МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ШЛАКИ И ФРАГМЕНТЫ РУД С ПОСЕЛЕНИЯ БРОНЗОВОГО ВЕКА КАМЕННЫЙ АМБАР (ЮЖНОЕ ЗАУРАЛЬЕ): КЛЮЧ К ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЮ ИСТОЧНИКОВ МЕДНОГО СЫРЬЯ
Ключевые слова:
металлургические шлаки, бронзовый век, Каменный Амбар, Южное Зауралье, медные руды, минеральные включения
Аннотация
В работе приведена характеристика металлургических шлаков и фрагментов медных руд с поселения бронзового века Каменный Амбар. По особенностям минерального и химического состава выделено две разновидности шлаков: оливиновые хромитсодержащие и оливиновые сульфидсодержащие. Оливиновые хромитсодержащие шлаки являются продуктом эксплуатации окисленных руд из месторождений, локализованных в ультрабазитах в синташтинско-петровский период функционирования поселения. Оливиновые сульфидсодержащие шлаки являются результатом использования сульфидных руд колчеданных или медно-порфировых месторождений в срубно-алакульский период. Подобная смена типа меднорудного сырья зафиксирована также на других поселениях бронзового века в Южном Зауралье. На поселении Каменный Амбар и его аналогах выделены основные индикаторные минералы, позволяющие установить источник меднорудного сырья в древности: хромшпинелиды, сульфиды и турмалин.
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Ankushev M. N., Yuminov A.M., Zajkov V.V., Noskevich V.V. Mednye rudniki bronzovogo veka v Yuzhnom Zaural’e [Copper Mines of the Bronze Age in the Southern Trans-Urals]. Izvestiya Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Geoarheologiya. Etnologiya. Antropologiya [Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Series: Geoarcheology. Ethnology. Anthropology]. 2018. Vol. 23. Pp. 87–110. (In Russ.) DOI:10.26516/2227-2380.2018.23.87 (In Russ.)
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Zajkov V. V., Yuminov A. M., Ankushev M. N., Tkachev V. V., Noskevich V. V., Epimahov A. V. Gorno-metallurgicheskie centry bronzovogo veka v Zaural’e i Mugodzharah [Mining and Metallurgical Centers of the Bronze Age in the Trans-Urals and Mugodzhary]. Izvestiya Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Geoarheologiya. Etnologiya, Antropologiya [Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Series: Geoarchaeology. Ethnology, Anthropology]. 2013. Vol. 1. Pp. 174–195. (In Russ.)
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Savel’ev D.E. Hromitonosnost’ giperbazitovyh massivov Yuzhnogo Urala : dis. … d-ra g.-m. nauk. Perm’, 2012. [Chromite Content of Hyperbasite Massifs of the South Urals: dis. ... Dr. G.-M. Sciences]. Perm, 2012. 313 p. (In Russian)
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Chernyh E.N. Drevnejshaya metallurgiya Urala i Povolzh’ya [The Most Ancient Metallurgy of the Urals and the Volga Region]. M. : Nauka, 1970. 181 p. (In Russ.)
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Chuhareva N.S. Sravnitel’nyj analiz hromshpinelidov iz oblomkov porod i metallurgicheskih shlakov poselenij bronzovogo veka (Yuzhnyj Ural) [Comparative Analysis of Cr-spinels from Rock Fragments and Metallurgical Slags of Bronze Age Settlements (Southern Urals)]. Ural’skij mineralogicheskij sbornik [Ural Mineralogical Collection]. №16. Miass ; Ekaterinburg : IMin UrO RAN, 2009. Pp. 182–185. (In Russ.)
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Belogub E.V., Novoselov K.A., Yakovleva V.A., Spiro B. Supergene Sulphides and Related Minerals in the Supergene Profiles of VHMS Deposits from the South Urals. Ore Geology Review. 2008. 33. Pp. 239–254. DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2006.03.008. (In Eng.)
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Epimakhov A., Krause R. Relative and Absolute Chronology of the Kamennyi Ambar Settlement. Multidisciplinary Investigations of the Bronze Age Settlements in the Southern Trans-Urals (Russia). Frankfurter Archäologische Schriften 23. Bonn. 2013. Pp. 129–146. (In Eng.)
