Biochemical and antioxidant characteristics of the soil strain Chlorococcum oleofaciens (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) grown in light, dark and bicarbonate conditions

Aaronson S, Dhawale SW, Patni NJ, Deangelis B, Frank O, Baker H (1977) The cell content and secretion of water-soluble vitamins by several freshwater algae. Archives of Microbiology 112: 57–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00446654

Abalde J, Fabregas J, Herrero C (1991) β-Carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E content of the marine microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta cultured with different nitrogen sources. Bioresource Technology 38: 121–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(91)90142-7

Adams C, Godfrey V, Wahlen B, Seefeldt L, Bugbee B (2013) Understanding precision nitrogen stress to optimize the growth and lipid content tradeoff in oleaginous green microalgae. Bioresource Technology 131: 188–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.143

Ambati RR, Gogisetty D, Aswathanarayana RG, Ravi S, Bikkina PN, Bo L, Yuepeng S (2019) Industrial potential of carotenoid pigments from microalgae: Current trends and future prospects. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 59: 1880–1902. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1432561

Andriopoulos V, Gkioni MD, Koutra E, Mastropetros SG, Lamari FN, Hatziantoniou S, Kornaros M (2022) Total Phenolic Content, Biomass Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Marine Microalgal Species with Potential as Aquaculture Feed. Antioxidants 11: 1320. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071320

Ashraf M, Harris PJC (2013) Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview. Photosynthetica 51: 163–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-013-0021-6

Brown MR, Miller KA (1992) The ascorbic acid content of eleven species of microalgae used in mariculture. Journal of Applied Phycology 4: 205–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02161206

Canelli G, Tevere S, Jaquenod L, Dionisi F, Rohfritsch Z, Bolten CJ, Neutsch L, Mathys A (2022) A novel strategy to simultaneously enhance bioaccessible lipids and antioxidants in hetero/mixotrophic Chlorella vulgaris as functional ingredient. Bioresource Technology 347: 126744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126744

Chen H-H, Jiang J-G (2017) Lipid Accumulation Mechanisms in Auto- and Heterotrophic Microalgae. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 65: 8099–8110. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03495

Chini Zittelli G, Lauceri R, Faraloni C, Silva Benavides AM, Torzillo G (2023) Valuable pigments from microalgae: phycobiliproteins, primary carotenoids, and fucoxanthin. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 22: 1733–1789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-023-00407-3

Coniglio S, Shumskaya M, Vassiliou E (2023) Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Immunomodulatory Properties. Biology 12: 279. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12020279

Correia N, Pereira H, Schulze PSC, Costa MM, Santo GE, Guerra I, Trovão M, Barros A, Cardoso H, Silva JL, Gouveia L, Varela J (2023) Heterotrophic and Photoautotrophic Media Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for the Novel Microalga Chlorococcum amblystomatis. Applied Sciences 13: 2089. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042089

Da Silva Ferreira V, Sant’Anna C (2017) Impact of culture conditions on the chlorophyll content of microalgae for biotechnological applications. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 33: 20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-016-2181-6

De Morais MG, Costa JAV (2007) Carbon dioxide fixation by Chlorella kessleri, C. vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus and Spirulina sp. cultivated in flasks and vertical tubular photobioreactors. Biotechnology Letters 29: 1349–1352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-007-9394-6

Del Mondo A, Smerilli A, Sané E, Sansone C, Brunet C (2020) Challenging microalgal vitamins for human health. Microbial Cell Factories 19: 201. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-020-01459-1

Del Río E, García-Gómez E, Moreno J, G. Guerrero M, García-González M (2017) Microalgae for oil. Assessment of fatty acid productivity in continuous culture by two high-yield strains, Chlorococcum oleofaciens and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Algal Research 23: 37–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2017.01.003

Durmaz Y (2007) Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) production by the marine microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata (Eustigmatophyceae) in nitrogen limitation. Aquaculture 272: 717– 722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.213

Edmundson SJ, Huesemann MH (2015) The dark side of algae cultivation: Characterizing night biomass loss in three photosynthetic algae, Chlorella sorokiniana, Nannochloropsis salina and Picochlorum sp. Algal Research 12: 470–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2015.10.012

Eghbali Babadi F, Boonnoun P, Nootong K, Powtongsook S, Goto M, Shotipruk A (2020) Identification of carotenoids and chlorophylls from green algae Chlorococcum humicola and extraction by liquefied dimethyl ether. Food and Bioproducts Processing 123: 296–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2020.07.008

