Towards the knowledge of the fauna of clearwing moths (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan
Oleg G. Gorbunov1, Nataly Snegovaya2, 3, Nazar A. Shapoval4, Ismayil B.-O. Mammadov5, 6, Roman V. Yakovlev7, 8, 9
1 A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky prospekt, Moscow, 119071, Russia
2 Institute of Zoology, Ministry of Science and Education of Azerbaijan (IZB), 115 A. Abbaszade st., pr. 1128, bl. 504, AZ 1004, Baku, Azerbaijan
3 Western Caspian University, 31 Istiglaliyyat st., Baku, Azerbaijan
4 Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
5 Nakhchivan State University, University Campus, Nakhchivan, AZ 7012, Azerbaijan
6 Institute of Bioresources (Nakhchivan), Ministry of Science and Education of Azerbaijan, 32 M.F. Akhundov st., AZ 7000, Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan
7 Altai State University, 61 Lenin ave., Barnaul, 656049, Russia
8 Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov, 15 University Boulevard, Samarkand, 140100, Uzbekistan
9 Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina ave., Tomsk, 634050, Russia
Corresponding author: Oleg G. Gorbunov (gorbunov.oleg@mail.ru)
Academic editor: A. Matsyura | Received 20 November 2025 | Accepted 1 December 2025 | Published 14 December 2025 |
http://zoobank.org/30A007BD-193B-4CB1-9B3C-18C7CD531161
Citation: Gorbunov OG, Snegovaya N, Shapoval NA, Mammadov IB-O, Yakovlev RV (2025) Towards the knowledge of the fauna of clearwing moths (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan. Acta Biologica Sibirica 11: 1379–1393. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17908580
Abstract
A small collection of five clearwing moths (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) collected using artificial sex attractants in the vicinity of Ordubad, Nikhchivan Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan, is presented and illustrated. Four species, viz. Paranthrene tabaniformis (Rottemburg, 1775), Conopia amasina (Staudinger, 1856), Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen, 1789), and Chamaesphecia turbida Le Cerf, 1937, are recorded for the fauna of the region for the first time. Synanthedon armeniaca O. Gorbunov, 1991, is restored from synonyms of S. myopaeformis (Borkhausen, 1789). The important role of artificial sex attractants in studies of the faunal composition of Sesiidae is noted.
Keywords
Clearwing moths, Sesiidae, Lepidoptera, Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, synthetic sex attractants, new re- cords
This article is a continuation of the series of publications dedicated to the Lepidop- tera fauna of Azerbaijan (Snegovaya and Yakovlev 2017; Yakovlev and Snegovaya 2020; Pimanchikova et al. 2024; Anikin et al. 2025; Streltzov et al. 2025; Ustjuzhanin et al. 2025).
There is only one publication concerning the fauna of clearwing moths (Sesiidae) in Transcaucasia. It was published 40 years ago (Gorbunov 1986a) and is undoubtedly significantly outdated, both in terms of the systematics and the species composition of the family in the region. Beside that, a number of species have been described from various parts of Transcaucasia, and their type localities are here (Emich 1872, 1873; Romanoff 1884; Bartel 1906; Bálint and Katona 2016; Gorbunov 1986b, 1987a, 1987c, 1991a, 1991b, 2019; Gorbunov and Špatenka 1992; Špatenka and Gorbunov 1992). There are works on the biology of some local species (Gorbunov 1987b, 1988, 1989). In addition, one can cite a number of works on Lepidoptera from some regions of Transcaucasia, which contain some data, often with erroneous definitions, on Sesiidae (Milyanovsky 1964; Didmanidze 1978; Gorbunov 2013). Some data on this interesting group of Lepidoptera can be found in the classic work ‘Seitz’ (Bartel 1912). The most complete data on clearwing moths of Transcaucasia by the end of the 20th century can be found in the monumental work on Palaearctic Sesiidae (Špatenka et al. 1999). Unfortunately, no special works on clearwing moths of Azerbaijan in general and Nakhchivan in particular have been published, despite the fact that the first author has repeatedly visited various places in the republic to collect these insects. With this work, we are trying to remedy this situation and begin to publish information about this interesting but difficult-to-obtain group of Lepidoptera of Azerbaijan.
