Comparative carpology of Cyclospatheae and Ceroxyleae (Arecaceae - Ceroxyloideae)

УДК 582.545.2:581.47

Abstract

At present, the fruits of the representatives of Arecaceae remain insufficiently studied, therefore, studies of comparative carpology of palms are relevant. We investigated fruit morphology and anatomy of all 4 genus of tribes Cyclospatheae and Ceroxyleae of subfamily Ceroxylonideae (Arecaceae). The fruits of studied species (Pseudophoenix sargentii, Ceroxylon alpinum, C. vogelianum, C. utile, Juania australis, Oraniopsis appendiculata, Ravenea hildebrandtii, R. robustior) were revealed as pyrenarium of Ilex type. We can consider that the original fruit type within the subfamily are lobate trimerous fruits of Pseudophoenix, with the pericarp differentiated into parenchymatous mesocarp, scattered brachysclereids in the peripheral zone of the mesocarp and palisade sclerified endocarp. Fruits of Ceroxyleae are derived types of fruits, which had morphogenetic transformation in different zones of pericarp. Transformations of mesocarp had different ways: differentiation of mesocarp subzones (Ceroxylon), formation of belt of brachysclereids in the peripheral zone of the mesocarp (Ceroxylon, Juania), or formation of sclereids with different shapes (Ravenea hildebrandtii), or almost complete absence of sclereids (Oraniopsis, Ravenea robustior). Transformations of endocarp followed the path of reduction of the length of the palisade sclerified cells (Ceroxylon, Juania, Ravenea, Oraniopsis) and its filling with phlobaphenes (Ravenea, Oraniopsis).