Fatini MA, Basri EM, Wan Maznah WO (2021) Effect of different nitrogen sources on cell growth and biochemical compositions of Chlorococcum sp. cultivated under laboratory conditions. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 711: 012010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/711/1/012010

Fawzy MA, Abdel-Wahab DA, Hifney AF (2017) Physiological and biochemical responses of the green alga Pachycladella chodatii (SAG 2087) to sodicity stress. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 4: 30–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbas.2016.11.001

Gabriëls M, Cirunay J, Alafandy M, Brisaert M, De Taevernier M, Camu F, Plaizier-Vercammen J (2000) Determination of Hydroperoxides in Liposomes by the Modified IDF and the Modified Tiron Methods. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83: 589–596. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.3.589

Gao Y, Feng J, Lv J, Liu Q, Nan F, Liu X, Xie S (2019) Physiological Changes of Parachlorella Kessleri TY02 in Lipid Accumulation under Nitrogen Stress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16: 1188. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071188

Goh LP, Loh SP, Fatimah MY, Perumal K (2009) Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids and Tocopherols in Marine Microalgae, Nannochloropsis sp. and Chaetoceros sp. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition 15: 77–86.

GOST EN 12822-2020. Food products. Determination of vitamin E (α-, β-, γ-, δ-tocopherols) by high-performance liquid chromatography. RST, Moscow, 2022. https://gostassistent.ru/doc/3c4fa315-b23a-42bd-a894-81ed5a583d68 [In Russian]

GOST Р 57455-2017. Guidelines for the application of criteria for the classification of chemical hazards by their environmental effects. Acute aquatic toxicity. RST, Moscow, 2017. https://rosgosts.ru/file/gost/13/020/gost_r_57455-2017.pdf [In Russian]

Hamza TA, Hadwan MH (2020) New Spectrophotometric Method for the Assessment of Catalase Enzyme Activity in Biological Tissues. Current Analytical Chemistry 16: 1054–1062. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573411016666200116091238

He M, Ding N-Z (2020) Plant Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Multiple Roles in Stress Response. Frontiers in Plant Science 11: 562785. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.562785

Higuera-Ciapara I, Félix-Valenzuela L, Goycoolea FM (2006) Astaxanthin: A Review of its Chemistry and Applications. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 46: 185– 196. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408690590957188

Hörtensteiner S (2006) Chlorophyll degradation during senescence. Annual Review of Plant Biology 57: 55–77. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105212

Jareonsin S, Mahanil K, Phinyo K, Srinuanpan S, Pekkoh J, Kameya M, Arai H, Ishii M, Chundet R, Sattayawat P, Pumas C (2023) Unlocking microalgal host – exploring dark-growing microalgae transformation for sustainable high-value phytochemical production. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 11: 1296216. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1296216

Jayasankar R, Valsala KK (2008) Influence of different concentrations of bicarbonate on growth rate and chlorophyll content of Chlorella salina. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 50: 74–78.

Jungnick N, Ma Y, Mukherjee B, Cronan JC, Speed DJ, Laborde SM, Longstreth DJ, Moroney JV (2014) The carbon concentrating mechanism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: finding the missing pieces. Photosynthesis Research 121: 159–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-014-0004-x

Kim G-Y, Roh K, Han J-I (2019) The use of bicarbonate for microalgae cultivation and its carbon footprint analysis. Green Chemistry 21: 5053–5062. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9GC01107B

Kosanić M, Ranković B, Stanojković T (2015) Biological activities of two macroalgae from Adriatic coast of Montenegro. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 22: 390–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.11.004

Kupriyanova EV, Pronina NA, Los DA (2023) Adapting from Low to High: An Update to CO2-Concentrating Mechanisms of Cyanobacteria and Microalgae. Plants 12: 1569. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12071569

León-Vaz A, León R, Vigara J, Funk C (2023) Exploring Nordic microalgae as a potential novel source of antioxidant and bioactive compounds. New Biotechnology 73: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2022.12.001

Li J, Li C, Lan CQ, Liao D (2018) Effects of sodium bicarbonate on cell growth, lipid ac- cumulation, and morphology of Chlorella vulgaris. Microbial Cell Factories 17: 111. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-018-0953-4

Li Y, Miao F, Geng Y, Lu D, Zhang C, Zeng M (2012) Accurate quantification of astaxanthin from Haematococcus crude extract spectrophotometrically. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 30: 627–637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-012-1217-5