The material presented below was collected using artificial sex attractants. It is well known that sex pheromones and sex attractants play an increasingly important role in faunal investigations of Lepidoptera, because they allow researchers to discover new species, detect populations of pest or rare species, monitor and control the seasonal flight of moths (Efetov and Gorbunov 2021, 2024; Gorbunov 2015, 2016,
2017, 2018a–c, 2020, 2021, 2022a–e, 2023a–b, 2024a, 2025a–c; Efetov et al. 2025; Gorbunov and Efetov 2024a–b, 2025a–b). Meanwhile, usage of female attractants has one drawback: this method allows you to collect only males (Gorbunov and Efetov 2018, 2025b; Efetov and Gorbunov 2021). Although we repeatedly observed females approaching lures with artificial sex attractants, this occurred when the males’ flight had already ended a week or two earlier. Perhaps the female, having unsuccessfully tried for a long time to attract a male, senses the presence of an active ‘female’ and approaches her hoping to meet a male.
All images of moths were taken with a Sony α450 DSLR camera equipped with a Minolta 50 mm f/2.8 macro lens. The processing of all illustrations was finalized using Adobe Photoshop CC2020 software. Pictures of the specimens are labeled with a number which consists of the name of the family, two consecutive digits and a year (e.g., SESIIDAE pictures №№ 0107-0112–2025). These numbers correspond to those of the illustrated specimens in the archives of the first author.
The specimens were attracted to artificial female sex pheromones for sesiid moths produced by PHEROBANK®, Wijk bij Duurstede, the Netherlands.
For each taxon, the original spelling from the original publication is given in quotation marks. If the work was published over a number of years, the actual date of publication is indicated in square brackets after the original spelling of the taxon. The synonymy of Paranthrene tabaniformis (Rottemburg, 1775) includes only synonyms from the Palearctic part of the range. The presence of subspecies is indicated in the ‘Remarks’ subsection. The subsection ‘Literature’ includes only those works that specify the specific locations of the species in Azerbaijan, or if the work contains information about the biological characteristics of the taxon.
The names of plants were verified with the WFO (2025). The material studied is kept in the collection of the A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia (COGM).
Negotinthia hoplisiformis (Mann, 1864)
Figs 1–3, 11–13
‘Paranthrene hoplisiformis m.’: Mann 1864: 176, Taf. 4, Fig. 1. Type locality: Turkey, Brussa [= Bursa], designated by the lectotype ♀ (Špatenka and Laštůvka 1988: 336).
Literature. Gorbunov 1986a: 6 (Zenodoxus); Špatenka et al. 1999: 38 (key), 41, text-figs 15, 280, map, pl. 1, fig. 6 (Tinthia).
Material. 6♂♂, Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, Zangezur Range, Ordubad district, Ashagy Aylis village, 900 m, 38°55′38″N, 45°59′37″E, 24–25.V.2025, V. Doroshkin, N. Shapoval & R. Yakovlev leg. (Sesiidae pictures №№ 0107-0112–2025).
Bionomics. Larva lives in the roots of Sanguisorba minor Scop. [= Poterium sanguisorba L.) (Rosaceae) throughout the year. The moths fly from late May to mid-July in a single generation.
Distribution. Very locally in xerothermic grassland habitats in Greece, Turkey, Armenia, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan) and Iran.
Paranthrene tabaniformis (Rottemburg, 1775)
Figs 4–6, 14–16
‘Sphinx tabaniformis.’: Rottemburg 1775: 110. Type locality: ‘von Landsberg an der Warthe’ [= Poland: Lubusz Province, Gożów Wielkopolski].
= ‘Sph.[inx] Asiliformis.’: [Denis, Schiffermüller] 1775: 305. Type locality: ‘[Wienergegend]’ [= Austria: Vienna surroundings]. Junior primary homonym of Sphinx asiliformis Fabricius, 1775 (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae).
= ‘[Sphinx. Sesia.] Sesia.’: Gmelin 1790: 2389. Type locality: ‘Habitat in Europa magis australi’ [= Southern Europe].
= ‘Sph.[inx] rhingiaeformis.’: Hübner 1790: 89, Taf. II, Fig. I. Type locality: ‘aus Florenz’ [= Italy: Tuscany, Florence].
= ‘Sesia Crabroniformis.’: Laspeyres 1801: 11. Type locality: ‘Habitat in Italia, … Lipsiae’ [= Italy; Germany: Saxony, Leipzig]. Junior primary homonym of Sesia crabroniformis Fabricius, 1783 (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae).
= ‘S.[esia] Serratiformis. (Freyer.)’ [Freyer 1842]: Freyer 1839–1842: 130, Tab. 362, Fig. 3. Type locality: ‘bey Hannover’ [= Germany: Lower Saxony, Hanover].
= ‘Sesia Synagriformis, Nobis.’ [Rambur 1866]: Rambur 1858–1866: 148. Type locality: ‘de Malaga’ [= Spain: Andalusia, Malaga].
