Acta Biologica Sibirica

Technogenic effects on scots pine generative organs: a cross-country study

Gulmira Assylbekova — 2025-01-15

This article presents the results of a study assessing the state of morphological changes in the male generative organs of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Kazakhstan and Poland. The purpose of this study is to assess the transformation of pine pollen under different environmental conditions. Research and pollen sampling were carried out in 2023 in different environmental conditions and in different geographical areas: Astana (Kazakhstan), Bayanaul State National Natural Park (BSNNP) (Kazakhstan) and Poznan (Poland). For cytological analysis, microsporophylls were selected from the middle part of the microstrobilus, the material was stained with 1% Lugol's pharmaceutical solution, the preparations were studied on a Nikon eclipse E 200 microscope with a magnification of 10x15x40. The results of the analysis showed that the maximum number of disturbances in pine pollen was detected in samples from Poznan - 63%. In the Bayanaul Natural Park and in Astana, pine has fewer anomalies in pollen - 57% and 55%. The most common types of anomalies found in Scots pine pollen in the study areas are: deformed (26.3%), pollen with impaired shell formation (19%) and degraded (7.4%). Under conditions of technogenic pollution in coniferous trees (Pinus sylvestris L.), a higher level of abnormality of pollen grains was revealed than in relatively clean conditions, and a wide spectrum (sterile, deformed and small pollen grains with disturbances (without air sacs, with one and three air bags).

Uranium phytoremediation by Helianthus annuus L. and Amaranthus caudatus L. plants

Majid Mahdieh — 2025-01-17

Uranium contamination presents significant challenges to biological systems due to its chemical toxicity and radiological impacts. Rhizofiltration emerges as a cost-effective strategy for environmental remediation of uranium. This study aimed to compare the uranium uptake capabilities of two plant species, Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) and Amaranthus caudatus L. (purple amaranth), in a hydroponic system. The plants were cultivated in nutrient solutions supplemented with 0.5 mM or 1 mM UO₂(NO₃)₂.6H₂O without phosphate. After 14 days of growth, we assessed uranium uptake. Our findings revealed that H. annuus effectively removed over 95% of the initial uranium concentration from the solution, while A. caudatus exhibited a removal efficiency of approximately 65–80%. In both species, uranium accumulation and transport to the upper, harvestable parts were limited. The highest uranium concentration was observed in the roots of H. annuus (37,050.8 ± 3,547 mg kg-1 DW), whereas A. caudatus roots had a noticeably lower concentration (14,944.68 ± 3,278 mg kg-1 DW). Interestingly, A. caudatus demonstrated greater uranium accumulation in its shoots compared to H. annuus. Overall, while H. annuus demonstrates superior potential for uranium rhizofiltration, A. caudatus emerges as a promising candidate as a hyperaccumulator for uranium.

The effect of micro-plastics on the growth and development of Eisenia fetida (Savingy, 1826) in vermiculture

Andrey S. Babenko — 2025-01-18

The effect of different concentrations of e-waste plastic (acrylonitrilebutadiene styrene) in vermiculture on the growth and development of the compost earthworm E. fetida was studied. It was shown that at low concentrations of microplastics (1%) in vermiculture, earthworms practically do not reduce their growth and development indicators, while with an increase in the plastic concentration to 5–10%, the number of cocoons and juveniles decreases, and the growth of earthworm biomass slows down. Avoidance of the substrate and death of worms are not observed even with a relatively high (10%) proportion of plastic in the composted mixture.

New records of Lepidoptera on the South of the West Siberian Plain: report on 2024 field season

Svyatoslav V. Knyazev — 2025-01-19

Fourteen species of Sesiidae Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Satyridae, Geometridae, Arctiidae, Erebidae and Noctuidae are reported from the territory of Omsk and Novosibirsk Regions of Russia. Chamaesphecia crassicornis Bartel, 1912 is new to Asian part of Russia, Synanthedon altaica O. Gorbunov, 2018 and Gonospileia munita (Hübner, 1813) are new to the Russian Part of the West Siberian Plain. Five species are reported from the territory of Omsk Region for the first time. Nine species are new to the fauna of Novosibirsk Region. The first record of Triphysa nervosa Motschulsky, 1866 on the South of the West Siberian Plain provided.

Nuclear DNA content in some Chondrilla taxa (Asteraceae) of European Russia and Western Kazakhstan

Alena S. Parkhomenko — 2025-02-03

The aim of study was to evaluate the nuclear DNA content in samples of Chondrilla taxa from European Russia and Western Kazakhstan using flow cytometry approach. The analysis was performed in 30 populations of 8 taxa from the genus (C. brevirostris, C. laticoronata, C. juncea, C. latifolia, C. graminea, C. canescens, C. ambigua, and C. pauciflora). It was revealed that C. juncea, C. graminea, C. canescens and C. latifolia have the smallest monoploid genome size (1Cx) (1.078–1.098 pg), C. laticoronata and C. brevirostris have the intermediate values (1.190–1.203 pg), and C. pauciflora and C. ambigua have the largest (1.309–1.449 pg), i.e. the DNA content consistently increases by approximately 10% between these groups of taxa. The obtained results confirm the opinion that C. juncea, C. graminea, C. latifolia and C. canescens are synonymous with the priority name C. juncea. C. ambigua is the only one diploid species among the studied taxa. C. pauciflora is most likely its triploid cytotype. The position of C. laticoronata and C. brevirostris DNA contents between the C. juncea subspecies group, and the group including C. pauciflora and C. ambigua can be explained by distant hybridization that took place in the past, when C. ambigua or C. pauciflora acted as a maternal parent, and two species from the subgenus Chondrilla, different for each combination, acted as a paternal ones. The obtained results indicate that within the studied range the DNA content in Chondrilla at the interpopulation level changes regularly along the latitudinal gradient. From the south to about 50 °N, the genome size increases. From 50 °N to the north, the nuclear DNA content decreases.

Results of the entomological expedition of Altai State University to Pamir in 2023: Nolidae, Erebidae sensu stricto and Noctuidae (Lepidoptera)

Alexey Y. Matov — 2025-02-03

We present the faunal list of Nolidae, Erebidae sensu stricto and Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) of Mountain-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of the Republic of Tajikistan, including 184 species. Two species: Hadena chrysocyanea Boursin, 1961 and Chilodes distracta (Eversmann, 1848) (Noctuidae: Noctuinae) are reported for Tajikistan for the first time.

Composition of fatty acids, essential oils and morphological characteristics of some medial plants growing in permafrost ecosystems

Vasiliy V. Nokhsorov — 2025-02-07

Using chromatographic (TLC, GC-FID), spectrophotometric methods (3D fluorescence spectroscopy), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the composition and content of fatty acids (FA), essential oils (EO) and morphological features were investigated in five plant species (Alnus alnobetula subsp. fruticosa (Rupr.) Raus, Equisetum arvense L., Tanacetum vulgare L., Thymus serpyllum L. subsp. mongolicus Ronniger, Juniperus sibirica Burgsd.) from different taxonomic groups (angiosperms, gymnosperms, and cryptogams) growing in the conditions of cryolithozone of Yakutia. Differences in the magnitude and variability of FA composition in the studied species were revealed. The main components of total lipids were found to be polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the acid families omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6), such as linoleic [18:2(n-6)], (LA) and alpha-linolenic [18:3(n-3)], (ALA), the content of which reached up to 47.4% of the sum of FA. Comparative analysis of the component composition of the components of EO of essential oils revealed that two species were characterized by a high content from polyphenolic compounds of T. serpyllum and J. sibirica, compared to other species studied. When plants were examined using SEM, morphological features such as the presence of well-formed trichomes, megasporophylls, and microphylls were identified. The identification of features such as high PUFA content in total lipids, polyphenolic components in essential oils, and well-formed trichomes, megasporophylls, and microphylls contribute to the survival and subsequent vegetation of perennial plants in cold climate permafrost ecosystems.

Annotated list of vascular plants of Zarafshan National Natural Park (Uzbekistan)

Flora Kabulova — 2025-02-08

The article provides an annotated list of vascular plants growing since the beginning of the formation of the Zarafshan State Reserve in 1975 and then in 2018 transferred to another category of protected area – Zarafshan National Natural Park. The list includes 416 plant species belonging to 229 genera and 61 families. One of the serious problems of our time is the degradation of ecosystems, the reduction of biological diversity and the irreparable loss of the gene pool of the plant world. Therefore, protection of the natural environment, accounting and rational use of biological resources is the basis for the development of any state.

Differences in individual behavior and trophic niche of the red wood ant Formica aquilonia from urban and natural habitats: a case study in Novosibirsk region (West Siberia, Russia)

Ivan K. Iakovlev — 2025-02-09

Behavior plays a key role in the ability of animals to adapt to human-induced environmental change, although the consistency of these behavioral changes and their links to ecological niche are less clear. In this study, we examined the effects of habitat type and season on behavioral variation, trophic isotopic niche, and their relationships in the ant Formica aquilonia, a keystone species of forest communities in North Eurasia, collected from an urban forest park and a natural forest in spring and autumn. We found that exploratory activity was lower in urban than in natural forest ants. Aggression scores towards competitors (Lasius fuliginosus, L. niger) were similar in both habitats, but urban ants interacted longer with L. niger. Individual ant responses were positively correlated as an aggression-boldness syndrome (more aggressive individuals are more exploratory) in the natural habitat, but not in the urban environment, where the association between aggression and exploration was negative in autumn and decoupled in spring. The trophic niche of the ants differed between the habitats, expressed by lower δ15N and δ13C values in urban ants. It indicates that ants in the urban park fed at a lower trophic level and presumably consumed less tree-related resources than in the natural forest. Exploratory activity was positively correlated with δ13C value, suggesting a possible link between personality traits and ant diet. Our results on ants support findings on human-induced behavioral changes in vertebrates and highlight the need for further studies on the adaptation of wood ants to life in urban environments.

Lepidoptera of South Ossetia (Northern Transcaucasia). Part VI. Family Geometridae Leach, 1815

Artem E. Naydenov — 2025-02-17

Here we provide the faunal list of 121 species from five subfamily of geometrid moths collected in South Ossetia. A total of 120 species are being reported for the first time in this territory.

An annotated checklist of ladybeetle species (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) of Ferghana Valley (Uzbekistan)

Saodat T. Gafurova — 2025-02-26

The article presents the results of a study on the fauna of lady beetles (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) based on our observations in the Fergana Valley during the spring, summer, and autumn seasons as well as the winter season from 2022 to 2024. Thirty-five species of lady beetles, belonging to 5 subfamilies (Scymninae, Chilocorinae, Ortaliinae, Coccinellinae, and Hyperaspidinae), 9 tribes, and 19 genera, were found along the valley. Noteworthy species identified in the Fergana Valley during the research include Novius yemenensis (Raimundo & Fürsch, 2006), Platynaspidius saundersi (Crotch, 1874), Brachiacontha ursine (Chevrolat in Dejean, 1837), Scymnus marinus (Mulsant, 1850). The species Calvia muiri (Timberlake, 1943) and Clitostethus arcuatus (Rossi, 1794) were recorded for the first time in the fauna of Uzbekistan and 23 species were recorded for the first time in the Fergana Valley.