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Ankushev M. N., Alaeva I. P., Medvedeva P. S., Chechushkov I. V., Sharapov D. V. Mineral’nye mikrovklyucheniya v metallurgicheskih shlakah poselenij bronzovogo veka v doline r. Zingejka (Yuzhnyj Ural) [Mineral Microinclusions in Metallurgical Slags of the Bronze Age Settlements in the Valley of the Zingeyka (South Urals)]. Geoarheologiya i arheologicheskaya mineralogiya [Geoarchaeology and Archaeological Mineralogy.] 2016. Pp. 116–120. (In Russ.)
Ankushev M. N., Artem»ev D. A., Blinov I. A. Elementy-primesi v zonal’nyh olivinah metallurgicheskih shlakov bronzovogo veka na Yuzhnom Urale [Trace Elements in Zonal Olivines of Metallurgical Slags of the Bronze Age in the Southern Urals]. Mineralogiya [Mineralogy]. 2018. Vol. 4. №1. Pp. 55–67. (in Russ.)
Ankushev M. N., Yuminov A.M., Zajkov V.V., Noskevich V.V. Mednye rudniki bronzovogo veka v Yuzhnom Zaural’e [Copper Mines of the Bronze Age in the Southern Trans-Urals]. Izvestiya Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Geoarheologiya. Etnologiya. Antropologiya [Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Series: Geoarcheology. Ethnology. Anthropology]. 2018. Vol. 23. Pp. 87–110. (In Russ.) DOI:10.26516/2227-2380.2018.23.87 (In Russ.)
Blinov I. A., Ankushev M.N., Rassomahin M.A., Medvedeva P.S. Mineraly medi, nikelya i mysh’yaka v rudah Novotemirskogo proyavleniya zheleza (Yuzhnyj Ural) [Minerals of Copper, Nickel and Arsenic in the Ores of the Novotemir Iron Occurrence (South Urals)]. Mineralogiya [Mineralogy]. 2018. Vol. 4. №3. Pp. 36–45. (In Russ.)
Bushmakin A. F., Zajkov V. V. Elenovskoe medno-turmalinovoe mestorozhdenie - veroyatnyj istochnik rudy dlya medeplavil’nogo proizvodstva Arkaima [Yelenovskoe Copper-tourmaline Deposit –a Probable Source of Ore for the Copper-smelting Production of Arkaim]. Ural’skij mineralogicheskij sbornik [Ural Mineralogical Collection]. Miass : IMin UrO RAN, 1997. №7. Pp. 221–232. (In Russ.)
Vinogradov N. B. Hronologiya, soderzhanie i kul’turnaya prinadlezhnost’ pamyatnikov sintashtinskogo tipa bronzovogo veka v Yuzhnom Zaural’e [Chronology, Content, and Cultural Identity of the Sintashta Type Sites of the Bronze Age in the Southern Trans-Urals]. Vestnik ChGPI. Istoriya [ChGPI Bulletin. Story]. 1995. №1. Pp. 16–26. (In Russ.)
Grigor’ev S.A. Novye materialy k istorii metallurgii Yuzhnogo Urala [New Materials to the History of Metallurgy of the Southern Urals]. Problemy arheologii Uralo-Kazahstanskih stepej [Problems of Archaeology of the Ural-Kazakhstan Steppes]. Chelyabinsk : ChGU, 1988. Pp. 45–59. (In Russ.)
Grigor’ev S. A., Dunaev A.Yu., Zajkov V.V. Hromshpinelidy kak indikator istochnika mednyh rud dlya drevnej metallurgii [Chromium Spinels as an Indicator of the Source of Copper Ores for Ancient Metallurgy]. Doklady RAN. 2005 [Reports of RAS. 2005]. Vol. 400, №2. Pp. 228–232. (In Russ.)
Grigor’ev S.A. Metallurgicheskoe proizvodstvo v Severnoj Evrazii v epohu bronzy [Metallurgical Production in Northern Eurasia During the Bronze Age]. Chelyabinsk : Cicero, 2013. 660 p. (In Russ.)
Zajkov V. V., Yuminov A. M., Dunaev A. Yu., Zdanovich G. B., Grigor’ev S. A. Geologo-mineralogicheskie issledovaniya drevnih mednyh rudnikov na Yuzhnom Urale [Geological and Mineralogical Studies of Ancient Copper Mines in the Southern Urals]. Arheologiya, etnografiya i antropologiya Evrazii [Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia]. 2005. №4 (24). Pp. 101–114. (In Russ.)
Zajkov V. V., Melekesceva I.Yu., Artem’ev D.A., Yuminov A. M., Simonov V.A., Dunaev A.Yu. Geologiya i kolchedannoe orudenenie yuzhnogo flanga Glavnogo Ural’skogo razloma [Geology and Pyrite Mineralization of the Southern Flank of the Main Ural Fault]. Miass : IMin UrO RAN, 2009. 375 p. (In Russ.)