= ‘Sciapteron Tabaniforme Rott. var. Kungessana Alph. nova.’ [Alpheraky 1882]: Alpheraky 1882–1883: 20. Type locality: ‘Tian-Chian, 24.V.1874’ [= China: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Kyunes River Valley, Sharkodo tract of land], designated by the lectotype ♂ (Gorbunov 1992: 70).
= ‘P.[aranthrene] tabaniformis …form sangaica form. nov.’: Bartel 1912: 380, pl. 50, row g. Type locality: ‘at Shanghai’ [= China: Shanghai suburbs].
= ‘Paranthrene rhingiaeformis, Hbn. var. intermedia n. var.’: Le Cerf, 1916: 16, CC-CXXII bis, figs 4682a, 4682b. Type locality: ‘Sebdou (Oran)’ [= Algeria: Tlemcen Province, Sebdou], designated by the lectotype ♂ (Špatenka 1992: 492).
Literature. Špatenka et al. 1999: 106 (key), 107, text-figs 61, 326, map, pl. 10, figs 71, 72, pl. 11, fig. 73.
Material. 7♂♂, Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, Zangezur Range, Ordubad district, Ashagy Aylis village, 900 m, 38°55′38″N, 45°59′37″E, 24–25.V.2025, V. Doroshkin, N. Shapoval & R. Yakovlev leg. (Sesiidae pictures №№ 0093-0098–2025).
Bionomics. Larvae in various parts (roots, trunks, branches) of many species of poplar (Populus spp.) and willow (Salix spp.) (Salicaceae). There are indications that larvae feed on other woody plants, but such examples should be considered accidental. Larvae live for one year, but in northern parts of the areal, a two-year generation is possible. Larvae in branches cause gall-like enlargements. Moths fly from mid-May to late August in a single generation.
Distribution. It is very widespread in the Holarctic Realm in forest and intrazonal biotopes with the mandatory presence of at least one species of host plant. This is the first specific indication of the species for Nakhchivan.
Remarks. The species is divided into two subspecies, of which the nominative subspecies inhabits most of the range, including the Caucasus and Transcaucasia.
Conopia amasina (Staudinger, 1856)
Figs 7, 17
‘Ses[ia]. Stomoxyformis [sic]. … Ses[ia]. var. Amasina m.’: Staudinger 1856: 209.
Type locality: ‘bei Amasia’ [= Turkey: Amasya].
Literature. Špatenka et al. 1999: 121 (key), 131, text-figs 76, 339, map, pl. 14, fig. 103 (Synanthedon stomoxiformis amasina); Gorbunov 2024b: 507, figs 13–18.
Material. 1♂, Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, Zangezur Range, Ordubad district, Ashagy Aylis village, 900 m, 38°55′38″N, 45°59′37″E, 24–25.V.2025, V. Doroshkin, N. Shapoval & R. Yakovlev leg. (Sesiidae pictures No.0099-0100–2025).
Bionomics. Larvae live in the upper part of the root of Rhamnus pallasii Fisch. & C.A. Mey. (Rhamnaceae) for one year. In spring, the larva constructs a long, very dense exit tube from wood fibres and sawdust, held together with silk. This tube reaches a length of 5–6 cm above the ground. Moths fly from late May to late July in a single generation.
Distribution. Locally in shrub thickets in upland xerophytic biotopes, on forest edges with the obligatory presence of a host plant in eastern Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan and northern Iran. This is the first specific record of the species for Nakhchivan.
Remarks. Many European researchers consider this taxon to be a subspecies of Conopia stomoxiformis (Hübner, 1790).
Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen, 1789)
Figs 8, 18
‘Sphinx Myopaeformis, ...’: Borkhausen 1789: 169. Type locality: не указано [= Germany: Frankfurt am Main] (Špatenka et al. 1999: 151).
= ‘Sphinx Typhiaeformis, ...’: Borkhausen 1789: 174, Taf. [1], Fig. 4, 5. Type locality: ‘in Italien’ [= Italy].
= ‘Sphinx zonata.’: Donovan 1797: 35, pl. CXCV. Type locality: ‘in England’ [= United Kingdom: England].
= ‘Sesia Mutillaeformis.’: Laspeyres 1801: 26. Type locality: ‘Habitat in Austria, Hungaria’ [= Austria; Hungary].
= ‘[Sesia.] ... Luctuosa.’: Lederer 1853: 82. Type locality: ‘bei Brussa’ [= Turkey: Bursa].