On the morphology and systematics of Bembecia jakuta (Herz, 1903) (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae)

Oleg G. Gorbunov — 2025-03-02

The description and illustrations of Bembecia jakuta (Herz, 1903) are presented herein. To stabilize the species epithet, clarify the taxonomic status, and define the type locality of this under-researched species of clearwing moths (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) within the Palearctic region, a neotype is designated. A comprehensive analysis of the external morphology, along with the examination of the male genitalia, indicates that this species is closely related to B. aktashica O. Gorbunov, 2018; however, it exhibits distinct differences in the coloration of certain body parts and the configuration of the transparent areas of the forewing. Furthermore, these two species display minor variations in the structure of the male genitalia. The female, host plants, and biological characteristics of the larvae remain unidentified.

First records of two Triplax species (Coleoptera, Erotylidae) from Kazakhstan. Report 2

Izbasar I. Temreshev — 2025-03-06

Pleasing fungus beetles (Erotylidae) Triplax rufipes (Fabricius, 1787) and Triplax scutellaris Charpentier, 1825 is firstly recorded from Kazakhstan. A new key to known species of the genus Triplax from Kazakhstan is given. The finds of T. rufipes from North Kazakhstan are currently new record for this species for Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Mealy oyster Ossicaulis lignatilis (Pers.) Redhead & Ginns mushroom were first recorded from Kazakhstan for T. rufipes and T. scutellaris.

Review of rare bird species in the North Kazakhstan: update and additions to the regional avifauna list

Ivan A. Zuban — 2025-03-11

The study details long-term observations conducted in the North Kazakhstan region from 2016 to 2024, focusing on bird species that were either previously unrecorded or rarely encountered. The research clarified data on the occurrence and seasonal activity of specific species by analyzing unpublished observations and recent publications. A notable outcome was the addition of six new species to the regional avifauna list, enhancing our understanding of local bird diversity. These findings underscore the dynamic nature of bird populations and the potential impacts of ecological and climatic changes. Key factors contributing to the registration of new species include climate change and habitat transformation. The results highlight the importance of ongoing biodiversity monitoring in light of global changes.

Triodia laetus (Staudinger, 1877) – new species of ghost moths (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae) for the fauna of Russia, Armenia and Azerbaijan

Svyatoslav A. Knyazev — 2025-03-12

A poorly-known Hepialidae species Triodia laetus (Staudinger, 1877) is reported from the territory of Russia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan for the first time. The new locations proved its wide distribution in the Caucasus and Transcaucasia. Type specimens, materials from museum and private collections, as well as photographic observations on iNaturalist were studied. A description of the external characteristics of the male and female is given, as well as a description and images of the genitals. The distinctive features are compared with the closely related species Triodia sylvina (Linnaeus, 1761).

A new species of the genus Bembecia Hübner, 1819 (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) from Omsk Region of Russia (West Siberia)

Svyatoslav A. Knyazev — 2025-03-13

A new species, Bembecia lavrovi Knyazev, sp. n. from Omsk Region of Russia in West Siberia, is described based on a series of 80 specimens. A detailed description of the external characteristics of the male and female, as well as the structure of the male genitalia, is provided. The new species is close to Bembecia sareptana (Bartel, 1912) and Bembecia aktashica O. Gorbunov 2018 but is distinguished by its large size, more contrasting and bright coloring, details of the wing pattern and the structure of the genitals.

First record of Sphenoptera (Chilostetha) egena Mannerheim, 1852 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from Kazakhstan with notes on its bionomics and distribution

Aizhan M. Tleppaeva — 2025-03-17

During the fieldwork conducted between 2021 and 2023 in the territory adjacent to the Tarbagatai Natural Park, a new species of jewel beetle (Coleoptera, Buprestidae), Sphenoptera (Chilostetha) egena Mannerheim, 1852, was discovered, marking a noteworthy addition to the fauna of Kazakhstan. Specimens of this species were collected in June from arid shrub-steppe slopes in the western part of the Tarbagatai Range, specifically near the village of Taskesken in the Karakol River floodplain. Prior to this discovery, Sphenoptera egena had only been reported from regions in Russia (Western and Eastern Siberia) and Mongolia. This paper presents a concise diagnostic overview of the genus Sphenoptera Dejean, 1833, along with a brief description of the species. Using ArcGIS PRO 3.1.1, we created a distribution map and modeled the favorable habitat conditions for Sphenoptera egena. Additionally, we provide a description of the background vegetation in the species' collection site. Photographs of the jewel beetle were captured using a Canon Kiss X4 camera with a Canon 60 mm Macro USM lens, illustrating the collection site of S. egena. Furthermore, other species, such as Agrilus sericans Kiesenwetter, 1857, and Meliboeus morawitzi (Semenov, 1905), were concurrently identified in the fauna of these steppe slopes. The identification of Sphenoptera egena not only enriches the inventory of jewel beetles in Kazakhstan, which currently includes over 200 species and subspecies across five subfamilies, twelve tribes, and twenty-eight genera, but also extends the known distribution range of this species.

Age structure and growth of the black-ocellated racerunner (Eremias nigrocellata, Reptilia, Lacertidae) in the loess desert of Tajikistan

Artem A. Kidov — 2025-03-19

The paper presents the results of age and growth studying of the black-ocellated racerunner (Eremias nigrocellata) by skeletochronology. 23 adult individuals (14 females and 9 males) collected on the border of Shaartuz and Nosiri-Khusrav districts in Khatlon region of Tajikistan were studied. All animals, on the section of tubular bones had a birth (hatching) line appearing shortly after the lizards hatching. Females were 1–7 years old (average 3.64 years), and males 1–5 years old (average 3.11 years). In the group of studied animals, the majority of individuals were 2–4 years old (65.2%). The largest number of females were aged three and four years (21.4% each). The male group was dominated by individuals aged four (33.3%), three and two years (22.2% each). Females and males did not differ in size from each other. The body length of the studied females was 55.25–65.61 mm (average 60.28), and males 58.42–63.32 mm (average 60.11). The calculated maximum body length (SVLmax) of females (61.33 mm) did not differ from the length of males (61.57 mm). The growth coefficient (k) of females (0.99) was higher than males (0.87). The annual survival score (S) in females (0.74) was similar to males (0.70). The life expectancy of individuals who survived one wintering (ESP) was 4.35 years for females and 3.88 years for males.

List of fungus gnats (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae) of the Republic of Mordovia (Russia)

Mikhail N. Esin — 2025-03-19

The annotated checklist includes 309 species from the families Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, and Mycetophilidae. In addition to the previous records, 242 species have been recorded for the fauna of the Republic of Mordovia for the first time. Among these are species new to Russia (Orfelia boreoalpina, Mycetophila rudis, Neoclastobasis draskovitsae, Novakia scatopsiformis) and a species new to the Palearctic (Sciophila emarginata). The collection sites are described. For the first time, 242 species are recorded for the fauna of the Republic of Mordovia. Over the course of the study, 275 species were noted in the Mordovia Nature Reserve, 91 species in National Park "Smolny", and 47 species in other locations within the region. Data on trapping methods for the collected fungus gnats are provided. Comparative data on species abundance in neighboring regions are also discussed.

Key factors of avian diversity and sustainability in the forest-steppe lakes of Western Siberia

Maria Yu. Ivanova — 2025-03-21

The article examines the relationship between various parameters of 25 forest–steppe lakes in Western Siberia and the biological diversity of bird communities, based on bird censuses conducted from 2002 to 2023. It focuses on factors such as the lakes' physical characteristics, climate zone peculiarities, salinity levels, lake area, and the extent of overgrowth. A total of 180 bird species typical of the Western Siberia forest–steppe zone were recorded. The study found a statistically significant differentiation in bird communities across subzones, with the mean total bird abundance in the middle forest–steppe being 2.5 times greater than that in the northern forest–steppe. Correlation analysis revealed a significant inverse relationship between lake salinity levels and both species number and total bird abundance, as well as the species diversity and resilient sustainability indices of water bird communities. Conversely, a significant direct influence of salinity on the resistant sustainability index was observed. Additionally, a statistically significant, albeit weak, positive correlation was found between total bird abundance and the degree of lake overgrowth by aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation. However, no clear correlation was established between the area of the lakes and the examined properties of bird communities.

Myriapoda (Diplopoda, Chilopoda) of the Southern Cultures Park (Krasnodar Province, Southern Russia): unappreciated biodiversity

Aleksandr P. Evsyukov — 2025-03-25

The biodiversity of botanical gardens and arboreta is typically assessed by vegetation, birds, and insects such as beetles and butterflies. At the same time, most of the invertebrate animals live in litter and soil, while remaining hidden and poorly studied. Here we present the results of studies of two classes of myriapods in Southern Cultures Park, Adler, Krasnodar Province, Russia. During 2021, the diversity and abundance of myriapods were assessed by quantitative data obtained using pitfall traps. From these traps, 20 species of diplopods and 14 species of chilopods were recorded. Alpha diversity of myriapods was significantly higher (p=0.043) in the spring-summer season in comparison to summer-fall. Beta diversity also significantly differed (p≤0.031) between these seasons. The abundance of Brachyiulus lusitanus (p=0.018), Polydesmus mediterraneus (p=0.047), Julus colchicus (p=0.020), and Cylindroiulus placidus (p=0.047) was significantly higher in the spring season, while in the summer season, the abundance of Anthroleucosomatidae Gen. sp.1 (p=0.047) was significantly dominant. Also, from 2018 to 2024, using hand collection from litter, 2 additional species of diplopods and 7 species of chilopods were recorded. Species of myriapods that were not previously recorded in Russia and introduced species were identified and illustrated.

Genetic diversity of microsymbionts from legumes Oxytropis putoranica M. Ivanova, Oxytropis mertensiana Turcz., Astragalus norvegicus Grauer, Astragalus tugarinovii Basil. growing on the Putorana Plateau in Arctic Russia

Irina G. Kuznetsova — 2025-04-02

There is a significant potential for the introduction of legumes into the Arctic regions of Russia. The ability of legumes to form a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with nodule bacteria is one of their most important characteristics. The article studies the genetic diversity of the 24 bacterial strains isolated from root nodules from wild populations of legumes Oxytropis putoranica M. Ivanova, O. mertensiana Turcz., Astragalus norvegicus Grauer, and A. tugarinovii Basil. collected on the Putorana Plateau (Krasnoyarsk region, Arctic Russia). The microbial strains were isolated using yeast broth made with a standard method using YMA mannitol. Genomic DNA was isolated from pure cultures and the primary identification of the strains was carried out by PCR followed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA marker gene fragment. To clarify the identity of the species, ITS sequencing of the region was performed. The isolates were assigned to six genera and to five families of the order Hyphomicrobiales: Pararhizobium and Neorhizobium (family Rhizobiaceae), Phyllobacterium (Phyllobacteraceae), Microvirga (Methylobacteriaceae), Bosea (Boseaceae) and Tardiphaga (Bradyrhizobiaceae). Isolates from O. putoranica nodules were identified as Neorhizobium galegae, Bosea sp., Bosea vaviloviae, and Tardiphaga robiniae. The isolated nodules of O. mertensiana were identified as Pararhizobium herbae, Tardiphaga robiniae, Microvirga ossetica, and Microvirga sp. Microsymbionts of A. norvegicus were assigned to Bosea psychrotolerans and to Pararhizobium herbae and Tardiphaga robiniae species, while isolates from A. tugarinovii were identified as Phyllobacterium zundukense, Bosea sp., and Tardiphaga robiniae. Symbiotic the nodA gene was detected in strains P. herbae P14/2-4 and P20/1-1, P. zundukense P17/1-7 and P17/3-2, while the nodC gene was not detected in any of the strains. The sterile test tube experiment confirmed the inability of strains P. herbae P14/2-4 and P20/1-1 to form nodules in host plants O. mertensiana and A. norvegicus, as well as in other wild arctic (A. tugarinovii, O. putoranica) and forage legumes (Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, and Lathyrus pratensis). The results obtained expand the understanding of the taxonomic status and biodiversity of local microsymbionts of wild legumes that grow on the Putorana Plateau. The study of the symbiotic efficiency of Arctic rhizobia will allow us to identify the most promising strains for the development of effective biofertilizers for the cultivation of forage and pasture legumes under the extreme soil and climatic conditions of the Russian Arctic. In turn, the creation of highly adapted legume-rhizobial systems based on valuable genetic resources of Arctic rhizobia strains will expand the range of legume species promising for use in the creation of multi-component agrophytocenoses necessary for the sustainable development of animal husbandry in Arctic regions of Russia.

