Features of speciation in flowering plants from the point of view of evolutionary genomics
УДК 575.1/.8+577.2+58
Abstract
According to professor Rudolf V. Kamelin, the units of the evolutionary process in plants, in contrast to the animal world, are not only species, but also long-term coexisting populations of several different species, whose plants more or less regularly interbreed, up to complex obligate syngameons that unite all species of a genus or even species of different genera. Whole-genome sequencing of flowering plants genomes has shown that established ideas about polyploid genomes as simple combinations of linkage groups/various alleles obtained from parental species, only occasionally modified by intergenomic translocations, are far from reality. One gets the impression that on short segments of the evolutionary path, interspecific hybridization accompanied by whole-genome duplication, easily forming new, reproductively isolated from diploid ancestors polyploid species (we emphasize - new species), does not create anything fundamentally new, that phenotypic cosewuences of newly appeared recessive mutations can not be tested by natural selection as they are buffered by dominant allel(s) in the polyploid genome. On the contrary, it can be seen that in the long term, often millions of years after WGD, the genome of polyploids is secondarily diploidized, the carriers of the secondarily diploidized genomes,- the descendants of polyploids (paleopolyploids), get a chance to enter a state of “explosive” speciation (diversification) and give rise to new large supraspecific taxa.
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