= ‘Sesia cruentata.’: Mann 1859: 91. Type locality: ‘im Thale Palla-gutta’ [= Italy: Sicily, near Palermo].
= ‘Sesia elegans m.’: Lederer 1861: 150, Taf. 1, Fig. 7, 8. Type locality: ‘aus Antiochia’ [= Turkey: Hatay Province, Antakya].
= ‘[Sesia ...] ... [Myopiformis Brh.] ... var. Graeca ...’ [Staudinger 1870]: Staudinger 1870–1871: 92. Type locality: ‘Parnassus’ [= Greece: Parnassus], designated by the lectotype ♂ (Špatenka and Laštůvka 1988: 332).
= ‘Synanthedon myopaeformis mesoreaca subsp. nov.’: Fischer and Lewandowsli 2003: 299, Abb. 22, 25. Type locality: ‘Athienou’ [= Cyprus: Larnaca District, Atiénou].
Literature. Špatenka et al. 1999: 121 (key), 151, text-figs 96, 355, 356, map, pl. 18, 135–137.
Material. 1♂, Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, Zangezur Range, Ordubad district, Ashagy Aylis village, 900 m, 38°55′38″N, 45°59′37″E, 24–25.V.2025, V. Doroshkin, N. Shapoval & R. Yakovlev leg. (Sesiidae pictures No 0101-0102–2025).
Bionomics. Larvae live under the bark, usually in damaged areas of apple trees (Malus spp., Rosaceae). There are indications that larvae also feed under the bark of other Rosaceae trees (Crataegus, Prunus, Pyrus, Sorbus, etc.) (Špatenka et al. 1999), but we have never been able to find them anywhere except on old apple trees. The larva feeds for one year. Pupation occurs in a dense cocoon under loose bark. Moths fly from the second half of May to mid-July in a single generation.
Distribution. In apple orchards, parks, roadside fruit plantations, and the edges of mixed forests in Western and Central Europe, north to southern England and southern Scandinavia. In Eastern Europe, the species is distributed northeast to approximately the line between St. Petersburg and Ufa. In the Middle East (in the broad sense), it is known from Turkey, Iran, Jordan, Israel, and Egypt. It is known also from Transcaucasia and Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan and Eastern Kazakhstan). This is the first specific record of the species for Nakhchivan.
Remarks. 1. Currently, this species is divided into two subspecies, of which the nominative subspecies inhabits most of the range, including the republics of Transcaucasia.
2. In 1991, Synanthedon armeniaca O. Gorbunov, 1991, was described by the first author based on a single male bred from a pupa collected under the bark of an old apple tree (Gorbunov 1991). The colouration of the labial palpus and ventral part of the abdomen, as well as the normal shape of the abdomen and the noticeably wide discal spot and outer margin of the hindwing, were indicated as the main features distinguishing this species from S. myopaeformis. In 2007, T. Garrevoet et al. (2007) considered S. armeniaca to be a form of S. myopaeformis and therefore synonymised this species with the latter. Indeed, many specimens from Transcaucasia have a wider discal spot and outer margin of the hindwing (Figs 13–14), but the shape of the abdomen and the colouration of the labial palpus and abdomen ventrally clearly distinguish S. armeniaca from S. myopaeformis. In our opinion, to confirm the conclusion of T. Garrevoet et al. (2007), more material of both species from Transcaucasia is needed, and therefore we here restore S. armeniaca O. Gorbunov, 1991, stat. rest. from the junior synonyms of S. myopaeformis.
Chamaesphecia turbida Le Cerf, 1937
Figs 9, 10, 19, 20
‘Chamaesphecia turbida n. sp.’: Le Cerf 1937: 84, pl. V, figs 7, 12. Type locality: ‘Iran, Elbursgebirge, Keredj, 1.100 m’ [= Iran: Alborz province, Karaj County].
Literature. Gorbunov 1987b: 38; Špatenka et al. 1999: 298 (key), 311, text-figs 219, 449, map, pl. 44, figs 365, 366.
Material. 2♂♂, Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, Zangezur Range, Ordubad district, Ashagy Aylis village, 900 m, 38°55′38″N, 45°59′37″E, 24–25.V.2025, V. Doroshkin, N. Shapoval & R. Yakovlev leg. (Sesiidae pictures No 0103-0106–2025).
Bionomics. The larvae live in the roots of Euphorbia marschalliana Boiss. (Euphorbiaceae), where they make tunnels 5–9 cm long over the course of a year. In spring or early summer, the larva pupates in the tunnel or in a short exit tube without constructing a cocoon. Moths fly from late May to early August in a single generation.
