Raw material reserves of Nitraria schoberi L. in southern and south-eastern Kazakhstan
UDC 582.751.77:581.6+615(574)
Abstract
In the context of climate change and the increasing anthropogenic impact, research on the conservation and sustainable use of the country's plant resources is particularly relevant. Among the current priorities is a modern assessment of the resource potential and availability of a stable raw material base for sought-after and promising species of medicinal plants. An analysis of the study and prospects for the use of Kazakhstani species of the genus Nitraria L. as unique representatives of the flora of arid regions and renewable sources of medicinal plant raw materials indicates the relevance of research into their resources. To identify and assess the reserves of Nitraria schoberi L. which forms thickets in the desert regions of southern and southeastern Kazakhstan, in April–June 2024–2025, a resource survey covered part of the territory of the Moyinkum medium-desert sandy plain; foothill plains of the Northern Tien Shan ridges and the lower reaches of the Ili river valley. As a result, 17 populations of N. schoberi were identified which were found among saxaul sparse forests, tugai and halophytic vegetation in the Ili river valley and on the foothill desert plains at altitudes ranging from 301 to 735 metres above sea level. The floristic composition of plant communities involving N. schoberi includes about 50 plant species. Populations of the species from the Moyinkum desert (4700.0±517.0 kg/ha) and the Ili river valley (3772.9±415.0 kg/ha) were characterized by high yields of air-dry above-ground phytomass. The lowest yields were observed in N. schoberi populations from the foothill plains (from 1800.0±216.0 to 3200.0±352.0 kg/ha). Overall, the total exploitable reserves of N. schoberi raw materials in the surveyed area amounted to 414.7 tons, with a total possible annual harvest of 82.9 tons of air-dry raw materials on a total area of 157.3 hectares. The stands of N. schoberi identified in the south and southeast of Kazakhstan are promising for industrial harvesting.
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