɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ

ɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ

ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɫɜɨɟɣɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸȼɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɇɄȺ

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɫɩɥɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɬɶɫɹ

ɞɥɹɡɚɳɢɬɵɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɱɬɨɷɬɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɫ

ɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɞɜɭɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɇɄȺ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ

ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɷɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ

ɜɫɜɨɸɨɱɟɪɟɞɶɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɹɜɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ

ɢɯɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦɭɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ

ȻɂȻɅɂɈȽɊȺɎɂɑȿɋɄɂɃɋɉɂɋɈɄ

ȽɨɪɛɭɧɨɜɚȺȺȿɫɢɩɟɧɤɨɈȼɆɚɤɫɢɦɨɜɚɋȽɊɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦɟɠɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɬɧɨɲɟ

ɧɢɣɢɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɹȼɟɫɬɧɢɤȺɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ

ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ±

ɈɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɢɎɟɞɟɪɡɚɤɨɧɨɬɢɸɧɹɝʋɎɁ

ɜɪɟɞɨɬ85/KWWSEDVHJDUDQWUX

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REFERENCES

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