Distribution. Locally in the biotopes of upland xerophytes with the obligatory presence of host plants in Azerbaijan (Nakhchivan and Talysh) and northern Iran. This is the first specific record of the species for Nakhchivan.
Figures 1–10. Males of Sesiidae. Dorsal viev. 1–3 – Negotinthia hoplisiformis (Mann, 1864): 1 – Sesiidae picture № 0107–2025; 2 – Sesiidae picture № 0109–2025; 3 – Sesiidae picture № 0111–2025. 4–6 – Paranthrene tabaniformis (Rottemburg, 1775): 4 – Sesiidae picture № 0093–2025; 5 – Sesiidae picture № 0095–2025; 6 – Sesiidae picture № 0097–2025. 7 – Conopia amasina (Staudinger, 1856), Sesiidae picture № 0099–2025. 8 – Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen, 1789), Sesiidae picture № 0101–2025. 9–10 – Chamaesphecia turbida Le Cerf, 1937: 9 – Sesiidae picture № 0103–2025; 10 – Sesiidae picture № 0105–2025. Scale bar: 10.0 mm.
Figures 11–20. Males of Sesiidae. Ventral viev. 11–13 – Negotinthia hoplisiformis (Mann, 1864): 11 – Sesiidae picture № 0108–2025; 12 – Sesiidae picture № 0110–2025; 13 – Sesiidae picture № 0112–2025. 14–16 – Paranthrene tabaniformis (Rottemburg, 1775): 14 – Sesiidae picture № 0094–2025; 15 – Sesiidae picture № 0096–2025; 16 – Sesiidae picture № 0098–2025. 17 – Conopia amasina (Staudinger, 1856), Sesiidae picture № 0100–2025. 18 – Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen, 1789), Sesiidae picture № 0102–2025. 19–20 – Chamaesphecia turbida Le Cerf, 1937: 19 – Sesiidae picture № 0104–2025; 20 – Sesiidae picture № 0106–2025. Scale bar: 10.0 mm.
The authors express their gratitude to director of Institute of Zoology Dr. Aladdin Gismet oglu Eyvazov (Baku), rector of Western Caspian University Prof. Huseyn- gulu Seyid oglu Baghirov (Baku) for the help with organizing the field studies in the Azerbaijan in May–June of 2024. O. G. Gorbunov’s research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project No. 1022061500172-3-1.6.19).
Alpheraky SN (1882–1883) Lépidoptères du district de Kouldjà et des montagnes environnantes. IIème Partie. Heterocera. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 17: 15–103, pls 1–3.
Anikin VV, Snegovaya NYu, Shapoval NA, Humbatov MF-O, Mammadov IB-O, Yakovlev RV (2025) Lepidoptera of Azerbaijan (Southern Transcaucasia). Family Coleophoridae. Russian Entomological Journal 34(1): 116–120. https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.34.1.13
Bálint Z, Katona G (2016) Notes on two Transcaucasian Lepidoptera described by Gusztav Emich in 1872 and 1873. Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 12(1): 139–142.
Bartel M (1906) Drei neue russische Sesia-Arten. Societas entomologica 20(22): 169–170.
Bartel M (1912) 24. Familie: Aegeriidae (Sesiidae). In: Seitz A (Ed.) (1907–1913) Die Gros-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Die Palaearktischen Spinner & Schwärmer. Band 2. A Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, 375–416, Taf. 50–52.
Borkhausen MB (1789) Der europäischen Schmetterlinge zweiter Theil. Abendschmetter- linge, Sphinxe, Schwärmer. Naturgeschichte der Europäischen Schmetterlinge nach systematischer Ordnung 2, 4+96+239 p., 1 Tab.
[Denis M, Schiffermüller I] (1775) Ankündung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend [sic]. Wien, 323 p.
Didmanidze EA (1978) Lepidoptera of arid landscapes of Georgia. Tbilisi, 319 p. [In Russian]
Donovan E (1797) The Natural History of British Insects: explainig them in their several states, the Periods of their transformations, their food, oeconomy & c., together with the history of such minute insects as require investigation by the microscope. Volume VI, London, 86+6 p., pls CLXXXI–CCXVI.