Anthropogenic origin of island entomofaunas: a case study of Diptera and Odonata

Nikita E. Vikhrev — 2025-04-03

Several examples of modern entomofaunas (particularly orders Diptera and Odonata) of remote islands, and to a lesser degree, recently colonised continents were considered. The author presents taxonomic, biogeographical, logical, and molecular-genetic arguments to support the idea that the modern composition of these entomofaunas can be effectively explained by the anthropogenic invasion that has occurred within the last 3000 years. The author estimates that rare undoubted cases of natural colonisation do occur on islands once every one to three million years. It is assumed that preanthropogenic entomofaunas were poorer, but much more endemic. If so, entomologists should consider this when proposing taxonomic hypotheses. Molecular genetic methods can verify the author's conceptual idea.

First record of the genus Combocerus Bedel, 1868 (Coleoptera, Erotylidae) for the fauna of Kazakhstan

Izbasar I. Temreshev — 2025-04-05

Pleasing fungus beetle Combocerus Bedel, 1868 with species C. glaber (Schaller, 1783) of the family Erotylidae is firstly recorded from Kazakhstan. The finds of C. glaber from Akmola Oblast of North Kazakhstan are currently the easthmost localities for this species and first record for Central Asia. Beetles found under the bark of dead Salix alba L., on the fungi – wood mushroom Agaricus silvicola (Vittad.) Peck, 1872, scaly sawgill Neolentinus lepideus (Fr.) Redhead & Ginns, 1985 and violet-toothed polypore Trichaptum biforme (Fr.) Ryvarden, 1972, which is new data on the biology of this species. Now there are eight genera and twenty one species of the Erotylidae in Kazakhstan.

Biochemical and antioxidant characteristics of the soil strain Chlorococcum oleofaciens (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) grown in light, dark and bicarbonate conditions

Aleksandr V. Yakoviichuk — 2025-04-05

This study aimed to examine the biochemical and antioxidant characteristics of a soil strain of Chlorococcum oleofaciens CAMU MZ–Ch4 (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) when cultured in light, darkness, and a combination of light-bicarbonate and dark-bicarbonate in an acute 96-hour experiment. The study established that cultivation in the dark is accompanied by an increase in the antioxidant status of Chlorococcum oleofaciens CAMU MZ–Ch4 strain cells, which is associated with the accumulation of low-molecular antioxidants and the activation of antioxidant enzymes. Culturing in the dark also causes the accumulation of chlorophyll a, ascorbic acid, astaxanthin, and lipids. But biomass productivity and concentration decreased. Introducing NaHCO3 into the medium inhibits the biosynthesis and accumulation of α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, and chlorophylls both under illuminated and in the dark. The intensity of lipid peroxidation decreases and the activity of antioxidant enzymes increases under light and in the dark conditions with NaHCO3 in the medium.

Geographic gradients in a functional trait: variation of body size and size diversity in ground beetle Poecilus cupreus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

Raisa A. Sukhodolskaya — 2025-04-06

The aim of this study was to test the character of body size variation and its diversity in the widespread ground beetle Poecilus cupreus in geographical gradients. Beetles were sampled in 14 regions of Europe and the Asia, and sampling territories differed by 17° in latitude and 121° in longitude. We measured six linear traits in each captured beetle and formed a data set that included 6745 individuals. In the latitudinal gradient, three of the six traits studied decreased their values (direct trends), and the variability curve of four of the six features studied is hump-shaped with a maximum value in the middle latitudes (polynomial trends). In the longitudinal gradient, three traits decreased their values (direct trends), and the variability of three ones had the form of a concave curve with minimum values in the middle longitudes. The variability coefficients of the features themselves behave differently. Their value increased in the latitudinal gradient and decreased in the longitudinal gradient (direct trends). Polynomial trends show a hump-shaped curve – the greatest variability of feature values is observed in the middle latitudes and middle longitudes. We worked according to a single methodology and our analysis is intraspecific, so we insist that such eco-geographic and morphometric studies be conducted in the same way.

The grasshopper Eremippus simplex (Eversmann) (Orthoptera, Acrididae) in South Siberia: Rediscovery of a rare species

Michael G. Sergeev — 2025-04-09

The general distribution of the grasshopper Eremippus simplex (Eversmann, 1859) is described. Its taxonomic position and ecological peculiarities are characterized. It is one of the most widespread representatives of the genus and is the only species crossing the 52nd parallel in the north direction. The species is associated with dry steppes, semi-deserts and northern deserts and prefers habitats with dominance of different low sagebrushes (Artemisia spp.) and salinized soils. In the southern parts of Siberia and in the south-eastern parts of European Russia, its populations were and are very rare and insular. The MaxEnt models generated for the contemporary period and for 2021–2040 and 2041–2060 according the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 3-7.0 and the global climate model CNRM- ESM2-1 provide an opportunity to evaluate the suitability of conditions for the species and show that, in the future, the general character of its distribution may change quite slightly, but its populations may become more prosperous in the future.

Trophic structure and soil depth stratification as ecological drivers of taxonomic and species diversity in the nematode community in Central Asian peach orchards

Dilnoza M. Nurmatova — 2025-04-10

The formation of nematode communities and their drivers remain poorly understood in arid agroecosystems, particularly in Central Asia’s intensive orchards. We investigated nematode fauna in peach orchards of Uzbekistan’s Zarafshan Valley (2023–2024), where low-organic soils (0.9–1.3% OM) and monoculture practices create unique ecological constraints. From 180 samples (149 nematode-positive), we identified 61 species across 38 genera, including Butlerius butleri Goodey, 1929 (Rhabditida) as a new country record. The study revealed clear patterns in how nematodes distribute themselves across different habitats within peach orchards. Root systems showed a strong preference for endoparasitic nematodes like Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus, which were found to be 9.2 times more likely to occur in roots compared to soil. Meanwhile, the soil layers hosted the majority (85.7%) of bacterivorous nematodes, though their populations decreased significantly with depth – diversity indices dropped from 3.88 in the top 0–15 cm layer to 3.81 in the 15–30 cm layer. Interestingly, while the types of nematode species remained quite similar between soil layers (with a 92% similarity index), their actual numbers varied considerably, suggesting that environmental conditions primarily affect population sizes rather than species presence. Several key environmental factors emerged as important drivers of these distribution patterns. Organic matter content stood out as the strongest predictor, accounting for 51% of the variation in nematode diversity, followed closely by soil bulk density at 43%. Soil chemistry also played a significant role, with pH and nutrient levels (N, P, K) showing moderate to strong correlations (0.58–0.64) with nematode abundance. Some nematode groups displayed remarkable adaptability – omnivorous species like Eudorylaimus showed no particular depth preference, maintaining consistent populations throughout the soil profile. These findings provide important ecological insights about soil communities in agricultural systems. The feeding habits of nematodes explained about 18% of how communities were structured, revealing how agricultural practices create different nematode communities compared to natural ecosystems. One of the most striking observations was that changes in soil depth affected nematode numbers 2.3 times more strongly than they affected which species were present. This suggests that farming practices likely influence nematode communities more by changing population sizes than by eliminating particular species, with soil quality parameters like organic matter and compaction being particularly important factors shaping these communities.

Water mites (Acariformes, Hydrachnidia) of the Sob River basin (Polar Urals)

Vitaly A. Stolbov — 2025-04-11

Water mites were investigated in water bodies of the Sob River basin, which flows in the central part of the Polar Urals, in the region of the Arctic Circle. The upper and middle courses of the River Sob, its tributaries in the mountainous and plain regions, as well as lakes and floodplain ponds were studied. In total, 35 species from 8 families were identified from 12 waterbodies, 24 species were found in rivers and 12 species in lakes. It was found that the fauna of water mites in the rivers was very rich and diverse. Lebertiidae, Sperchontidae and Hygrobatidae dominated in terms of species number and abundance. The fauna of the mountain rivers was poorer than that of the plain rivers. Feltria minuta and Sperchon glandulosus dominated in different sites of the upper course of the Sob River and its mountain tributaries. The highest number of mites and the greatest diversity of species were found in the middle reaches of the Sob River and its tributaries in the plain area. Species of the genera Atractides and Lebertia dominated in these rivers. The number of mites was low in lakes and they were represented by a small number of species. In stagnant waters, Lebertia litoralis and species of the genus Piona predominated in abundance and occurrence. The fauna of water mites in the River Sob basin is similar to other parts of the Urals, especially in the Nether-Polar Ural water bodies. In comparison with the southern regions of the Urals, the species composition of water mites in the Polar Urals is poorer. Some genera and families that are numerous in the Central and Northern Urals are absent. In the same time species of northern and eastern origin such as Sperchonopsis minutiporus and Sperchon laurenticus are present.

New and poorly known species of Berlandina Dalmas, 1922 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Uzbekistan

Feruz A. Shodmonov — 2025-04-14

Three new species of the gnaphosid spider genus Berlandina Dalmas, 1922 are described from Uzbeki- stan based on males: B. izzatullaevi sp. n. (Samarkand Region), B. jabborovi sp. n. and B. khalimovi sp. n. (both from Surxondaryo Region). The poorly-illustrated species, B. plumalis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872), is redescribed based on newly collected specimens from Uzbekistan. All studied species are assigned to their respective species-groups. Detailed (re)descriptions, digital photographs and a distribution map are provided.

New records of Macroheterocera (Insecta, Lepidoptera) from the southernmost part of the Khabarovsk Krai (Russian Far East)

Evgeny S. Koshkin — 2025-04-16

Fourteen species of Lepidoptera from the families Limacodidae, Uraniidae, Notodontidae, Erebidae, Nolidae, and Noctuidae are reported from the Bikin District (Khabarovsk Krai, Russia). Among these, Rhamnosa angulata Fixsen, 1887 (Limacodidae), Dysaethria illotata (Christoph, 1880) (Uraniidae), Hypena narratalis Walker, 1858, and Hypersypnoides astrigera (Butler, 1885) (Erebidae) represent first records for Khabarovsk Krai. New occurrences of Miltochrista pallida (Bremer, 1864) and Stigmatophora flava (Bremer & Gray, 1852) (Erebidae) confirm their presence in the region. Additionally, rare East Asian species – Mimopydna pallida (Butler, 1877) (Notodontidae), Stigmatophora leacrita (Swinhoe, 1894) (Erebidae), Gelastocera eminentissima Bryk, 1948 (Nolidae), Imosca coreana (Matsumura, 1926), Orthosia satoi Sugi, 1960, O. ryrholmi G. Ronkay, L. Ronkay, Gyulai & Hacker, 2010, and Perigrapha extincta Kononenko, 1989 (Noctuidae) – were documented, significantly expanding knowledge of their Far Eastern distributions. The boreal species Brachionycha sajana Draudt, 1934 (Noctuidae) was recorded at its southernmost known range limit.

