Phylogenetic biogeography of Dioscoreales: molecular genetic analysis
УДК 581.9
Abstract
The molecular genetic study was conducted on three genes of three families of order Dioscoreales (Dioscoreaceae, Burmanniaceae, Nartheciaceae). It was found that the place of the hypothetical separation of the Dioscoreales is Southeast Asia. After that, most likely, Rajania (Dioscoreaceae) was settled by long-distance transport to America. The next phylogenetic event – the separation of Geomitra from the rest of Dioscoreales — can be interpreted as a vicarious settlement. Subsequently, there was probably a secondary settlement of Central America, also by longdistance transport, where the vicarious settlement took place in three directions: the northeast, up to the east coast of North America; southern, to northern Argentina; east, to the Atlantic coast of the mainland. After that, most likely, longdistance transport occurred the settlement of Africa and the subsequent vicar settlement in three directions: the northern, to the Sahara; east, to the coast of the mainland, and then to Madagascar; south, to the north of South Africa. After the remaining Dioscoreales were separated from the Burmanniaceae, Avetra most likely penetrated Madagascar by longdistance transport through America and then Africa. Dioscorea spread vicariously westward to Western Asia, southwardto the northern and northwestern coast of Australia, distant transport to America, and then vicariously, or probably distant transport to southern South America and long-distance transport to Africa and Europe.
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References
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