Efetov КА, Gorbunov ОG (2021) New data on distribution of Chamaesphecia efetovi O. Gorbunov, 2019, in the Crimea (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología 49(195): 471–478. https://doi.org/10.57065/shilap.284
Efetov KA, Gorbunov OG (2024) Confirmation of the presence of Tipulia tipuliformis (Clerck, 1759) (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) in the Crimea. Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 252–259. https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.24
Efetov KA, Shchurov VI, Gorbunov OG (2025) First records of Chamaesphecia efetovi
O. Gorbunov, 2019, in Krasnodar Territory (Northern Caucasus, Russia) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología 53(209): 139–146. https://doi.org/10.57065/shilap.1031
Emich G (1872) Descriptions de Lepidopteres de Transcaucasiae. Revue et Magasin de zoologie Pure et Appliquée. 2e Série 23: 63–64.
Emich G (1873) Beitrag zur Lepidopteren-Fauna Transkaukasiens und Beschreibung zwei neuer Arten. Horae Societas Entomologicae Rossicae IX: 40–44, Tab. IIB.
Fischer H, Lewandowsli S (2003) Zweiter Beitrag zur Schwärmer- und Spinnerfauna Zyperns (Lepidoptera). Entomologische Zeitschrift 112(10): 295–301.
Freyer CF (1839–1842) Neuere Beiträge zur Schmetterlingskunde mit Abbildungen nach der Natur. Vierter Band. Ausburg, 167 p, Tab. 289–384.
Garrevoet T, Garrevoet W, Özbek H (2007) Data on the geographic distribution of Sesiidae (Lepidoptera) in Turkey. Linzer biologische Beiträge 39(2): 929–953.
Gmelin JF (1790) Caroli a Linné Systema naturae. Per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tom I. Pars V. Leipzig, 2226–3020.
Gorbunov OG (1986a) Clearwing moths (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) of Transcaucasia. In: Fauna of Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera) of the USSR (Proceedings of the All-Union Entomological Society. Volume 67). Nauka, Leningrad, 5–10. [In Russian]
Gorbunov OG (1986b) A new species of clearwing moths of the genus Synanthedon (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) from Azerbaijan. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 65(6): 938–940. [In Russian]
Gorbunov OG (1987a) A new species of Chamaesphecia (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) from Talysh. Vestnik zoologii 1987(2): 14–20. [In Russian]
Gorbunov OG (1987b) Chamaesphecia turbida Le Cerf (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) in the fauna of the USSR. Vestnik zoologii 1987(2): 38. [In Russian]
Gorbunov OG (1987c) A new species of the genus Bembecia (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) from Talysh. Vestnik zoologii 1987(3): 12–18. [In Russian]
Gorbunov OG (1988) On the morphology and biology of Synanthedon talisсhensis (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) in Transcaucasia. Vestnik zoologii 1988(1): 71–74. [In Russian]
Gorbunov OG (1989) Morphology and biology of Eusphecia pimplaeformis (Oberthür, 1872) (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) in the Caucasus. Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. Biological Series 94(1): 36–44.
Gorbunov OG (1991a) Six new species of the clearwing moths from the Caucasus (Lep., Sesiidae). Atalanta 22(2/4): 125–143, pl. 22.
Gorbunov OG (1991b) Review of the genus Dipchasphecia Capuşe, 1973 (Lep., Sesiidae). Atalanta 22(2/4): 145–167, pl. 23.
Gorbunov OG (1992) Designation of lectotypes of clearwing moths (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) from the collections of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Zoological Museum of the Taras Shevchenko University of Kiev. Vestnik Zoologii 1992(3): 69–71.
Gorbunov OG (2013) On the fauna of clearwing moths (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) of Malyy Utrish, Abrau Peninsula. In: Krokhmal AG (Ed.) Biodiversity of the Utrish State Nature Reserve. Volume 1: 259–276. [In Russian]
Gorbunov OG (2015) Contributions to the study of the Ethiopian Lepidoptera. I. The ge- nus Melittia Hübner, 1819 [“1816”] with description of a new species. Zootaxa 4033(4): 543–554. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4033.4.5
Gorbunov OG (2016) Nokona mahawu sp. n., a new clearwing moth species (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) from North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Russian Entomological Journal 25 (2): 161– 165.
