STEPPES AND TURKESTAN IN THE CONDITIONS OF POLICY OF “MILITARY COMMUNISM” AND HER CONSEQUENCES (1918–1922)

Abstract

In article features of realization of policy of “military communism” in the Central Asian suburbs of Russia — Steppes and Turkestan, carried out by Bolsheviks during civil war of 1918–1922 come to light. As a result of the carried-out analysis it was succeeded to define that the policy of “military communism” in this region was carried out in line with the all-Russian tendencies. She represented set of actions of the Soviet power in the sphere of the industry, agriculture, the social relations directed to militarization of production and ensuring fighting capacity of the Red Army. Features of realization of policy of “military communism” in Steppes and Turkestan were defined by economic backwardness of the region and the nature of combat operations in East and Turkestan fronts. It is necessary to refer to number of these features: more later, than in general across Russia, inclusion of Steppes and Turkestan in process of implementation of measures of “military communism”, their distribution, as on the Russian, and indigenous people, more rigid forms and methods of realization of military and communistic construction. Production falling, especially in the agrarian sector of economy, the hunger of 1920–1921 which has entailed demographic losses of the population, mass migration of the nomadic people out of borders of the country, universal peasants anti-Bolshevist uprisings and resistance of indigenous people in the form of the Basmachi movement became a consequence of policy of “military communism” in Steppes and Turkestan.