Some features of Paeonia anomala L. reproduction (Paeoniaceae Raf.)
UDC 581.321.1:581.331
Abstract
Representatives of the genus Paeonia have a number of interesting reproductive features, including a unique Paeoniad-type of embryogenesis, not found in other angiosperms, as well as the formation of multiple archesporium in the ovule and the possibility of developing several gametophytes. In this study, a detailed analysis of the development of female reproductive structures in P. anomala was carried out and a number of regularities were revealed that determine the development of several embryo sacs in one ovule. At the early stages, multiple archesporium, formed in the ovule, differentiates into a sporogenous complex, including 12–18 megasporocytes. 2–3 (rarely 1) megasporocytes are capable of megasporogenesis after the formation of a callose wall on them before meiosis. Development of the female gametophyte occurs according to the monosporic Polygonum-type. An analysis of the ratio of ovules with the 1 or 2 developing gametophytes revealed frequent death of additional megaspore tetrads, and in some cases, of all tetrads in the ovule. The second critical stage is the stage of the 4-nucleate embryo sac, where a high percentage of degenerating gametophytes is also noted. The mature embryo sac includes the egg apparatus from the egg cell and 2 synergids at the micropylar pole, 3 antipodals at the chalazal pole, and the central cell with a secondary polar nucleus located in the center. About half of the ovules studied had 2 mature embryo sacs. Some features of the fertilization in the ovule with 2 embryo sacs were revealed. Several pollen tubes can enter the ovule, which bring sperm for fertilization of the sex cells of both embryo sacs. However, in some cases, the entry of one pollen tube has been noted, the sperm of which merge with the egg cells of different embryo sacs, while the polar nuclei are not fertilized and the endosperm is not formed. It may be the reason for the cessation of seed development. It has been suggested that disturbances in the development of the female gametophyte and the process of its fertilization, possibly associated with the formation of several embryo sacs, may cause a decrease in the seed productivity of plants.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Батыгина Т. Б. Paeoniad-тип эмбриогенеза // Эмбриология цветковых растений. Терминология и концепции. – СПб: Мир и семья, 1997. – Т. 2. Семя. – С. 526–528.
Герасимова-Навашина Е. Н. Двойное оплодотворение покрытосеменных и некоторые его теоретические аспекты // Проблемы эмбриологии. – Киев: Наукова думка, 1971. – С. 113–152.
Паушева З. П. Практикум по цитологии растений. – М.: Колос, 1980. – 255 с.
Реут А. А., Миронова Л. Н. Изучение аминокислотного и элементного состава растительного сырья некоторых представителей рода Paeonia L. // Бюл. Бот. сада СГУ, 2013. – № 11. – С. 165–169.
Шамров И. И. Развитие семязачатка и семени у Paeonia lactiflora (Paeoniaceae) // Бот. журн., 1997. – Т. 82, № 6. – С. 24–46.
Яковлев М. С., Иоффе М. Д. Мегаспорогенез у Paeonia anomala L. // Вопросы эволюции, биогеографии, генетики и селекции. – М.–Л.: Наука, 1960. – С. 320–325.
Яковлев М. С., Иоффе М. Д. Особенности эмбриогенеза рода Paeonia L. // Бот. журн., 1957. – Т. 42, № 10. – С. 1491–1502.
Яковлев М. С., Иоффе М. Д. Эмбриология некоторых представителей рода Paeonia L. // Морфология цветка и репродуктивный процесс у покрытосеменных растений. – М.–Л.: Наука, 1965. – С. 140–176.
Carniel K. Uber die Embryobildung in der Gattung Paeonia // Osterr. Bot. Zeit., 1967. – Bd. 114. – Ss. 4–19.
Chen T.,·Xie M., Jiang Y., Yuan T. Abortion occurs during double fertilization and ovule development in Paeonia ludlowii // J. Plant Research, 2022. – Vol. 135, № 2. – P. 295–310. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-021-01366-5
Dresselhaus T., Sprunck S., Wessel G. M. Fertilization mechanisms in flowering plants // Current Biology, 2016. – Vol. 26. – P. R125–R139. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.032
Du Y., Cheng F., Zhong Y. Induction of direct somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis and histological study in tree peony (Paeonia sect. Moutan) // Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 2020. – Vol. 141. – P. 557–570. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01815-4
Halda J. J. The Genus Paeonia. – Portland: Timber Press Inc., 2004. – 231 p.
Öztürk R., Ünal M. Cytoembryological studies on Paeonia peregrina L. // J. Cell Mol. Biol., 2003. – Vol. 2. – P. 85–89.
Rodkiewicz B., Bednara J. Megasporogenesis // Embryology of flowering plants. Terminology and concepts. NH, USA: Enfield, 2002. – Vol. 1. Generative organs of flower. – P. 114–115.
Susaki D., Izumi R., Oi T., Takeuchi H., Shin J. M., Sugi N., Kinoshita T., Higashiyama T., Kawashima T., Maruyama D. F-actin regulates the polarized secretion of pollen tube attractants in Arabidopsis synergid cells // Plant Cell, 2023. – Vol. 35. – P. 1222–1240. http://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koac371
Vinogradova G. Yu., Zhinkina N. A. Why does only one embryo sac develop in the Paeonia ovule with multiple archesporium? // Plant Biology, 2021. – Vol. 23, № 2. – P. 267–274. http://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13206
Walters J. L. Megasporogenesis and gametophyte selection in Paeonia californica // Amer. J. Bot., 1962. – Vol. 49, № 7. – P. 787–794. http://doi.org/10.2307/2439173