Gorbunov OG (2017) On the taxonomy and morphology of Leuthneria ruficincta (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae). Zootaxa 4244(1): 127–136. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4244.1.7
Gorbunov OG (2018a) New data on the clearwing moth fauna of the Altai Mountains, Russia, with the description of two new species (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae). Zootaxa 4425(2): 263–282. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4425.2.4
Gorbunov OG (2018b) A new species of the genus Taikona Arita et O. Gorbunov, 2001 from the Malay Peninsula (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae). Russian Entomological Journal 27(3): 293–296. https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.27.3.10
Gorbunov, O.G. (2018c) A new genus and species of clearwing moth (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) from Ethiopia. Zootaxa 4497(4): 492–500. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.2
Gorbunov OG (2019) Two new species of the genus Chamaesphecia Spuler, 1910 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), with remarks on the genus. Russian Entomological Journal 28(4): 437–457. https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.13
Gorbunov OG (2020) A new species of the genus Cyanosesia O. Gorbunov et Arita, 2001 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from the island of Obi, North Maluku, Indonesia with a catalogue of the genus. Russian Entomological Journal 29(2): 187–194. https://doi.org/10.15298/ rusentj.29.2.11
Gorbunov OG (2021) A new species of the genus Scoliokona Kallies et Arita, 1998 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from Bali, Indonesia with a catalogue of the genus. Russian Entomological Journal 30(1): 93–99. https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.30.1.11
Gorbunov OG (2022a) A new species of the genus Tyrictaca Walker, 1862 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from West Malaysia with a catalogue of the genus. Zootaxa 5104(1): 125–136. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.7
Gorbunov OG (2022b) New data on clearwing moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) of Sakhalin Island. Far Eastern Entomologist 449: 21–28. https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.449.4
Gorbunov OG (2022c) A new species of the genus Paranthrenopsis (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from China with a catalogue of the genus. Zoosystematica Rossica 31(1): 55–65. https://doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2022.31.1.55
Gorbunov OG (2022d) A new species of the genus Scoliokona Kallies et Arita, 1998 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from Halmahera, Indonesia. Russian Entomological Journal 31(2): 182–187. https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.31.2.16
Gorbunov OG (2022e) To the morphology of little-known Pseudosesia lecerfi (Hampson, 1919) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). Russian Entomological Journal 31(3): 286–292. https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.31.3.10
Gorbunov OG (2023a) Two new species of the genus Bembecia Hübner, 1819 [“1816”] (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from Western Mongolia. Russian Entomological Journal 32(2): 198–206. https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.2.10
Gorbunov OG (2023b) A new species of the genus Macrotarsipodes Le Cerf, 1916 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from Ethiopia. Invertebrate zoology 20(4): 461–466. https://doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.20.4.11
Gorbunov OG (2024a) A new species of the genus Bembecia Hübner, 1819 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from the Volga region. Russian Entomological Journal 33(3): 387–396. https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.33.3.11
Gorbunov OG (2024b) On the systematics of the genus Synanthedon Hübner, 1819 sensu lato (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). Part III. Conopia Hübner 1819. Invertebrate Zoology 21(4): 502–514. https://doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.21.4.06
Gorbunov OG (2025a) On the morphology and systematics of Bembecia jakuta (Herz, 1903) (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae). Acta Biologica Sibirica 11: 197–209. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14945738
Gorbunov OG 2025b) A redescription of Bembecia strandi (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). Zoosystematica Rossica 34(1): 138–148. https://doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2025.34.1.138
Gorbunov OG 2025c) On the morphology and bionomics of Bembecia tristis Staudinger, 1896, bona species (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). Invertebrate Zoology 22(3): 519–531. https://doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.22.3.11
Gorbunov OG, Efetov KA (2018) The clearwing moth genus Bembecia Hübner 1819 [“1816”] (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) in Crimea, with the description of a new species. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 97(7): 812–839. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0044513418070085
Gorbunov OG, Efetov KA (2024a) Sexual activity of males and distribution of Stygioides colchicus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Invertebrate Zoology 21(1): 109–117. https://doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.21.1.08
Gorbunov OG, Efetov KA (2024b) To the distribution of the genus Negotinthia O. Gorbunov, 2001 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in the Crimea. Ecologica Montenegrina 73: 146–157. https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.15
Gorbunov OG, Efetov KA (2025a) To the distribution of Microsphecia brosiformis (Hübner, 1813) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) on the Crimean Peninsula (Russia). Ecologica Montenegrina 86: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.86.1
Gorbunov OG, Efetov KA (2025b) To the distribution of Bembecia (Bembecia) ichneumoniformis ([Denis et Schiffermüller], 1775) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) on the Crimean Peninsula, Russia. Ecologica Montenegrina 90: 331–343. https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.90.14
Gorbunov OG, Špatenka K (1992) A new species of the genus Chamaesphecia Spuler, 1910 from the Transcaucasus and Northern Iran (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae). Atalanta 23(1/2): 255–258.
Hübner J (1790) Beiträge zur Geschichte der Schmetterlinge. Zweiter Band. Ausburg, 128 +[7] p., XVI Taf. Laspeyres IH (1801) Sesiae Europaeae Iconibus et Descriptionibus illustratae. Berlin, 32 p, 1 Tab.