De novo transcriptome assembly of the Baikal stone sculpin Paracottus knerii (Dybowski, 1874) from the Angara River as the first transcriptomic resource for Lake Baikal Cottidae

Vasiliy Pomazkin — 2025-04-17

Lake Baikal is the largest freshwater reservoir inhabited by a number of endemic species flocks belonging to different taxa. However, genomic resources for these groups of endemics are still relatively scarce, limiting understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind their physiology. One of these species flocks are Baikal sculpins of the family Cottidae. Here, we present the first transcriptome assembly for this group using stone sculpin Paracottus knerii (Dybowsky, 1874) as a model. The transcriptome was obtained from the whole body of a P. knerii fry and contains a diverse array of immunity-related transcripts, paving the way for studies investigating the immune response of Lake Baikal sculpins.

New regional records of vascular plants from Kyrgyzstan

Alexey P. Seregin — 2025-04-23

We present and discuss noteworthy floristic records obtained during the Moscow University summer expedition to Kyrgyzstan in 2016. Three taxa are reported as new for Kyrgyzstan: a native species (Utricularia australis R. Br.), an established alien (Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte), and a nothospecies of local origin (Arctium × ambiguum (Čelak.) Nyman). Additionally, we document 31 species (26 native and 5 alien – Anthemis ruthenica M. Bieb., Atriplex oblongifolia Waldst. et Kit., Chenopodium vulvaria L., Lepidotheca suaveolens (Pursh) Nutt., and Medicago sativa L. s. l.) as new records for one of the seven floristic regions defined in the standard national checklist. These include 12 new records for Western Tian Shan, six for the Alay Valley, six for Inner Tian Shan, four for Fergana, three for the Ysyk-Köl Depression, and two for Northern Kyrgyzstan. Furthermore, we provide supplementary records for 12 species previously overlooked in the national checklist, supported by historical references and newly collected specimens.

A new species of the Genus Triodia Hübner, [1820] from Turkmenistan (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae)

Svyatoslav A. Knyazev — 2025-04-24

A new species, Triodia turkmenica Knyazev, sp.n. from Turkmenistan, is described. A detailed description of the external characteristics of the male and female, as well as the structure of the genitalia, is provided. The new species is closely related to Triodia laetus (Staudinger, 1877) but is distinguished by its smaller size, lighter and more mottled coloring. There is also an external similarity with Triodia amasinus (Herrich-Schäffer, [1852]) from which the new species differs well in the structure of the genitals. The female of the new species is similar to the female of Triodia sylvina (Linnaeus, 1761), but differs well from it in a strongly segmented wing pattern.

Materials on the Lepidoptera of Uzbekistan. Part I. Family Geometridae Leach, 1815

Artem E. Naydenov — 2025-04-26

The article provides a list of seventy-four collected species of geometrid moths from the territory of Uzbekistan based on the results of four expeditions in 2022–2024 in Andizhan, Namangan, Fergana, Tashkent, Jizzakh, Samarkand, Bukhara, Qashqadaryo and Surxondaryo regions. Twenty-three species recorded for the first time for the fauna of the country are indicated and illustrated.

Colonization of reclaimed post-mining habitats by Myriapoda (Diplopoda, Chilopoda) in southwestern Siberia, Russia

Sergey L. Luzyanin — 2025-04-30

Post-mining landscapes undergo profound ecological transformations, yet the recovery of soil fauna remains poorly understood. This study examines the colonization patterns of myriapods (Diplopoda and Chilopoda) on reclaimed coal mining dumps in southwestern Siberia (Kemerovo Oblast, Russia) across different successional stages. From 2014 to 2017, we sampled two coal mining sites, comparing dumps of varying recovery ages with undisturbed control habitats. Results reveal stark contrasts between the two myriapod groups: Diplopoda exhibited low abundance and species richness, colonizing only at later successional stages, influenced by soil pH, organic carbon, and vegetation cover. In contrast, Chilopoda rapidly colonized young dumps, with pioneer species like Lamyctes africanus dominating early successional stages. Statistical modeling identified soil moisture (HTC), nitrogen content, and pH as key drivers of myriapod distribution. These findings highlight the slow recovery of millipede communities compared to centipedes, which act as early colonizers shaping trophic networks. The study underscores the need for targeted reclamation strategies that enhance soil conditions and vegetation to facilitate soil fauna restoration. Understanding these successional dynamics can improve biodiversity recovery in post-mining ecosystems.

Taxonomic review of the Plebejus christophi (Staudinger, 1874) species group from Central Asia with the descriptions of new taxa (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)

Sergey V. Churkin — 2025-05-05

The review includes the comparative analyses of Plebejus christophi (Staudinger, 1874), P. argivus (Staudinger, 1886), P. argivus noah (Herz, 1900), comb. nova et stat. novus, and P. roxane (Grum- Grshimailo, 1887). Three new taxa are described: P. karinae sp. nova (NW Kazakhstan, Atyrau reg., NW Kulsary town), P. paveli sp. nova (E Kazakhstan, south of Lake Zaisan, Zhagalbaily Mts.) and P. argivus kazakh ssp. nova (Kazakhstan, Transili Alatau Mts., northern foothills). The distinctions of the genitalia are discussed in details. Some notes about P. bergi Kuznetzov, 1908 are added, including designation of the neotype.

First record of Euzophera alpherakyella Ragonot, 1887 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae) from Uzbekistan

Malikjon R. Shermatov — 2025-05-08

This study presents the first confirmed record of Euzophera alpherakyella Ragonot, 1887 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae: Phycitini) from Uzbekistan. The species was identified based on two specimens collected from the Chimgan foothills in the southern part of the Fergana Valley. In addition to a detailed morphological description of adult moths, diagnostic images of the male and female genitalia are provided to support the identification of the species.

Diversity of entomopathogenic micromycetes associated with orchard pest species Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Caliroa cerasi (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

Nygora Y. Zukhritdinova — 2025-05-08

This study reports the first isolation and characterization of entomopathogenic micromycetes from naturally deceased specimens of two key orchard pests in Uzbekistan: the codling moth Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus, 1758) and the cherry slug sawfly Caliroa cerasi (Linnaeus, 1758). Comparative analysis revealed distinct fungal communities associated with each species, with C. cerasi harboring 15 species of micromycetes and C. pomonella hosting 14 species. Dominant genera included Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Metarhizium, and Mucor. The widespread occurrence of these entomopathogenic fungi suggests their dual ecological role as both indicators of potential phytopathogens affecting fruit trees and as natural antagonists of pest insects. These findings provide a foundation for developing targeted biological control strategies against orchard pests while offering insights into plant-pathogen-insect interactions in agroecosystems. The results highlight the potential of native fungal isolates for sustainable pest management in Uzbek orchards.

Morphology of the preimaginal stages of Carcinopyga lichenigera C. Felder & R. Felder, 1874 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Vitaly M. Spitsyn — 2025-05-24

In this paper, we describe the preimaginal stages of Carcinopyga lichenigera C. Felder & R. Felder distributed in the mountain regions of eastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and northwestern India (Ladakh; Jammu and Kashmir). Additionally, we illustrate adults of both sexes as well as their genitalia. Illustrations of female genitalia are provided for the first time.

Planktonic crustaceans of the Balkhash-Alakol lake system (South-Eastern Kazakhstan)

Akerke Kenzheyeva — 2025-06-01

Planktonic crustaceans are the basis of the food supply for animals with higher trophic levels and determine the fish productivity of any water body. Large Cladocera play a significant role in the natural purification of the water column. Some Copepods are intermediate hosts of parasites, including those that are dangerous to humans. Given the key role of planktonic invertebrates, their research is essential for effective management of aquatic ecosystems. The Balkhash-Alakol system includes five main lakes (Balkhash, Alakol, Koshkarkol, Sasykkol, and Zhalanashkol), with a pronounced gradient of water mineralization. The study of planktonic crustaceans in the lakes of the Balkhash-Alakol system was carried out between 2002 and 2007. Previous studies addressed zooplankton; however, planktonic crustaceans were not studied separately, making this research necessary. The samples and the processing of the zooplankton samples were performed using standard methods. During the study, 74 planktonic crustaceans were recorded, with the highest species richness in the East Balkhash and Alakol lakes (48–47 species) and the lowest values in Zhalanashkol (9 species). According to the results of the cluster analysis, the species composition of planktonic crustaceans in the lakes surveyed was characterized by a low level of similarity. Ecologically, euryhaline forms predominated throughout. The abundance of planktonic crustaceans ranged from 31,836 to 105,860 individuals/m³. The dominant species included Diaphanosoma lacustris, Mesocyclops leuckarti, Thermocyclops crassus, Arctodiaptomus salinus, and Ceriodaphnia reticulata. The results obtained expand our understanding of the formation of the structure of plankton communities under the influence of external factors.

Spatial ecology and population trends of the scavengers (Aves: Falconiformes) in Azerbaijan

Arzu F. Mammadov — 2025-06-05

Avian scavengers in Azerbaijan, including the Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus), Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus), Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus), and Bearded Vulture (Gypaetus barbatus), are experiencing significant population declines, with a 15.3% reduction in breeding pairs documented between 2012 and 2024. This study presents the first comprehensive assessment of their nesting ecology, population trends, and anthropogenic threats across Azerbaijan’s three major mountain regions: the Greater Caucasus, Lesser Caucasus, and Talysh Mountains. Systematic surveys of 33 nesting sites revealed distinct spatial and elevational segregation, with 60.6% of nests located in the Lesser Caucasus, 36.3% in the Greater Caucasus, and 3.0% in the Talysh Mountains. Species exhibited pronounced stratification by elevation: Bearded Vultures nested exclusively above 2000 m, Griffon and Egyptian Vultures occupied mid-elevation zones (500–1800 m), and Black Vultures were restricted to lowland forests (<500 m). The primary drivers of decline were linked to anthropogenic factors, including a 28.5% reduction in livestock populations, which diminished carrion availability, and a 15.7% expansion of agricultural lands, which reduced foraging habitats. Direct threats such as nest destruction, poaching, and incidental capture for commercial use further exacerbated declines, particularly for Black Vultures in the Talysh Mountains, where only a single breeding cluster remains. Breakpoint analysis identified critical years of accelerated decline: 2018 for Griffon Vultures and 2015 for Black Vultures, coinciding with regional reductions in wild ungulate populations and increased human disturbance. Comparative analysis with global datasets revealed parallels to declines observed in Mediterranean and South Asian vulture populations, though Azerbaijan’s unique socioecological context, including post-Soviet land-use changes and its role as a migratory corridor, demands tailored conservation strategies. We propose urgent interventions, including supplemental feeding programs, habitat protection in the Lesser Caucasus, and mitigation of power line collisions, informed by successful case studies from Europe. These findings underscore Azerbaijan’s importance as a critical stronghold for vulture conservation in the Caucasus and highlight the need for transboundary cooperation to safeguard these keystone scavengers.