Liang Y, Sarkany N, Cui Y (2009) Biomass and lipid productivities of Chlorella vulgaris under autotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic growth conditions. Biotechnology Letters 31: 1043–1049. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-009-9975-7

Lopes Da Silva T, Moniz P, Silva C, Reis A (2019) The Dark Side of Microalgae Biotechnology: A Heterotrophic Biorefinery Platform Directed to ω-3 Rich Lipid Production. Microorganisms 7: 670. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120670

López-Hernández JF, García-Alamilla P, Palma-Ramírez D, Álvarez-González CA, Paredes-Rojas JC, Márquez-Rocha FJ (2020) Continuous Microalgal Cultivation for Antioxidants Production. Molecules 25: 4171. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184171

Mackinder LCM (2018) The Chlamydomonas CO2 ‐concentrating mechanism and its potential for engineering photosynthesis in plants. New Phytologist 217: 54–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14749

Maltsev YI, Maltseva IA, Kulikovskiy MS, Maltseva SYu, Sidorov RA (2019) Analysis of a new strain of Pseudomuriella engadinensis (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyta) for possible use in biotechnology. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 66: 609–617. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443719040083

Maltsev YI, Maltseva IA, Maltseva SY, Kulikovskiy MS (2020) Biotechnological potential of a new strain of Bracteacoccus bullatus (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyta) as a promising producer of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 67: 185–193. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443720010124

Maltseva I, Yakoviichuk A, Maltseva S, Cherkashina S, Kulikovskiy M, Maltsev Y (2024) Biochemical and Antioxidant Characteristics of Chlorococcum oleofaciens (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) under Various Cultivation Conditions. Plants 13: 2413. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172413

Marques De Sá JP (Ed.) (2007) Applied Statistics Using SPSS, STATISTICA, MATLAB and R. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71972-4

Mohanta A, Prasad N, Khadim SR, Singh P, Singh S, Singh A, Kayastha AM, Asthana RK (2024) Optimizing light regimes for neutral lipid accumulation in Dunaliella salina MCC 43: a study on physiological status and carbon allocation. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 40: 82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-024-03893-4

Morales-Sánchez D, Martinez-Rodriguez OA, Kyndt J, Martinez A (2015) Heterotrophic growth of microalgae: metabolic aspects. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 31: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-014-1773-2

Mudimu O, Koopmann IK, Rybalka N, Friedl T, Schulz R, Bilger W (2017) Screening of microalgae and cyanobacteria strains for α-tocopherol content at different growth phases and the influence of nitrate reduction on α-tocopherol production. Journal of Applied Phycology 29: 2867–2875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-017-1188-1

Nezafatian E, Farhadian O, Yegdaneh A, Safavi M, Daneshvar E, Bhatnagar A (2023) Enhanced production of bioactive compounds from marine microalgae Tetraselmis tetrathele under salinity and light stresses: A two-stage cultivation strategy. Bioresource Technology 376: 128899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128899

Olson BJSC (2016) Assays for Determination of Protein Concentration. Current Protocols in Pharmacology 73. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpph.3

Paliwal C, Mitra M, Bhayani K, Bharadwaj SVV, Ghosh T, Dubey S, Mishra S (2017) Abiotic stresses as tools for metabolites in microalgae. Bioresource Technology 244: 1216–1226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.058

Pancha I, Chokshi K, Ghosh T, Paliwal C, Maurya R, Mishra S (2015) Bicarbonate supplementation enhanced biofuel production potential as well as nutritional stress mitigation in the microalgae Scenedesmus sp. CCNM 1077. Bioresource Technology 193: 315–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.107

Pauline JMN, Achary A (2019) Novel Media for Lipid Production of Chlorococcum oleofaciens: A RSM Approach. Acta Protozoologica 58: 31–41. https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027AP.19.003.10834

Peng L, Lan CQ, Zhang Z, Sarch C, Laporte M (2015) Control of protozoa contamination and lipid accumulation in Neochloris oleoabundans culture: Effects of pH and dissolved inorganic carbon. Bioresource Technology 197: 143–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.101

Peng L, Zhang Z, Lan CQ, Basak A, Bond N, Ding X, Du J (2016) Alleviation of oxygen stress on Neochloris oleoabundans: effects of bicarbonate and pH. Journal of Applied Phycology 29: 143–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0931-3

Perez-Garcia O, Escalante FME, de-Bashan LE, Bashan Y (2011) Heterotrophic cultures of microalgae: Metabolism and potential products. Water Research 45: 11–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.037

