Analysis of phylogenetic relationships of the genus Gymnarrhena Desf. (Asteraceae Bercht. et J. Presl) based on data from comparative carpology
УДК 582.998.16:581.47
Abstract
The morphological and anatomical structure of cypselae was studied in the amphicarpic desert annual Gymnarrhena micrantha (Asteraceae) and in the representatives of possibly related tribes of the Asteraceae. The monotypic, taxonomically complex genus Gymnarhena is currently included in the tribe Gymnarrheneae and the separate subfamily Gymnarrhenoideae. It was found that taxonomically important anatomical and carpological characters of the Gymnarrhena include the structure of the cypsela apical region, of envelops (the pericarp and the seed coat), as well as the pappus structure, place of its insertion, type of hygroscopic movement (hygrochazia) and the type of its hygroscopic tissue (Cirsium-type according to Talieff). The study did not confirm the relationship of Gymnarrhena with the tribes Corymbieae and Cichorieae, the seed coat of which differs markedly from the seed coat of Gymnarrhena in the presence of fine porosity of the exotesta cell walls. The set of carpological characters (and character states) considered, as well as palynological data, indicates a possible relationship of Gymnarrhena with the basal subtribes Cardopatiinae and Carlininae of the tribe Cardueae. There is a particularly significant similarity, in terms of morphology and ecology of fruits, between G. micrantha and Cousiniopsis atractyloides (Cardopatiinae). This species appears to be another amphicarpic species in the family Asteraceae.
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