SINTASHTA AS A CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL PHENOMENON OF THE BRONZE AGE

И.А.  Кукушкин

doi:10.14258/tpai(2021)33(3).-03

И.А. Кукушкин Карагандинский университет имени Е. А. Букетова https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4798-8496 Email: sai@ksu.kz

https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(3).-03

Ключевые слова: Синташта, миграция, колесница, Южное Зауралье, Ближний Восток

Аннотация

Синташтинская культура является одним из наиболее дискуссионных этнокультурных образований бронзового века, сформировавшимся в Урало-Казахстанских степях. Она появляется внезапно и локализуется на территории Южного Зауралья. Укрепленные поселения и могильники этой культуры распространяются широкой полосой вдоль восточных склонов Уральского хребта. Специфика укрепленных поселений городского типа, нехарактерных для степной полосы Евразии, позволила исследователям сделать выводы о том, что они импортированы из других регионов, где были первоначально разработаны и канонизированы. В этом плане наиболее вероятной представляется поэтапная миграция населения с территории Малой Азии, архитектурно-планировочные стандарты которой демонстрируют черты детального сходства. Предполагаемая миграция проходила через трансазиатский коридор, соединяющий Ближний Восток и Центральную Азию, в Южный Казахстан, откуда военизированные группы проникают в Южное Зауралье и создают синташтинскую культуру. Укрепленные поселения сопровождаются появлением захоронений с колесничной атрибутикой, представленной в виде уже сложившегося комплекса предметов и технологий. В археологических источниках колесничный комплекс представлен остатками колесниц, костяками упряжных лошадей, псалиями, а также оружием дистанционного и ближнего боя. В степях Евразии боевая колесница становится наиболее грозным и мощным оружием бронзового века.

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Биография автора

И.А. Кукушкин, Карагандинский университет имени Е. А. Букетова

кандидат исторических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Сарыаркинского археологического института при Карагандинском университете имени Е.А. Букетова

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