Posten C, Feng Chen S (Eds) (2016) 153 Microalgae Biotechnology. Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23808-1

Qiang H, Guterman H, Richmond A (1996) Physiological characteristics of Spirulina platensis (cyanobacteria) cultured at ultrahigh cell densities. Journal of Phycology 32: 1066– 1073. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1996.01066.x

Rammuni MN, Ariyadasa TU, Nimarshana PHV, Attalage RA (2019) Comparative assessment on the extraction of carotenoids from microalgal sources: Astaxanthin from H. pluvialis and β-carotene from D. salina. Food Chemistry 277: 128–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.066

Rayati M, Rajabi Islami H, Shamsaie Mehrgan M (2020) Light Intensity Improves Growth, Lipid Productivity, and Fatty Acid Profile of Chlorococcum oleofaciens (Chlorophyceae) for Biodiesel Production. BioEnergy Research 13: 1235–1245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-020-10144-5

Razygraev AV, Arutiunian AV (2006) [Determination of human serum glutathione peroxidase activity, by using hydrogen peroxide and 5,5’-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)]. Klinicheskaia Laboratornaia Diagnostika 6: 13–16. [In Russian]

Sade N, Del Mar Rubio-Wilhelmi M, Umnajkitikorn K, Blumwald E (2018) Stress-induced senescence and plant tolerance to abiotic stress. Journal of Experimental Botany 69: 845–853. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erx235

Safafar H, Van Wagenen J, Møller P, Jacobsen C (2015) Carotenoids, Phenolic Compounds and Tocopherols Contribute to the Antioxidative Properties of Some Microalgae Species Grown on Industrial Wastewater. Marine Drugs 13: 7339–7356. https://doi.org/10.3390/md13127069

Salbitani G, Barone CMA, Carfagna S (2019) Effect of Bicarbonate on Growth of the Oleaginous Microalga Botryococcus braunii. International Journal of Plant Biology 10: 8273. https://doi.org/10.4081/pb.2019.8273

Salbitani G, Bolinesi F, Affuso M, Carraturo F, Mangoni O, Carfagna S (2020) Rapid and Positive Effect of Bicarbonate Addition on Growth and Photosynthetic Efficiency of the Green Microalgae Chlorella Sorokiniana (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae). Applied Sciences 10: 4515. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10134515

Santhakumaran P, Ayyappan SM, Ray JG (2020) Nutraceutical applications of twenty-five species of rapid-growing green-microalgae as indicated by their antibacterial, antioxidant and mineral content. Algal Research 47: 101878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2020.101878

Santiago-Morales IS, Trujillo-Valle L, Márquez-Rocha FJ, López Hernández JF (2018) Tocopherols, Phycocyanin and Superoxide Dismutase from Microalgae: as Potential Food Antioxidants. Applied Food Biotechnology 5(1): 19–27. https://doi.org/10.22037/afb.v5i1.17884

Sassi KKB, Silva JAD, Calixto CD, Sassi R, Sassi CFDC (2019) Metabolites of interest for food technology produced by microalgae from the Northeast Brazil. Revista Ciência Agronômica 50(1): 54–65. https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20190007

Sathasivam R, Radhakrishnan R, Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF (2019) Microalgae metabolites: A rich source for food and medicine. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 26: 709–722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.11.003

Shi T-Q, Wang L-R, Zhang Z-X, Sun X-M, Huang H (2020) Stresses as First-Line Tools for Enhancing Lipid and Carotenoid Production in Microalgae. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 8: 610. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00610

Singh RP, Yadav P, Kumar A, Hashem A, Avila-Quezada GD, Abd_Allah EF, Gupta RK (2023) Salinity-Induced Physiochemical Alterations to Enhance Lipid Content in Oleaginous Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 via Two-Stage Cultivation for Biodiesel Feedstock. Microorganisms 11: 2064. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082064

Sirohi P, Verma H, Singh SK, Singh VK, Pandey J, Khusharia S, Kumar D, Kaushalendra, Teotia P, Kumar A (2022) Microalgal Carotenoids: Therapeutic Application and Latest Approaches to Enhance the Production. Current Issues in Molecular Biology 44: 6257–6279. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb44120427

Sirota TV (2012) Use of nitro blue tetrazolium in the reaction of adrenaline autooxidation for the determination of superoxide dismutase activity. Biochemistry (Moscow) Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry 6: 254–260. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1990750812030134

Sivathanu B, Palaniswamy S (2012) Purification and characterization of carotenoids from green algae Chlorococcum humicola by HPLC-NMR and LC-MS-APCI. Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition 2: 276–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionut.2012.04.006