A new invasive species Proagopertha lucidula (Faldermann, 1835) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae) for Kazakhstan

Izbasar I. Temreshev — 2025-06-05

Shining leaf chafer Proagopertha lucidula (Faldermann, 1835) is firstly found in Kazakhstan. Records in South-East Kazakhstan (Almaty and Zhetysu oblast) are the westernmost for this species. This species causes damage in the fruit orchards of the Almaty and Zhetysu oblast.

Modern distribution and nesting ecology of White storks (Ciconia ciconia L.) in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan

Arzu F. Mammadov — 2025-06-11

The white stork (Ciconia ciconia) has increasingly adapted to nesting on artificial structures, yet the drivers of nest-site selection and reproductive success in human-dominated landscapes remain poorly understood. Here, we integrate spatial ecology and habitat modeling to assess nesting patterns of white storks in Azerbaijan, where populations rely heavily on utility poles. We surveyed 51 poles (87 nests) along a 35-km transect, recording nest distribution, chick productivity, and environmental variables. Our key findings reveal strong preference for metal poles (68% of nests; χ² = 9.3, p = 0.002), which sup- ported 13% higher chick survival than concrete poles (85% vs. 72%; HR = 2.1, p = 0.02), spatial clustering at 0.5–2 km scales (Ripley’s K, p < 0.01), with two high-density hotspots (>9 nests/km²) linked to floodplain and agricultural habitats, altitude-driven productivity: higher elevations (≥900 m) had fewer but more productive nests (PCA: PC1 = 58% variance). We also considered critical movement corridors between colonies, avoiding urban areas and steep slopes (least-cost path analysis). Habitat suitability models (AUC = 0.82) identified water proximity and altitude as key predictors of nesting. Our results demonstrate how human infrastructure shapes stork nesting ecology, with metal poles acting as critical refuges. We recommend prioritizing metal pole maintenance in high-suitability zones and protecting foraging corridors to sustain populations. This study provides a template for conserving synanthropic birds in rapidly developing regions.

Dining in the wild: Unraveling wild Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) feeding behaviour and dietary dynamics in Jaldapara National Park, West Bengal, India

Subrata Saha — 2025-06-16

Megaherbivores like the Wild Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) are keystone species, playing a pivotal role in ecosystem dynamics. However, their survival is increasingly threatened by habitat loss and resource constraints due to their extensive spatial and nutritional needs. This study investigates the dietary preferences and feeding behaviours of elephants inhabiting the riverine floodplains of North Bengal, particularly Jaldapara National Park. Using a combination of direct observations, feeding sign analysis along elephant routes, and microhistological faecal analysis, we identified 41 plant species in their diet. Dietary composition revealed a preference for tree species (34.16%), followed by grasses (21.95%), mosses (17.07%), herbs (17.07%), shrubs (4.87%), and climbers (4.87%). The prominence of trees highlights their importance as a critical food resource, while the high diversity of Poaceae emphasizes the significance of grasslands in elephant habitats. A diurnal feeding pattern was observed, with heightened activity during the latter times of the day. These findings underscore the importance of conserving heterogeneous landscapes comprising forests and grasslands to support the dietary requirements of elephants. Additionally, the study provides insights into the ecological adaptations of Asian elephants and highlights the necessity of effective habitat management to ensure the availability of critical food resources throughout the year. The results offer valuable guidance for mitigating human-elephant conflicts and advancing conservation strategies for this ecologically vital yet endangered species

A new species of Dasydorylas Skevington, 2001 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from the Colombian Andes, and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species

Yardany Ramos-Pastrana — 2025-07-29

Dasydorylas Skevington, 2001 has a cosmopolitan distribution. A new species of Dasydorylas is described from Colombian Andes, namely Dasydorylas spinifera sp. n. (type locality: Páramo Santa Inés, Antioquia). Illustrations of the new species, dichotomous key to males of all Neotropical species and distribution map of the Colombian species is presented.

New data on the morphology of pollen of Pulsatilla Mill. (Ranunculaceae)

Vladimir F. Zaykov — 2025-07-31

The genus Pulsatilla Mill. represents a taxonomically complex group, with its systematic classification having undergone numerous revisions. Pollen grain morphology plays a crucial role in the intrageneric taxonomy of Pulsatilla; however, it remains unexamined for several species within the genus. This study presents the results of a comprehensive palynological analysis of 18 Pulsatilla species, including nine species investigated for the first time. The majority of species exhibited a 3-colpate aperture, including P. astragalifolia, P. bungeana, P. ajanensis, P. cernua, P. ambigua, P. taurica, P. kryloviana, P. herba-somnii, P. turczaninovii, P. multifida, and P. archarensis. A pantocolpate aperture was characteristic of P. herbertii and P. neobungeana, while P. campanella, P. andina, and P. neobungeana displayed a pantoporate aperture. The exine sculpture of all examined pasqueflowers was consistently microspinate, with predominantly smooth surfaces, except for occasional tuberculate textures. Pollen grain shapes varied from elongated ellipsoidal to spheroidal forms.

First teratological case of Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Smith, 1855) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Pseudomyrmecinae)

Yennifer Andrea Carreño-Guevara — 2025-08-05

A case of abnormalities in segmentation (symphysomery) on the metasoma in a worker ant of the species Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Smith, 1855) is described for the first time from Colombia. In the abnormal metasoma, the petiole and postpetiole are fused, and the number of segments of the opisthogaster is reduced. For taxonomic studies, these kinds of abnormalities can generate confusion when identifying individuals at the genus and species levels. For an individual, an anatomical abnormality might affect its biology and interaction with other individuals inside its social insect colony.

First registration and description of the breeding biology of the Great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan

Sanjarbek S. Umarov — 2025-08-05

This study provides information on the discovery and preliminary ecological assessment of a new nest colony of the Great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Uzbek part of the Fergana Valley. Field studies conducted during the 2024 breeding season revealed the presence of nest colonies on two islands along the Syr Darya River. However, due to the existence of a border regime, the main work was carried out on the same island. In the study area, nests were found on 54 trees. Nests are mainly located in the poplar tree (Populus pruinosa Schrenk). Conducting monitoring using direct observations and camera traps, we recorded the nest occupancy, morphometric indicators of eggs, and the growth dynamics of chicks. The results show that the morphometric characteristics of great cormorant eggs can vary significantly depending on regional and ecological conditions. The chicks’ weight increased rapidly from the moment they hatched until they flew away, although some deaths were also observed. Spatial analysis showed the expansion of colonies and the accumulation of nests, which indicates the successful settlement of the species in the region. These results provide important initial data on the ecology of the reproduction of the Great cormorant in Central Asia, emphasize the species' adaptability to local habitats, and indicate the need for continuous observations to develop conservation measures.

Differential expression of the multiplicated silicon transporter genes at different stages of morphogenesis of daughter frustule of the freshwater diatom Ulnaria acus

Artem M. Marchenkov — 2025-08-07

Diatoms are known for their unique ability to form species-specific silicon exoskeletons (shells) richly decorated with various ornaments, outgrowths, and holes. The absorption of silicic acid from the environment by cells is a critical step in this process. It is known that silicic acid is transported into diatom cells by silicic acid transport proteins (SIT). However, the mechanism and regulation of the work of proteins of this family currently remain insufficiently studied. In the present study, we attempted to determine the stages of daughter valve morphogenesis in the pennate freshwater diatom Ulnaria acus and to assess the expression level of sit-m genes encoding multiplexed silicon transporters. The experiment showed that simultaneously with the formation of the main axial element of the daughter valves (sternum) and first-order branching (virga), the level of sit-tri gene expression increases. While, during the formation of second-order branching (vimin) and areoles, an increase in the level of sit-td gene expression was noted, with a simultaneous decrease in sit-tri. Based on the data obtained, it can be assumed that after duplication of sit genes in the diatom genome, with the formation of multiplexed structures, their subfunctionalization occurs at different stages of daughter valve morphogenesis.

The Emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) invaded Belarus

Vyacheslav B. Zviagintsev — 2025-08-07

The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is a harmful East Asian insect pest damaging ash trees Fraxinus spp. Over the past three decades, it has invaded European part of Russia and Ukraine, causing widespread mortality of ash trees in both urban and natural ecosystems. Here, we report first occurrence of this devastating pest in Belarus, specifically in the city of Gomel. During reconnaissance survey performed in the late June 2025, a total of 46 ash trees, including 39 Fraxinus pennsylvanica and 7 F. excelsior trees, displayed characteristic symptoms of infestation: canopy dieback, epicormic sprouting, and distinct D-shaped exit holes in the bark. A single larva of the IV instar was found within a typical gallery beneath the bark, and 13 adult beetles mating and feeding on the foliage of both ash species were recorded. Given the proximity of infested regions in neighboring countries – specifically Bryansk (243 km away from Gomel) and Smolensk (270 km) in Russia, as well as Kiev (220 km) in Ukraine – it is suspected that the buprestid was accidentally introduced from some of these localities rather than expanding its range by itself. Urgent research is required to delineate the extent of its spread within Belarus. Moreover, decisive actions must be taken promptly to suppress current infestation foci and prevent further distribution of this highly aggressive alien pest.

The native parasitoids exploiting the invasive leafminer Coptodisca lucifluella (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) in Southern Russia and Abkhazia

Oksana V. Kosheleva — 2025-08-09

The leafmining moth Coptodisca lucifluella (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) is the North American species, which recently invaded Europe. Here, we provide first data on the parasitoid assemblage associated with this leafminer in Southern Russia and Abkhazia. In 2024, altogether 28 parasitoid specimens were reared from the late-instar larvae and pupae of C. lucifluella and identified to seven parasitic wasp species. Among them, six species were from Eulophidae: Pnigalio soemius (Walker), Cirrospilus variegatus (Masi), C. viticola (Rondani), Chrysocharis pentheus (Walker), Closterocerus sp. (presumably new species to science), Minotetrastichus frontalis (Nees) and one from Eupelmidae: presumably Eupelmus kiefferi De Stefani. All these parasitoids are native to the studied area and have been documented on C. lucifluella for the first time. In Russia and Abkhazia, the parasitism rates reached 13% and 31%, respectively. Four species contributed the most to the leafminer mortality: M. frontalis (11 out of 13%) in Sochi (Russia), C. pentheus (12 out of 31%), C. viticola (8%), and C. variegatus (8%) in Gagra (Abkhazia). For the recorded parasitoids, the distribution and hosts are mentioned, and the original photographs of parasitoid adults are provided. Additionally, an exhaustive checklist of parasitoids associated with C. lucifluella in its modern range was compiled, accounting 32 species. Altogether, our findings suggest that during the invasion, C. lucifluella escaped from its aborigine enemies but became a target for the parasitoids naturally present in Southern Russia and Abkhazia.

Carbon stock in grass cover of forests with different severity of stem pest-related stand weakening in the southern taiga zone of Western Siberia

Nina V. Klimova — 2025-08-11

The paper addresses the study of dark coniferous forests of the southern taiga, which were analyzed with regard to severity of stand weakening caused by stem pests, up to stand death. To assess the carbon stock of grass cover, the mass fraction of carbon in grass species and the aboveground mass of grass were measured. The carbon stock of grass cover was shown to vary during the change in its main microgroups caused by stand weakening. The carbon content in grass species abundant in different grass microgroups exhibits a narrow range of variation of 33.4–44.7 %, with an average of 41.1±0.9 %. The amount of carbon stored in the grass cover of dark coniferous forests in uplands ranges from 16.2 to 32.9 gC/m2. It was revealed that in weakened stands, the grass cover stores 2–5 fold more carbon due to an increase in grass biomass. Considering that most of the grass carbon released to the atmosphere within a year, the efficiency of carbon sink in forest areas with dead stands becomes lower, despite an increase in grass mass, compared to forest areas where the stands are not damaged by stem pests.

