FEATURES OF ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES OF FOREIGN MIGRANTS IN THE BORDER REGIONS OF RUSSIA
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8965-9922
Abstract
Migration has become an integral part of modern life. Due to political, socio-economic, environmental factors, migration flows are increasing every year. One of the key areas of research remains the issues of adaptation and integration of migrants, since the nature of the adaptation of migrants depends on the social development and well-being of both the migrants themselves and the host society. The purpose of this article is to study the features of the adaptive strategies of foreign migrants in the border regions of Russia. The paper presents a theoretical analysis of migration processes, including eleven laws of migration by E.G. Ravenstein and approaches to understanding the processes of acculturation of migrants. The results of sociological research conducted by the research team of Altai State University in six border regions of Russia (Altai Territory, Tyva Republic, Khabarovsk Territory, Volgograd Region, Astrakhan Region, Amur Region) are analyzed. A total of 449 foreign migrants were interviewed. The data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using frequency and linear regression analysis methods. Based on the analyzes carried out, a typology of migrants was obtained based on their migration experience and migration intentions. Three groups of migrants arriving in the border regions have been identified - returnable, irrevocable and transit. It is noted that the processes of acculturation of migrants in the border regions of Russia are developing along the path of integration. Based on the data obtained, five adaptive strategies were identified that are typical for foreign migrants in the border regions of Russia: full integration (knowledge of Russian culture and support for intercultural contacts with the host community), integration - intention (poor knowledge of Russian culture and support for intercultural contacts with the host community), transit integration (knowledge of Russian culture and support for intercultural contacts with the host community is typical for transit migrants), separation is a threat (knowledge of Russian culture and lack of intercultural contacts with the host community), assimilation is a benefit (poor knowledge of Russian culture, but the intention to support only Russian cultural norms and traditions, typical for migrants who came to trade and purchase goods).
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