The use of ITS markers for identification of birch species from section Apterocaryon
УДК 582.632.1+575.113.1+575.2
Abstract
Betula nana, B. humilis are shrub birch forms of the section Apterocaryon (dwarf birches), widespread inthe Northern Hemisphere. The species are found on marsh, tundra and bald soils, often growing together on sphagnumbogs. There were suggestions about the hybridization of the diploid B. nana and B. humilis with the tetraploid downybirch B. pubescens from the section Betula (white birches). Attempts were made to study the presence and intensityof hybridization of these species using molecular genetic methods. The aim of the study is to investigate the geneticpolymorphism of B. nana and B. humilis in the Middle Urals based on ITS markers of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Thesemarkers are for the first time studied in shrub birch forms on the Russian Federation territory. It is shown that the ITS1–2 region is informative and makes it possible to differentiate closely related birch species B. humilis, B. nana growingin the Middle Urals. Species were characterized by individual ribotypes; B. nana samples had 5 ribotypes, and B. humilissamples had 2 ribotypes. Populations of B. nana showed greater variability in this region compared to B. humilis, whichmay indicate a higher adaptive potential of dwarf birch, as well as the absence of significant changes in the population sizeof this species during the last Quaternary glaciation.
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