Analysis of morphological variability of three species from the genus Colchicum s. l. in European Russia
УДК 582.572.22+581.92+58.087
Abstract
The genus Colchicum s. l. has about 160 species, and sensu stricto about 80. First of all, it is due to the fact that the results of recent molecular genetic studies have given grounds for revising the size of the genus.
This paper presents the results of morphological variability analysis of quantitative and qualitative parameters in three species of Colchicum s. l. using non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS). At the same time, two species of Colchicum, traditionally attributed to this genus sensu stricto (C. laetum L., C. ancyrense B. L. Burtt,) and one species included in this genus in the sense of sensu lato, and previously understood as a representative of the independent genus Bulbocodium (C. bulbocodium subsp. versicolor (Ker Gawl.) K. Perss.) were taken into analysis. For the first time, the level of morphological variability of the three studied species was compared for 32 qualitative and quantitative morphological characters, including taxonomically significant ones. In ordination using the nMDS method, individuals of three studied species were well separated from each other. The division according to quantitative characteristics was more pronounced. Pairwise comparisons showed that C. ancyrense had minimal similarity to the other two species. The most polymorphic was C. bulbocodium subsp. versicolor. This is likely due to the wider range overlapping with C. laetum. Populations of C. ancyrense was better separated from each other than the species that previously belonged to independent genera -C. laetum and C. bulbocodium subsp. versicolor. It is assumed that biogeographical factors play a significant role in the spatial distribution of morphological variability of studied species. The results obtained serve as additional argument in favor of validity combining of Colchicum and Bulbocodium into one genus Colchicum s. l. The coefficient of determination of 32 morphological features revealed that the most quantitative indicators explaining the observed pattern of variability are: plant height, tube length, length of stamens filaments, number of leaves, length of perianth lobes, number of columns, leaf length; qualitative: column tip, stigma position, column thickness, marigold fusion.
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