HORSE BEANS (VICIA FABA L.) AND THEIR ANTI-NUTRITIONAL SUBSTANCES

Abstract

Beans (Vicia faba L.) are an ancient crop, represented only by cultivated forms, capable of cultivation in winter and spring seasons. It is a plant for fodder and food use, containing 27-35% protein in seeds and 13.8-21.5% protein in green mass, which restrains its consumption by the presence of anti-nutritive substances (ANS). The content of AGEs in seeds and vegetative mass is one of the key quality attributes of a variety. Our work to find accurate, affordable and rapid methods to determine the concentration of these substances in bean seeds is of great relevance and importance. The allele zt-1 and zt-2, (zero-tannin) determines the low content of polyphenolic compounds - tannins (tannins), localized in the seed coat, determine the absence of black pigmentation on the perianth. Tannins are known for their properties to bind proteins, which reduces the digestibility of the latter. The vc allele is associated with light coloration of the seed coat and absence of coloration at the seed rumen, determines the presence of vicin and convicin glycosides in the seeds. Vicin and convicin, two major glycosides with high hydrocyanic acid content, can be toxic to individuals with genetic deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, leading to hemolytic anemia or fauvism. Biochemical validation of tannins was determined by permanganatometric method. The lowest content of tannins in white-flowered seeds was 0.00% - variety “#7101” (Belgium), the highest content in the variety “Istok” (Russia) with brown seed rind and dark scar - 1.26%. Biochemical validation of vicin and convicin was determined by phenolic reagent method. Beans are facultative self-pollinators with a high percentage of crossing - up to 30%. Thus, in the sample k-2575 variety “Express” (France) in seeds differing in size the content of tannins varies from 0.08 to 0.5%; in the variety “Blandine” (France) in seeds differing in size and presence of pigment spot on flowers and dark seed scar the content of vicin varies from 0.1 to 0.89%, convicin - 0.04-0.45. Like many biochemical traits this trait is also affected by the environment.