The records of Dolichovespula pacifica (Birula, 1930) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) and the northern limits of its range in European North of Russia

Grigory S. Potapov — 2025-08-15

In this study, we present new records of Dolichovespula pacifica (Birula, 1930) in Northern European Russia. The range of D. pacifica in the studied region extends up to transitional zone between taiga and low-shrub tundra. The northernmost records of this species in Northern European Russia are located in the northern part of Murmansk Region and the south of Nenets Autonomous District. Among the island territories of Northern European Russia, D. pacifica has been recorded only in the Solovetsky Archipelago.

Development of biota within the Seliverstov Glacier deglaciation zone after the Little Ice Age maximum (Mongun-Taiga mountain range, Southeastern Altai)

Dmitry A. Ganyushkin — 2025-08-18

Recognized as part of the so-called Third Pole, the highlands of the Tuvan Altai represent the most arid part of the Russian Altai with a sharply continental climate, despite these features being a large glaciation node. Deglaciation caused by global climate change creates conditions for the initiation of postglacial vegetation successions. However, if the newest dynamics of glaciers of the high mountain massif of Mongun-Taiga, located at the junction of the mountain structures of the south-east of the Russian Altai and the mountain systems of the Sayan and Mongolian Altai, is well studied from a glaciological point of view, the issues of postglacial successions of biota in this region remain practically unstudied. This article is an attempt to give the first characteristics of the biota in the deglaciation zones of the Seliverstov Glacier in relation to deglaciation zones of different ages and typologies.

A new record of the genus Calymma Hübner, 1823 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) from Uzbekistan

Malikjon R. Shermatov — 2025-09-18

This study was conducted in the Fergana Valley, located in eastern Uzbekistan, during the 2023–2024 period. The genus Calymma Hübner, 1823 and the species Calymma communimacula (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) are reported for the first time from Uzbekistan. Several adult specimens were collected using light traps from Chimgan, the Kuvasay foothills, and the city of Fergana in the Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan. The species was identified based on external morphology. We provide a detailed description of the collected specimens and document diagnostic characters with photographs of the male and female genitalia. The discovery of C. communimacula in Uzbekistan represents the second known location of the species in Central Asia and confirms its presence in the region. This finding contributes new data to the Lepidoptera fauna of Central Asia and highlights the importance of continued entomological surveys in the region.

Influence of tributaries on the species richness of silica-scaled chrysophytes in the Angara River (Russia, Eastern Siberia)

Anna Y. Bessudova — 2025-09-19

The escalating impact of climate change requires comprehensive monitoring of aquatic microeukaryotic communities. Specifically, it is essential to study their successional dynamics under natural thermal fluctuations and identify organisms particularly sensitive to these changes. During the hydrological spring (early June), the watercourses of the Angara region differ in the intensity of water warming and can serve as promising model systems for studying such variations. Chrysophytes, which form siliceous scaled shells, serve as indicators of water temperature changes. In this study, we analyzed the influence of the main tributaries in the upper reaches of the Angara River–Irkut, Kuda, Kitoy, Belaya, and Ida–on the species richness of silica-scaled chrysophytes in the river channel, which is mainly affected by the cold, oligotrophic waters of Lake Baikal. During research performed in June 2024, a total of 57 silica-scaled chrysophytes species were identified in the study area using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Among these, 11 species are potentially new to science, while one rare species Paraphysomonas capreolata and the form Synura petersenii f. columnata were recorded for the first time in Russian water bodies. The analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between the species diversity of silica-scaled chrysophytes and both water temperature and silicon concentration, alongside a negative correlation with pH levels. Statistical analysis of silica-scaled chrysophytes occurrence revealed two main profile groups: those from the main channel of the Angara River and those from its tributaries. Thus, it was determined that tributaries considerably increase the species richness of silica-scaled chrysophytes communities in the large river system, thereby increasing the overall stability of the aquatic ecosystem. This research is important for understanding the underlying mechanisms of the formation of biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems.

Fauna of Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) of the Republic of Mordovia

Leonid V. Egorov — 2025-09-21

The known fauna of the Republic of Mordovia comprises 506 species of Curculionoidea from six families: Anthribidae (8), Attelabidae (15), Brentidae (81), Cimberididae (1), Curculionidae (400), and Nemonychidae (1). The checklist includes 36 species newly recorded for the region. For each species, the number of plots and specimens is provided. The article also discusses the zoogeographical structure of the regional Curculionoidea fauna, demonstrating its complex nature. Against the background of the predominance of widespread species with Trans-Palaearctic and Western-Central Palaearctic ranges, a significant portion of the fauna is represented by the Western Palaearctic complex (96 species, 19%), along with smaller assemblages of species characterized by predominantly Central Palaearctic (14 species) and Central-Eastern Palaearctic distributions (16 species), as well as eight amphipalaearctic forms. In terms of zonal affiliation, nearly half of the fauna consists of polyzonal species. The Subboreal and Southern Boreal-Subboreal complexes are also strongly represented (together comprising 44%), with a smaller group of boreal forms (35 species; 7%).

Helminth fauna of the Asian badger (Meles leucurus Hodgson, 1847) in the Southern Aral Sea region

Abat S. Berdibaev — 2025-09-24

Between 2017 and 2025, helminthological investigations were conducted on 32 wild badgers (Meles leucurus) across four natural geographic regions of Karakalpakstan. As a result, helminth infections were detected in 17 individuals, accounting for 53.1%. In total, 20 species of helminths were identified in the examined badgers, belonging to three phylum, four classes, nine orders, sixteen families, and eighteen genera. These included four species of cestodes, one species of trematode, three species of acanthocephalans, and twelve species of nematodes. Among the 20 helminth species, fifteen species were classified as helminths with indirect lifestyle and five species as helminths with direct lifestyle. The highest prevalence of infection was recorded for Toxocara canis (34.3%), followed by Toxocara mystax (25.0%). In terms of the intensity range, T. canis showed the highest range, with two to 77 specimens per host, while T. mystax ranged from three to 35 specimens. The intensity range of other helminth species varied between one and 33 specimens.

Lepidoptera fauna of Kunashir Island (Russia): Update 2025

Vitaly M. Spitsyn — 2025-10-09

In the present study, the twenty-eight Lepidoptera species are recorded from Kunashir Island for the first time (one of them, Chibidokuga hypenodes Inoue, 1979, is also new record to the fauna of Russia). Additionally, the occurrences of Eurydoxa advena Filipjev, 1930, Stigmatophora leacrita (Swinhoe, 1894) and Zanclognatha obliqua Staudinger, 1892 on the Kuril Islands are confirmed.

Methods of microplastic separation from soil and soil arthropods: a systematic review

Brer Al-Kinani — 2025-10-14

Microplastics – small plastic particles ≤ 5 mm – have quietly invaded soils, threatening the delicate balance of ecosystems and soil organisms. This review dives into the toolbox scientists use to detect and extract these hidden pollutants from soil and soil-dwelling organisms. We explore methods such as floating plastics in salty solutions, breaking down organic matter with hydrogen peroxide or enzymes, and using high-tech imaging like infrared spectroscopy. While some techniques, like sodium iodide separation, recover over 95% of microplastics, their high cost and complexity remain hurdles. Gentler approaches, such as enzyme-based digestion, protect fragile organisms but take longer. Despite advances, the field struggles with inconsistent methods and the near-invisible challenge of nanoplastics. Innovations like atomic force microscopy hint at future breakthroughs, but unifying global standards and blending old and new techniques will be key to turning the tide. This work calls for teamwork across disciplines to sharpen our tools, safeguard soils, and stem the silent spread of microplastic pollution.

Distribution patterns of the common predatory bush-cricket Saga pedo (Pallas, 1771) (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) in the Asian part of its range: Real rarity or mysterious commonness

Ekaterina S. Shibkova — 2025-10-18

The distribution patterns of the common predatory bush-cricket Saga pedo (Pallas, 1771) across the Asian part of its geographic range are revealed. It is the most widespread member of the genus and is the only species crossing the 55th parallel in the north direction. Preferable habitats of S. pedo are more or less uniform across its range, it favors variable steppe or steppe-like habitats covering by relatively dense grass vegetation with presence of forbs and especially shrubs. In the western parts of its range, the species is commonly distributed across regions with the subtropical Mediterranean and the temperate southern broadleaf forests, and its populations are mainly associated with local open landscapes. In the central and eastern parts, its distribution is different, because it is usually found over the forest-steppe, steppe and semi-desert life zones and also in the mountains of Middle Asia. The MaxEnt models produced for the contemporary period and for 2021-2040 and 2041-2060 according the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 3-7.0 and the global climate model CNRM-ESM2-1 provide an opportunity to estimate the suitability of conditions for the species and demonstrate that, in the future, the general character of its distribution may change very significantly, especially in the southern half of the West Siberian Plain. The conservation status of S. pedo is discussed for the Asian part of its range as well.

New and interesting records of early spring and late autumn Heterocera species (Insecta, Lepidoptera) in Altai Republic (Russia, South Siberia)

Svyatoslav A. Knyazev — 2025-10-19

Twenty two species from the families of Chimabachidae, Ethmiidae, Crambidae, Geometridae, Lasiocampidae, Lemoniidae, Sphingidae, Erebidae and Noctuidae are reported from Altai Republic of Russia. Seven species are new to the Russian Altai among them Dasystoma salicella (Hübner, 1796), Ethmia aurifluella (Hübner, 1810), Ethmia discrepitella (Rebel, 1901), Agriphila deliella (Hübner, 1813), Rheumaptera neocervinalis (Inoue, 1982), Lemonia dumi (Linnaeus, 1761), Hyles churkini (Saldaitis et Ivinskis, 2006). New data on 15 rare and local species provided.

Recent observation of seasonal variability of plankton in Maloe More Strait (Lake Baikal)

Nina A. Bondarenko — 2025-10-23

In this paper, we describe the structure and quantitative characteristics of phyto- and zooplankton from Maloe More Strait of Lake Baikal studied in June-October, 2024. Maloe More is a popular rec- reational zone facing higher anthropogenic stress. In summer, phytoplankton in the littoral area of the strait showed continuous biomass maximum, starting from July until late August during cyanobacterial blooms. Two smaller maxima were observed in the strait pelagic zone, the first by the end of spring vegetation of phytoplankton, and second during excessive cyanobacterial growth in August. Elevated water temperatures resulted in prolonged cyanobacterial vegetation with a change of dominants. Restructuring of food resources and temperature fluctuations entailed transformations in the zooplankton structure. In June, the pelagic plankton was dominated by Epischura, a Baikal endemic. As the water temperature rose, the dominant position was occupied by Cyclops kolensis, the population of which was represented by mature specimens and nauplii. In summer, Cladocera reached its abundance peak in the nearshore. The highest number of rotifers was documented during maximal rise of nanoplanktonic flagellate concentrations in autumn.

