Molecular systematics of roburoid oaks (Quercus L. sect. Quercus, Fagaceae) in the Caucasus and adjacent regions: comparison of data on nuclear genome variability with morphological data
УДК 575.174.5+582.632.2
Abstract
Difficulties in studying the taxonomic structure of Caucasian oaks with high morphological diversity and widespread hybridization determine the importance of molecular genetic studies of Quercus species in the region. The interspecific and intraspecific structure of genetic variation was first studied in closely related roburoid oaks of the Crimean-Caucasian region using 18 nuclear microsatellite loci (nSSRs). The seven most common taxa of five species in the region were studied (Q. robur, Q. hartwissiana, Q. pubescens, Q. macranthera and three subspecies of Q. petraea) from different parts of the North Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Crimea and northeastern Europe. 1240 samples from 85 populations were analyzed. Most taxa were first studied using nSSR markers. The effectiveness of microsatellite loci for identification of roburoid oaks in the Crimean-Caucasian region and studying hybridization processes has been demonstrated. Genetic clustering of samples was consistent with taxonomic identification based on morphological characters. The relatedness of the “long-pedunculated” roburoid oaks (Q. robur, Q. hartwissiana) to each other was shown, with a greater difference from other species. For the first time the species status of the limestone oak (Q. petraea ssp. medwediewii) was suggested based on genetic data. At the same time the possible hybrid origin of limestone oak as a result of hybridization of Q. petraea and Q. pubescens is not confirmed. The distribution of taxa in the Crimean-Caucasian region, the proportion of different taxa and their hybrids in populations have been studied. An introgression zone between two subspecies of sessile oak Q. petraea ssp. petraea and Q. petraea ssp. iberica in the Western Caucasus was found. In areas where several species grow together, a certain degree of interspecific hybridization was revealed. However, clear differentiation of species by nuclear markers even in sympatric populations shows the limited introgression of closely related oak species in the Caucasus and Crimea.
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