Le Cerf F (1916) Explication des planches. Aegeriidae de Barbarie. In: Oberthür C. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 11–17, pls CCCXVI–CCCLXXII.
Le Cerf F (1937) Aegeriidae nouvelles ou peu connues d’Asie antérieure. Zeitschrift des Österreichischen Entomologen-Vereines 22(9), 81–89, (10): 96–99, (11): 103–109.
Lederer J (1853) Versuch, die europäischen Lepidopteren (einschliessig der ihrem Habitus nach noch zur europäischen Fauna gehörigen Arten Labradors, der asiatischen Türkei und des asiatischen Russlands) in möglichst natürliche Reihenfolge zu stellen, nebst Bemerkungen zu einigen Familien und Arten. II. Abtheilung: Die Heteroceren. Verhandlungen des zoologisch-botanischen Vereins in Wien, Abhandlungen 2: 65–126.
Lederer J (1861) Ueber Alb. Kindermanns letzte lepidopterologische Ausbeute. Wiener entomologische Monatsschrift 5: 144–155.
Mann J (1864) Nachtrag zur Schmetterling-Fauna von Brussa. Wiener entomologische Monatsschrift 8: 173–190.
Milyanovsky ES (1964) Lepidoptera fauna of Abkhazia. Proceedings of the Sukhumi Station of Essential Oil Crops 5: 184. [In Russian]
Pimanchikova DD, Nedoshivina SV, Shapoval NA, Snegovaya N, Mammadov IB-O, Yakovlev RV (2025) Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) of Azerbaijan: historical review and new data. Ecologica Montenegrina 82: 198–214. https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.82.15
Rambur JP (1858–1866) Catalogue systématique des Lépidoptéres de l’Andalousie. J.B. Bailliere, Paris, 4+412+12 p., 22 pls.
Romanoff MN (1884) Les Lépidoptères de la Transcaucasie. Première partie. Mémoires sur les Lépidoptères 1: 1–92, pls i–v.
Rottemburg SA von (1775) Anmerkungen zu den Hufnagelischen Tabellen der Schmetterlinge. Zweyte Abtheilung. Der Naturforscher 7, 105–112.
Špatenka K (1992) Contribution à la stabilisation de la taxinomie des Sésiides paléartiques (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae). Alexanor 17(8): 479–503.
Špatenka K, Gorbunov OG (1992) Vier neue paläarktische Glasflügler (Sesiidae, Lepidoptera). Entomofauna 13(23): 377–393.
Špatenka K, Gorbunov O, Laštůvka Z, Toševski I, Arita Yu (1999) Sesiidae, Clearwing Moths. In: Naumann CM (Ed.) Handbook of Palaearctic Macrolepidoptera. Volume 1. Gem Publishing Company, Wallingford, 569 p., 57 pls.
Špatenka K, Laštůvka Z (1988) Typen der Glasflügler aus der Staudinger- und Püngeler Sammlung im Zoologischen Museum Berlin (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae). Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift 35(4–5): 331–339. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19880350422
Staudinger O (1856) Beitrag zur Feststellung der bisher bekannten Sesien-Arten Europa’s und des angrenzenden Asien’s. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 17: 145–176, 193–224, 257–288, 323–338.
Staudinger O (1870–1871) Beitrag zur Lepidopterenfauna Griechenlands. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 7: 3–304, 3 Taf.
Snegovaya NYu, Yakovlev RV (2017) Carpenter-moths (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) from the collections of Institute of Zoology of Azerbaijan National Academy of Science. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 7 (2): 88–90. https://doi.org/10.15421/201723
Streltzov AN, Snegovaya N, Shapoval NA, Humbatov MF-O, Mammadov IB-O, Yakovlev RV (2024) New data on the Lepidoptera of Azerbaijan (Southern Transcaucasia). Superfamily Pyraloidea Latreille, 1809. Acta Biologica Sibirica 10: 767–790. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13337063
Ustjuzhanin PYa, Kovtunovich VN, Snegovaya NYu, Shapoval NA, Humbatov MF-O, Mammadov IB-O, Yakovlev RV (2025) New data on the Lepidoptera of Azerbaijan. Family Pterophoridae Latreille, 1802. Russian Entomological Journal 34(2): 274–277. https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.34.2.10
Yakovlev R, Snegovaya N (2020) Phragmataecia effendii sp. n., a new species of carpentermoth from Azerbaijan (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoology in the Middle East 66(4): 363–366. https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2020.1809784