Smerilli A, Orefice I, Corato F, Gavalás Olea A, Ruban AV, Brunet C (2017) Photoprotective and antioxidant responses to light spectrum and intensity variations in the coastal diatom Skeletonema marinoi. Environmental Microbiology 19: 611–627. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13545

Spalding MH, Ogren WL (1982) Photosynthesis is required for induction of the CO2‐concentrating system in Chlamydomonas reinhardii. FEBS Letters 145: 41–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(82)81202-7

Spolaore P, Joannis-Cassan C, Duran E, Isambert A (2006) Commercial applications of microalgae. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 101: 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1263/jbb.101.87

Srinivasan R, Mageswari A, Subramanian P, Suganthi C, Chaitanyakumar A, Aswini V, Gothandam KM (2018) Bicarbonate supplementation enhances growth and biochemical composition of Dunaliella salina V-101 by reducing oxidative stress induced during macronutrient deficit conditions. Scientific Reports 8: 6972. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25417-5

Trenkenshu RP (2016) Dynamic model of biotransformation of reserve and structural forms of microalgae biomass in the dark. Issues of modern algology 2(12). http://algology.ru/967 [In Russian]

Umetani I, Janka E, Sposób M, Hulatt CJ, Kleiven S, Bakke R (2021) Bicarbonate for microalgae cultivation: a case study in a chlorophyte, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis isolated from a Norwegian lake. Journal of Applied Phycology 33: 1341–1352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-021-02420-4

Vazquez L, Armada D, Celeiro M, Dagnac T, Llompart M (2021) Evaluating the Presence and Contents of Phytochemicals in Honey Samples: Phenolic Compounds as Indicators to Identify Their Botanical Origin. Foods 10: 2616. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10112616

Wang J, Ouyang L, Wei L (2023) Novel Insight of Nitrogen Deprivation Affected Lipid Accumulation by Genome-Wide Lactylation in Nannochloropsis oceanica. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 71: 10107–10123. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00122

Wang Y, Stessman DJ, Spalding MH (2015) The CO2 concentrating mechanism and photosynthetic carbon assimilation in limiting CO2: how Chlamydomonas works against the gradient. The Plant Journal 82: 429–448. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12829

White DA, Pagarette A, Rooks P, Ali ST (2013) The effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on growth and biochemical composition of marine microalgae cultures. Journal of Applied Phycology 25: 153–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-012-9849-6

Xia L, Ge H, Zhou X, Zhang D, Hu C (2013) Photoautotrophic outdoor two-stage cultivation for oleaginous microalgae Scenedesmus obtusus XJ-15. Bioresource Technology 144: 261–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.112

Yakoviichuk A, Krivova Z, Maltseva S, Kochubey A, Kulikovskiy M, Maltsev Y (2023) Antioxidant Status and Biotechnological Potential of New Vischeria vischeri (Eustigmatophyceae) Soil Strains in Enrichment Cultures. Antioxidants 12: 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030654

Yang CM, Chang KW, Yin MH, Huang HM (1998) Methods for the Determination of the Chlorophylls and Their Derivatives. TAIWANIA 43(2): 116–122. https://doi.org/10.6165/tai.1998.43(2).116

Yeh K, Chang J, Chen W (2010) Effect of light supply and carbon source on cell growth and cellular composition of a newly isolated microalga Chlorella vulgaris ESP‐31. Engineering in Life Sciences 10: 201–208. https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.200900116

Yuan J-P, Chen F, Liu X, Li X-Z (2002) Carotenoid composition in the green microalga Chlorococcum. Food Chemistry 76: 319–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00279-5

Zeb A, Ullah F (2016) A Simple Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances in Fried Fast Foods. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2016: 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9412767

Zhang DH, Lee YK (1997) Enhanced accumulation of secondary carotenoids in a mutant of the green alga, Chlorococcum sp. Journal of Applied Phycology 9: 459–463. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007902103419

Zhang DH, Ng YK, Phang SM (1997) Composition and accumulation of secondary carotenoids in Chlorococcum sp. Journal of Applied Phycology 9: 147–155. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007926528388

Zuffellato-Ribas KC, Morini S, Picciarelli P, Mignolli F (2010) Extraction and determination of ascorbate and dehydroascorbate from apoplastic fluid of stem of rooted and non-rooted cuttings in relation to the rhizogenesis. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 22: 123–129. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202010000200006