Сrystals in the tissues of cypsela of species Heliantheae s.l. (Asteraceae)
UDC 581.47+582.998
Abstract
This article presents the results of the study of crystals in the tissues of cypselas from 20 species of the Heliantheae s.l. alliance (Asteraceae). The structure of the cypselas was studied using scanning electron microscopy with an EVO 40 microscope (Carl Zeiss), equipped with an INCA x-act system for energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of chemical composition. A characteristic feature of the representatives of the alliance is the presence of phytomelanin (or phytomelan), a solid and chemically inert substance localized in the walls of the fruits. According to literature data, no crystals are found in the cypselas of representatives of the Heliantheae s.l. alliance with a layer of phytomelanin in the pericarp. The results of the study showed that in various tissues of the cypselas, alongside phytomelanin, there are crystals, with the predominant type being druses, while stylolites are found less frequently, either grouped or solitary. Crystals were detected in various tissues (exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp, exotesta, endotesta). Thus, the presence of calcium oxalate crystals and phytomelanin in the cypselas of representatives of the Heliantheae s.l. alliance are not mutually exclusive phenomena. The presence, shape, size, and localization features of the crystals serve as taxonomic characteristics.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Basak N., Mukherjee S. K. The morphology and anatomy of the cypselas of some species of Helianthus L. (Asteraceae-Heliantheae) and its taxonomic significance // Nat. Bot. Soc., 2001. – Vol. 55. – P. 111–124.
De-Paula O. C., Marzinek J., Oliveira D. M. T., Machado S. R. The role of fibres and the hypodermis in Compositae melanin secretion // Micron, 2013. – Vol. 44. – P. 312–316.
Marzinek J., Oliveira D. M. T. Structure and ontogeny of the pericarp of six Eupatorieae (Asteraceae) with ecological and taxonomic considerations // An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc., 2010. – Vol. 82 N 2. – P. 279–291. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37652010000200004
Mathur R. R., Pandey A. K. Development and structure of phytomelanin in Coreopsieae (Asteraceae) // Int. J. Plt. Repro. Biol., 2020. – Vol. 12. – P. 84–94. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.202400028
Mukherjee S. K., Nordenstam B. Distribution of calcium oxalate crystals in the cypselar walls in some members of the Compositae and their taxonomic significance // Соmрositae Newsletter, 2010. – N 48. – P. 63–88.
Pandey A. K., Dhakal M. R. Phytomelanin in Compositae // Curr. Sci., 2001. – Vol. 80, N 8. – P. 933–940.
Pullaiah T. Studies in the Embryology of Heliantheae (Compositae) // Pl. Syst. Evol., 1981. – Vol. N 137. – P. 203–214.
Raman V., Horner H. T., Khan I. A. New and unusual forms of calcium oxalate raphide crystals in the plant kingdom // J. Plant Res., 2014. – Vol. 127, N 6. – P. 721–730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-014-0654-y.
Scurfield G., Michell A. J., Silva S. R. Crystals in woody stems // Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 1973. – Vol. 66. – P. 277–289. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1973.tb02175.
Singh R. P., Pandey A. K. Development and structure of seeds and fruits in Compositae–Cynareae // Phytomorphology, 1984. – Vol. 34. – P. 1–10.
Solbrig O. T. Subfamilial nomenclature of Compositae // Taxon, 1963. – Vol. 12. – P. 229–235.
Stuessy T. F., Liu H. Y. Anatomy of the pericarp of Clibadium, Desmanthodium, and Ichthyothere (Compositae, Heliantheae) and systematic implications // Rhodora, 1983. – Vol. 85. N 842. – P. 213–227.
Tadesse Mesfin, Crawford D. J. The phytomelanin layer in traditional members of Bidens L. and Coreopsis L. and phylogeny of the Coreopsideae (Compositae) // Nordic Jour. Bot., 2014. – Vol. 32. – P. 80–91.
