LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT MARKET IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY: FORMATION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS (ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH)
УДК 338.48:331.5
Abstract
This article presents a review of research in the field of labour and employment within the tourism industry, emphasizing the significance and scale of employment opportunities supported by tourism worldwide, a fact brought into sharp focus during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic revealed the vulnerability of tourism workers and accelerated the search for alternative employment options, while simultaneously exacerbating the historical labour shortage in the industry following the recovery of demand. Despite its crucial role, work in tourism remains an under-researched area. The article uses the concept of “maturation” to describe the development of tourism labour studies, examining the path taken and identifying future directions. The review covers a 50-year period, drawing on previous works by Ladkin (2011) and Baum et al. (2016), and analyzes systematic reviews of research from 2005-2023. Five thematic areas of research are highlighted: management, human capital, economic value, labour mobility, and gender, along with a multi-level model (macro, meso, micro) for structuring research. The necessity of a multi-disciplinary approach and critical analysis is emphasized to overcome fragmentation and deepen the understanding of labour issues in tourism. In conclusion, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism labour market and the need to adapt research to new realities are noted, highlighting the importance of studying the changing “work landscape” in tourism and utilizing accumulated experience for the further development of research in this field.
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