COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTION MODELS FOR METAL PRODUCTS IN THE USA, THE EUROPEAN UNION, AND RUSSIA

УДК 339.187

Abstract

This article presents a comparative analysis of distribution models for metal products in the United States, the European Union, and Russia. The study’s relevance stems from the metallurgical industry’s pivotal role in supporting strategically important economic sectors, as well as from the differing economic, regulatory, and geopolitical conditions that give rise to distinct distribution systems in each of the three regions. The aim is to conduct an in-depth comparative examination of the structural and functional characteristics of metal-products distribution across these economic systems. To that end, the key market participants and their interrelationships have been systematically mapped, and a side-by-side comparison performed using standardized parameters—logistics infrastructure, the role of distributors, inventory management practices, level of digitalization, and the impact of regulatory frameworks. The novelty of this work lies in its integrated approach, which combines comparative analysis with content analysis of digital-platform case studies and a review of relevant regulatory acts. This methodology affords deeper insight into how variations in market structure, legal frameworks, and technological maturity create unique competitive advantages within each distribution model. The findings will benefit metallurgical companies, logistics operators, supply-chain management researchers, and practitioners.