Preliminary results of the study of crystals in fruits of the clade Apieae of the family Umbelliferae
УДК 582.893.6:581.145.2:581.135.55
Abstract
The presence, shape and distribution of calcium oxalate crystals in fruits are of great importance for the taxonomy of Umbelliferae; these traits characterize tribes and subfamilies. We are talking about prismatic crystals, large druses and globular clusters 15-25 microns in size, which are clearly visible in a light microscope. Smaller crystals were practically ignored. We studied 20 species of the Apieae clade using conventional light and polarized microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Cross sections, the surface of the commissure and seed, exocarp and endocarp fragments were studied. Large differences between species are shown - from numerous crystals in the exocarp, mesocarp or endocarp, on the commissure to their complete absence in the pericarp. Crystals occur in the form of crystalline sand, small (up to 9 ^m) drusen, naviculas, prisms, and irregularly shaped inclusions. The calcium content in the pericarp is quite high, in different areas from 1 % to 13 %, a significant part of the calcium compounds do not have birefringence. Most of the crystals contain species of subclade B3. The significance of small crystals for taxonomy remains to be evaluated. The content of silicon in the studied fruits is low, < 0.3 %.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Денисова А. Г., Керимов С. Ш. Локализация кумариновых соединений в тканях плода и корня Hippomarathrum microcarpum (Bieb.) B. Fedtsch. // Растительные ресурсы, 1966. - Т. 2, № 2. - С. 182-189.
Зеленков В. Н., Иванова М. И., Лапин А. А., Латушкин В. В. Элементный состав семян семейства Apiaceae // Химия растительного сырья, 2022. - № 1. - С. 235-241. DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.2022018478
Bentham G. Umbelliferae // In Genera Plantarum / G. Bentham, J. D. Hooker (eds.). - London, UK: Lovell Reeve & Co, 1867. - Vol. 1, Pt. 3. - P. 859-931.
Bowen H. C., Cotterill H. L., Hammond J. P., Meacham M. C., Mead A., White P. J. Phylogenetic variation in the shoot mineral concentration of angiosperms // Journal of Experimental Botany, 2004. - Vol. 55. - P. 321-336.
Drude O. Umbelliferae // In Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien / A. Engler, K. Prantl (eds.). - Leipzig, Germany: Wilhelm Engelmann, 1897-1898. -Vol. 3, Hf. 8. - S. 49-192.
Hodson M. J., White P. J., Mead A., Broadley M. R. Phylogenetic Variation in the Silicon Composition of Plants // Annals of Botany, 2005. - Vol. 96. - P. 1027-1046. DOI:10.1093/aob/mci255
Jimenez-Mejias P., Vargas P. Taxonomy of the tribe Apieae (Apiaceae) revisited as revealed by molecular phylogenies and morphological characters // Phytotaxa, 2015. - Vol. 212. - P. 057-079.
Kljuykov E. V., Liu M., Ostroumova T. A., Pimenov M. G., Tilney P. M., Van Wyk B.-E. Towards a standardised terminology for taxonomically important morphological characters in the Umbelliferae // South Afr. J. Bot., 2004. -Vol. 70, № 3: - P. 489-497.
Magee A. R., Van Wyk B.-E., Tilney P. M., Downie S. R. Ezosciadium (Apiaceae): A taxonomic revision of yet another early diverging South African apioid genus // Plant Syst. Evol., 2008. - Vol. 276. - P. 167-175.
Ostroumova T., Zakharova E. The Study of Crystals in the Fruits of Some Apiaceae Species Using Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy // Int. J. Plant Biol., 2023. - Vol. 14. - P. 347-360. DOI: 10.3390/ijpb14020029
Plunkett G. M., Pimenov M. G., Reduron J.-P., Kljuykov E. V., VanWyk B.-E., Ostroumova T. A., Henwood M. J., Tilney P. M., Spalik K., Watson M. F. et al. Apiaceae // The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants / K. Kubitzki (ed.). -Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany: Springer International Publishing AG, Part of Springer Nature, 2018. - Vol. 15. - P. 9-206.
Rompel J. Krytstalle von Calciumoxalat in der Fruchtwand der Umbelliferen und ihre Verwertung fur die Systematik // Sitz. Math.-Nat. Cl. Kais. Akad. Wisenschaften, 1895. - Vol. 104. - S. 417-474.
Weber U. Die anatomischen Unterschiede der Fruchte von Ammi visnaga Lam. und Ammi majus L. // Arch. Pharm. Ber. Deut. Pharm. Ges., 1941. - Vol. 279. - S. 168-175.
