Variability of morphological features in closely related species of the subgenus Nominium of the genus Viola

УДК 582.681.26(581.45+581.47+581.48)

Abstract

Morphological features of leaves, fruits and seeds of introduced plants (CSBG SB RAS, Novosibirsk) of vicar species of the genus Viola L. of the subgenus Nominium of the section Violidium (V. czemalensis Zuev, V. jooi Janka, V. macroceras Bunge, V. somchetica C. Koch.) were studied. Intrapopulation and interspecific variability of qualitative and quantitative characteristics in the leaf blade, stipules, fruit, and seed was revealed. The individual variability of leaf and fruit of V. czemalensis, V. jooi, V. macroceras is considered. A low to medium level of individual variability of the studied traits (leaf and fruit) has been established. The most variable feature was the length of the leaf blade up to 36%. The proportion of the fused part of the stipules with a petiole, the shape and color of the fruit are the least variable signs. V. czemalensis is characterized by the greatest intrapopulation variability of features. The least variability was revealed in V. macroceras. Stipules of V. czemalensis fuse with the petiole by 80-90 %, but they also occur up to 50 %. V. czemalensis is characterized by the fusion of stipules with a petiole up to 80-90 %. Significant differences in the shape and color of the fetus have been established. The fruit of V. jooi is green and most rounded, К macroceras fruits are green, less rounded with slight purple strokes, V. czemalensis fruits are ellipsoidal almost purple fruit. The seeds of all species are red-brown in color with large arylloids. For all species, the studied seed features have a low level of variability. The embryo is large, spatulate and occupies almost the entire length of the endosperm (75-96 %). According to morphological data, V. czemalensis and V. macroceras are independent taxa.