Phytocenotic characteristics of the vegetation cover of avalanche paths in Central Altai

Petr A. Kosachev — 2025-10-24

The article presents the characteristics of plant cenoses in the studied avalanche paths of Central Altai (Aigulaksky, Kuraisky, Listvyaga, North Chuisky Ridges). They were analyzed using the Juss 7.0 software package and divided into 2 main groups: forest and shrub-herbaceous. The forest group includes 8 cenoses with 130 plant species; shrub-herbaceous one includes 16 communities with 205 species. Forest cenoses divided into 2 groups, and shrub-herbaceous – into 3 groups, classified on the basis of diagnostic species, characteristics of tree, shrub and herb layers, as well as the coenoflora core. All the groups of communities, both forest and shrub-herbaceous, according to the geobotanical zoning of G.N. Ogureeva (1980), correspond to two geobotanical districts and regions of Central Altai highland- taiga-forest-steppe province: 1) Kholzunsko-Korgonsky highland-taiga district and Verkhnekatunsky highland-taiga-forest-steppe region (Listvyaga Ridge); 2) Chuisko-Argutsky nival-highland-taiga-forest-steppe district and Chuisko-Argutsky taiga-forest-steppe region (Aigulaksky, Kuraisky, North Chuisky Ridges). Considering the shrub-herbaceous vegetation of the studied avalanche paths of Central Altai, it is possible to assume their annual avalanche activity. In some avalanche paths, the type of avalanche, the time of a catastrophic avalanche, and the approximate last year of a powerful avalanche were estimated.

A new Cteipolia Staudinger, 1896 species from Russian Altai (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

Svyatoslav A. Knyazev — 2025-10-25

A new species, Cteipolia altaica Knyazev et Ivonin, sp.n. from Altai Republic (Russia, Siberia), is described. New species is morphologically similar to C. murina (Ménétriés, 1848), C. isotima Püngeler, 1914 and C. amissa Gordeeva, Gordeev, G. Ronkay, L. Ronkay, 2023, but it differs in some external features, as well as in the structure of the genitals. The article presents an images of type specimens, the genital preparations of both sexes, diagnosis and the distributional map of Cteipolia species in Russia and Kazakhstan.

Spatial patterns of breeding colonies of Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and Palas’s Gull (Larus ichthyaetus) on Kitay Island in the Central Sivash lagoon system

Alex V. Matsyura — 2025-10-26

This study analyzes the spatial distribution patterns of breeding colonies of Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) and Palas’s Gull (Larus ichthyaetus) on Kitay Island in the Central Sivash lagoon system. Using spatial point pattern analyses, we quantified clustering and dispersion at multiple spatial scales. Our results reveal a marked contrast in nesting strategies: Great Cormorant nests exhibited strong, statistically significant clustering (mean Nearest Neighbor Distance, NND = 0.23 m; Moran's I = 0.34, p = 0.02) and significant positive spatial autocorrelation, consistent with colonial breeding. In contrast, Palas’s Gull nests were significantly more dispersed (mean NND = 0.67 m) and showed no significant spatial autocorrelation, reflecting territorial nesting behavior. Cross-species analysis indicated moderate spatial segregation, evidenced by a negative correlation of nest densities (r = -0.56) and Ripley's cross K-function, suggesting niche partitioning that facilitates coexistence. These findings quantitatively highlight distinct nesting ecologies and emphasize the critical importance of integrating spatial ecology into conservation planning for colonial waterbirds in saline lagoon islands. The study provides new quantitative baselines crucial for effective monitoring and habitat management in the Azov-Black Sea region.

Effect of environmental temperature on fecundity of Rutilus rutilus (L.) (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) in different types of water bodies in southern Western Siberia

Elena A. Interesova — 2025-10-31

The data on individual absolute and relative fecundity, and gonadosomatic index of roach Rutilus rutilus (L.) from different types of water bodies in southern Western Siberia: Lake Chany, the Novosibirsk Reservoir, and the Middle Ob are presented. The reproductive capacity of R. rutilus is vary widely and increase with age and size of female species. The roach from Lake Chany exhibit higher reproductive capacity compared to the Novosibirsk Reservoir and the Middle Ob. Furthermore, same-age roach specimens from Lake Chany and the Middle Ob have significant interannual differences in the reproductive indicators. The individual absolute fecundity of roach is statistically significantly related to water temperature at onset of oocytes trophoplasmic growth in the previous year, which occurs in mid-June in Lake Chany and mid-July in the Middle Ob.

Description of the female of Dasypolia maria Volynkin 2012 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with the notes on the distribution of the genus in the Altai Republic (Russia, South Siberia)

Svyatoslav A. Knyazev — 2025-11-01

The unknown female of Dasypolia maria Volynkin 2012 is described and diagnosed. Adults of male and female are illustrated as well as genitals of both sexes. Distribution map of D. maria is given. Additional data on the distribution of other species of the genus Dasypolia Guenée, 1852 in Russian Altai is provided.

Confirming the presence of the invasive moth Ypsolopha chazariella (Lepidoptera: Ypsolophidae) in Siberia: insights into the species biology and molecular genetics

Natalia I. Kirichenko — 2025-11-07

Ypsolopha chazariella (Mann, 1866) (Lepidoptera: Ypsolophidae) is a European moth species known to feed on Tatar maple (Acer tataricum L.), a tree species naturally present in Europe. In 2009–2023, characteristic damage provisionally attributed to Y. chazariella was documented in botanical gardens in Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk (Russia, Siberia), suggesting the occurrence of a new pest. In 2024, significant damage was observed in an arboretum in Krasnoyarsk (Eastern Siberia) on the introduced A. tataricum and East Asian Acer ginnala Maxim. Two adult specimens of Y. chazariella were reared from larvae collected on both maple hosts and identified using genital morphology. Seven DNA barcodes (mitochondrial COI gene fragments) obtained for the specimens from Krasnoyarsk (6 specimens) and Novosibirsk (1) analyzed together with available DNA barcodes from Belarus and Finland showed low intraspecific divergence (0.7%). Among six haplotypes detected, two of them were formed solely by the Siberian specimens connected with the haplotypes recorded in Europe through two mutation steps. Genetic distance analyses revealed clear differentiation from closely related species (Y. dorsimaculella, Y. arizonella, and Y. rubrella) in the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD), with pairwise minimal distances between Y. chazariella and above-mentioned species ranging from 10.6% to 12.9%. A brief species essay was compiled, providing a note on the species biology, molecular genetics, present species range, and impact in ornamental plantings. Photographic documentation includes characteristic feeding damage and images of adult moths, along with detailed illustrations of male and female genitalia.

Floristic composition and ecological-biological characteristics of avalanche path vegetation of Central Altai

Petr A. Kosachev — 2025-11-10

The article analyzes the floristic composition, ecological groups in relation to soil moisture and substrate, and life forms in the phytocenoses of avalanche paths in Central Altai. It was found that the species composition of the plant communities of the avalanche paths of Central Altai differs significantly. The floristic similarity of the communities, estimated by the index of biotal dispersion (IBD), is weak in all parts of avalanche paths and reaches the highest value (14.2 %) for undisturbed forest communities (Z), and the lowest (9.3%) – in sites X, the central parts of avalanche paths. Data on the higher biodiversity of the central parts of avalanche paths (X) compared to the surrounding forest communities have been confirmed. It was found that family Gentianaceae and genus Gentiana indicate the central parts of avalanche paths, where avalanches occur most frequently. Shrub species of genera Salix and Betula and Lonicera altaica are characteristic of the avalanche path vegetation, have a high abundance, indicate frequent avalanching and can be indicators of avalanche ecotopes. At the same time, species of genus Betula (B. humilis, B. rotundifolia) and Lonicera altaica have high projective cover at level of the B track, while Salix glauca has high projective cover at level of the C track. Using the EcoScaleWin program, geobotanical descriptions on the ecological scales of D.N. Tsyganov were processed to assess the ecological conditions of ecotopes in avalanche paths of Central Altai. In turn, we used the obtained values of ecological scales to identify the dependencies between factors and their influence on the ecotopes using the principal component analysis (PCA). According to the analysis, in the central areas in avalanche paths located on the northwestern slopes, vegetation is influenced to a greater extent by 4 factors: high soil moisture, their nitrogen richness, salt richness, and lower soil acidity. However, in sites X (the central trough) there are more ecotopes, the soils of which are rich in nitrogen and salts, in sites Y (intermediate sections) soil moisture plays an important role. Ecotopes with high shading are typical for forest communities (sites Z). The sites of the avalanche paths studied are located in the forest belt, which is emphasized by the predominance of mesophytes and a high percentage of short-rhizome and long-rhizome herbs in the avalanche paths of Central Altai. Besides, in the central areas of the paths in avalanching sites, there is a high proportion of plants living on waterlogged soils, including cold and moist soils (hygrophytes, hygropsychrophytes, mesohygrophytes, psychrophytes, and mesopsychrophytes), i.e. these ecological groups are indicators of avalanche paths and point out frequent avalanches. On the eastern and southeastern (less often northwestern but then on rocky substrates) slopes in sites X and Y, species of dry and rocky habitats appear in the avalanche paths – xerophytes and petrophytes, many of which are tap-rooted herbs. In the spectrum of life forms of the avalanche paths of Central Altai, in addition to the predominant short-rhizome, long-rhizome and tap-rooted herbs, there is a large proportion of shrubs and brush-rooted herbs in the central parts, indicating frequent avalanches. In open areas, shrubs are abundant in herbaceous-shrubby communities, they are dominant and edificators. In general, short-rhizome, tap-rooted, and brush-rooted herbs (as well as brush-rooted tuber-forming and bulbous), which dominate in shrub-herbaceous cenoses of the avalanche paths, are confined to habitats with poor soil aeration in the X and Y sites; in forest communities (site Z), long-rhizome and loose-bush (also creeping herbs) are characteristic of sufficiently moist and loose soils.

The first record of the greater noctule bat, Nyctalus lasiopterus (Schreber, 1780) (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), in the Republic of Mordovia (European Russia)

Nadezhda Yu. Kirillova — 2025-11-15

As part of a systematic five-year (2021–2025) mist-netting survey of bats in the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, we documented the first confirmed presence of the greater noctule bat, Nyctalus lasiopterus, in the Republic of Mordovia. This species is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. From a total of 2560 captured bats representing 11 species, ten individuals of N. lasiopterus were recorded at two distinct locations in July 2025. The capture of both young-of-the-year and an adult post-lactating female suggests the potential presence of a maternity colony in the region. This finding significantly updates the regional chiropterofauna, confirms the northeastern expansion of this rare species’ range, and underscores the critical importance of the reserve’s broadleaf forests for its conservation. We recommend the inclusion of N. lasiopterus in the official faunal list of Mordovia.

To the Lepidoptera fauna of Evenk District (Russia, East Siberia)

Svyatoslav A. Knyazev — 2025-11-15

The article contains a list of 47 species of Lepidoptera from the Thyrididae, Crambidae, Tortricidae, Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae (including Satyrinae), Geometridae, Erebidae families from the territory of Evenkia. 18 species are new to the North Yenisei Region in Catalog of Lepidoptera of Russia, among them Thyris fenestrella (Scopoli, 1763), Chrysoteuchia culmella (Linnaeus, 1758), Crambus lathoniellus (Zincken, 1817), Epiblema simploniana (Duponchel, 1835), Grapholita compositella (Fabricius, 1775), Euphydryas intermedia (Ménétriés, 1859), Mellicta britomartis Assmann, 1847, Lomaspilis marginata (Linnaeus, 1758), Chiasmia clathrata (Linnaeus, 1758), Jodis putata (Linnaeus, 1758), Xanthorhoe deflorata (Erschoff, 1877), Xanthorhoe designata (Hufnagel, 1767), Mesoleuca albicillata (Linnaeus, 1758), Idaea pallidata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), Scopula immorata (Linnaeus, 1758), Polypogon tentacularia (Linnaeus, 1758), Phytometra viridata (Clerck, 1759), Callistege mi (Clerck, 1759).

First record of Denticollis borealis (Paykull, 1800) (Coleoptera, Elateridae) from Kazakhstan

Izbasar I. Temreshev — 2025-11-16

Denticollis borealis (Paykull, 1800) (Coleoptera: Elateridae) is recorded for the first time in Kazakhstan. Species was found in bracket fungus and under bark, in galleries of larvae of Upis ceramboides (Linnaeus, 1758) and Sinodendron cylindricum (Linnaeus, 1758). It is possible that the larvae of D. borealis are predators of the species of beetles in whose galleries it was found. A key to the known species of the genus Denticollis from Kazakhstan is also given.

Taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of the desert monitor Varanus griseus caspius (Squamata: Varanidae) from the territory of Uzbekistan

Abdurakhim E. Kuchboev — 2025-11-20

This study investigates the phylogenetic position and genetic diversity of Varanus griseus caspius, a widely distributed yet understudied subspecies of monitor lizard in Central Asia, with a focus on samples collected from Uzbekistan. Using DNA barcoding based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted via Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) approaches. In addition, genetic distance and Disparity Index analyses were employed to assess evolutionary relationships among Varanus species. The V. g. caspius specimens formed a highly supported clade with V. griseus sequences in GenBank, indicating a close genetic affinity and confirming its subspecies status. Genetic distance values and substitution pattern similarities further revealed minimal divergence between V. g. caspius and other V. griseus lineages, suggesting recent common ancestry and ongoing gene flow. In contrast, significantly greater divergence was observed between V. g. caspius and other Varanus species. These findings clarify the phylogenetic placement of V. g. caspius within the V. griseus complex and provide essential baseline data for future taxonomic and conservation efforts.

Adsorption of different types of microplastic particles by macrophytes of Lake Baikal

Artem T. Guliguev — 2025-11-20

Submerged macrophytes are capable of adsorbing microplastic particles on their surface. This can affect the vital activity of plants and associated aquatic communities. At present, no studies have been conducted on the distribution and concentration of microplastics on the macrophytes of Lake Baikal. In this study, the possibility of adsorption of different types of microplastic particles by representatives of different groups of macrophytes from Lake Baikal was investigated under experimental conditions. The study showed that all three studied macrophyte species (Myriophyllum spicatum, Draparnaldioides baicalensis and Stuckenia sp.) are able to adsorb microplastic particles on their surface. From 2.9 to 50.7% of fibers and from 42.8 to 95.1% of fragments from the prepared sample were adsorbed on macrophytes. Part of the adsorbed plastic (not exceeding 10% of the total amount) remains on the sample even after interaction with the hypersaline solution. At the same time, for D. baicalensis, a higher percentage of plastic particles remaining on the sample is noted, which is associated with the presence of a mucous sheath on the surface of the plant. The methodology used in this study can be effectively applied to assess the possibility of microplastic particle adsorption by macrophytes both in laboratory studies and for studies of the level of contamination of macrophytes with microplastic particles in natural conditions.

Ecological and biological features of Polygala sibirica from the southern part of Western Siberia

Alexey S. Prokopyev — 2025-11-26

The paper reports data on the distribution and status of coenopopulations of the rare and valuable medicinal plant P. sibirica from the southern part of Western Siberia. The study investigated the phytocoenotic confinement, demographic characteristics of coenopopulations, seasonal patterns of growth, morphology, and reproductive biology. In mountainous areas, the species permanently inhabits rocky mountain steppes. In the plain of Western Siberia, its localities are fragmentary. P. sibirica coenopopulations are characterized by low density, ranging from 1.83 to 4.57 ind./m². The ontogenetic structure of coenopopulations shows a predominance of generative individuals (53.6–76.9%). The ontogenetic spectrum of coenopopulations is characterized as incomplete, unimodal (CP 1–3, CP 5, CP 7–9) or bimodal (CP 4 and CP 6), with a predominance of generative individuals and a low proportion of old age groups. The analysis of the morphological characteristics of P. sibirica indicates that the largest plants with long, branched shoots and large leaves and inflorescences are found at the range boundary. Coenopopulations differ significantly in LMA, leaf chlorophyll content and nitrogen status values. It is shown that vegetation indices CCI, CRI1, VREI1 and ZMI can be used to assess the physiological status of plants under different ecological and coenotic conditions. P. sibirica reproduces exclusively by seed. Most flowers develop into mature fruits (FFR = 77.1–93.5%). Real seed productivity varies considerably, ranging from 10.8 to 77.8 seeds per shoot. Most of the studied coenopopulations exhibit the above-average level of reproductive potential (Cp = 65.2–77.9%). Under anthropogenic pressure, P. sibirica coenopopulations retain self-sustaining ability and can survive for extended periods within the range.

Current state of spring phytoplankton of the Bratsk and Ust-Ilimsk reservoirs of the Angara Cascade

Alena D. Firsova — 2025-11-27

Continental reservoirs are sources of fresh water, but they are currently experiencing increasing anthropogenic stress. Reservoirs are among the most important water bodies for the needs of the populaion, and they require regular monitoring. However, some of these reservoirs have not been monitored for decades. The aim of this study was to assess the species richness, structure and density of spring phytoplankton of the Bratsk and Ust-Ilimsk reservoirs in the modern period. As a result of studies of these reservoirs, 62 taxa of planktonic algae were identified in phytoplankton in the spring season of 2024, of which diatoms and chrysophytes predominated in species richness. The dominant complex included the diatoms Aulacoseira islandica, Nitzschia graciliformis, Asterionella formosa, Fragilaria radians, and Stephanodiscus minutulus, the proportion of which in the total abundance and biomass varied between stations and reservoirs. The most significant predictors of phytoplankton community structure were nitrate and phosphate; conductivity, transparency and temperature were also important. Maximum values of total abundance and total biomass of phytoplankton were observed in the Bratsk Reservoir – 1119 thousand cells/L and 579 mg/m3, in the Ust-Ilimsk – 577 thousand cells/L and 274 mg/m3 respectively. These values do not exceed the indicators of previous years of observaions. The values of phytoplankton biomass characterize the studied areas of the Bratsk and Ust-Ilimsk reservoirs in June 2024 as oligotrophic.

The tribe Lychnideae A. Br., 1843 (Caryophyllaceae Juss., 1789) in the flora of Southern Siberia: opportunities and prospects for utilization

Aleksandr S. Revushkin — 2025-12-04

This study investigates the biodiversity and biochemical potential of the tribe Lychnideae (Caryophyllaceae) within the unique and extreme environments of Southern Siberia. The research is motivated by the premise that the region's specific climatic stressors drive the synthesis of unique secondary metabolites, such as ecdysteroids and phenolic compounds, with prospective pharmacological applications. Through integrated field studies (2017–2023), herbarium specimen analysis, and a systematic literature review, we evaluated the species composition, distribution, and phytochemical profiles of the local Lychnideae flora. Applying a standardized resource assessment algorithm, we categorized the 44 documented species. Results indicate that 19 species (43.2%) possess significant bioprospecting potential, meriting further investigation for sustainable use via wild harvest or controlled cultivation. Concurrently, five species (11.4%) were identified as threatened, underscoring an urgent need for dedicated conservation measures. This work highlights the critical dual mandate in phytochemical research: the sustainable utilization of promising plant resources for drug discovery and the imperative conservation of biodiversity to ensure the resilience and continuity of these natural pharmacopeias.

Ecological and geographical study of Lasius platythorax Seifert, 1991 in the Asian part of Russia

Larisa S. Levchenko — 2025-12-13

The present study aims to identify a potential shift in the distribution of Lasius platythorax Seifert, 1991, in the context of future climate change using ecological and geographic modeling methods. Climate models from the WorldClim database were used for the years 1970–2000, 2061–2080, and 2081–2100. Three out of four modeled scenarios predict a decrease in available L. platythorax habitat by 2100. One scenario predicts an increase in available habitat, where atmospheric temperature increases by a maximum of 4.4 degrees Celsius by 2100. This result is thought to be due to a decrease in limiting factors associated with increased air temperature. During the study, an updated map of known L. platythorax distribution was also created.

Population recovery and demographically constrained growth of Bezoar goat (Capra aegagrus) and Asian mouflon (Ovis gmelinii) in the Leopard Range of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan

Elmar Babaev — 2025-12-14

The population status of the bezoar goat (Capra aegagrus) and the Asian mouflon (Ovis gmelinii), the primary prey of the Persian leopard (Panthera pardus), was assessed within the leopard's range in the southeastern part of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. Surveys conducted from 2021 to 2022 using the transect method revealed a positive population trend for both ungulate species compared to previous censuses. Estimated densities of bezoar goats varied from 5.4 to 16.6 individuals/km² across different study sites, while mouflon densities ranged from 1.2 to 5.4 individuals/km². The total populations were estimated at approximately 2,000–2,200 bezoar goats and 800–1,000 mouflons across Nakhchivan. However, the sex-age structure of both species was characterized by a relatively low proportion of juveniles and yearlings, suggesting slow population growth. This demographic pattern is likely influenced by forage availability rather than poaching, which has been virtually eliminated since a complete hunting ban was instituted in 2001. The recovery of these prey populations is a critical factor for the conservation of the leopard in this region.

Towards the knowledge of the fauna of clearwing moths (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan

Oleg G. Gorbunov — 2025-12-14

A small collection of five clearwing moths (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) collected using artificial sex attractants in the vicinity of Ordubad, Nikhchivan Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan, is presented and illustrated. Four species, viz. Paranthrene tabaniformis (Rottemburg, 1775), Conopia amasina (Staudinger, 1856), Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen, 1789), and Chamaesphecia turbida Le Cerf, 1937, are recorded for the fauna of the region for the first time. Synanthedon armeniaca O. Gorbunov, 1991, is restored from synonyms of S. myopaeformis (Borkhausen, 1789). The important role of artificial sex attractants in studies of the faunal composition of Sesiidae is noted.

Diversity and ecological drivers of lichens on Kunashir Island (Kuril Islands, Russian Far East)

Anna S. Zueva — 2025-12-15

The purpose of this study is to examine the diversity of lichens in different communities of Kunashir Island and to identify factors influencing their distribution on the island. In total, we identified 172 species of lichens and related fungi. Ochrolechia lijiangensis and Pertusaria plittiana are new to Russia. Amandinea pelidna, Bacidina brandii, and Lecanora caesiosora are new for the Russian Far East. Thirteen species are reported for the first time for the Sakhalin Region. Six species are new for the Kuril Islands and 37 are new for Kunashir Island. Most of the identified lichens are corticolous species. The richest in the number of lichen species are Abies sachalinensis, Betula ermanii, Quercus crispula, Picea ajanensis, Acer mayrii, Alnus hirsuta, and Salix udensis (25–40 species). It is shown that at the landscape level the only significant factor for the species composition of lichens is the community type, while at the substrate level, the coniferous or deciduous nature of the substrate and the acidity of the bark have an impact.