Zajkov V. V., Yuminov A. M., Ankushev M. N., Tkachev V. V., Noskevich V. V., Epimahov A. V. Gorno-metallurgicheskie centry bronzovogo veka v Zaural’e i Mugodzharah [Mining and Metallurgical Centers of the Bronze Age in the Trans-Urals and Mugodzhary]. Izvestiya Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Geoarheologiya. Etnologiya, Antropologiya [Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Series: Geoarchaeology. Ethnology, Anthropology]. 2013. Vol. 1. Pp. 174–195. (In Russ.)
Zdanovich G.B., Batanina I.M. Arkaim — «Strana gorodov». Prostranstvo i obrazy [«Country of Cities». Space and Images]. Chelyabinsk : Krokus, 2007. 260 p. (In Russ.)
Kargaly. T. I: Geologo-geograficheskie harakteristiki: Istoriya otkrytij, ekspluatacii i issledovanij: Arheologicheskie pamyatniki / sost. i nauch. red. E.N. Chernyh [Geological and Geographical Characteristics: History of Discoveries, Exploitation and Research: Archaeological Sites. Ed. E.N. Chernyh]. M. : Yazyki slavyanskoj kul’tury, 2002. 112 p. (In Russ.)
Koryakova L. N., Krauze R., Epimahov A. V., Sharapova S. V., Panteleeva S. E., Berseneva N.A., Fornas’e J., Kajzer E., Molchanov I.V., Chechushkov I.V. Arheologicheskoe issledovanie ukreplennogo poseleniya Kamennyj Ambar (Ol’gino) [Archaeological Research of the Fortified Settlement Kamenny Ambar (Olgino)]. Arheologiya, etnografiya i antropologiya Evrazii [Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia]. 2011. №4 (48). Pp. 61–74. (In Russ.)
Kuz’mina E.E. Pervaya volna migracii indoirancev na yug [The First Wave of Migration of Indo-Iranians to the South]. Vestnik drevnej istorii [Bulletin of Ancient History]. 2000. №4 (235). Pp. 3–20. (In Russ.)
Pavlov N. V. Himicheskij sostav hromshpinelidov v svyazi s petrograficheskim sostavom porod ul’traosnovnyh intruzivov [Chemical Composition of Cr-spinels in Connection with the Petrographic Composition of Rocks of Ultrabasic Intrusions]. Trudy Geologicheskogo instituta RAN [Proceedings of the Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. 1949. Issue 103. 91 p. (In Russ.)
Savel’ev D.E. Hromitonosnost’ giperbazitovyh massivov Yuzhnogo Urala : dis. … d-ra g.-m. nauk. Perm’, 2012. [Chromite Content of Hyperbasite Massifs of the South Urals: dis. ... Dr. G.-M. Sciences]. Perm, 2012. 313 p. (In Russian)
Skarnovo-magnetitovaya formaciya Urala: Srednij i Yuzhnyj Ural [Skarn-magnetite Formation of the Urals: Middle and South Urals]. Sverdlovsk : UrO AN SSSR, 1989. 212 p. (In Russ.)
Chernyh E.N. Drevnejshaya metallurgiya Urala i Povolzh’ya [The Most Ancient Metallurgy of the Urals and the Volga Region]. M. : Nauka, 1970. 181 p. (In Russ.)
Chernyh E. N. Formirovanie evrazijskogo «stepnogo poyasa» skotovodcheskih kul’tur: vzglyad skvoz’ prizmu arheometallurgii i radiouglerodnoj hronologii [Formation of the Eurasian «Steppe Belt» of Pastoral Cultures: a View Through the Prism of Archaeometallurgy and Radiocarbon Chronology]. Arheologiya, etnografiya i antropologiya Evrazii [Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia]. 2008. №3 (35). Pp. 36–53. (In Russ.)
Chuhareva N.S. Sravnitel’nyj analiz hromshpinelidov iz oblomkov porod i metallurgicheskih shlakov poselenij bronzovogo veka (Yuzhnyj Ural) [Comparative Analysis of Cr-spinels from Rock Fragments and Metallurgical Slags of Bronze Age Settlements (Southern Urals)]. Ural’skij mineralogicheskij sbornik [Ural Mineralogical Collection]. №16. Miass ; Ekaterinburg : IMin UrO RAN, 2009. Pp. 182–185. (In Russ.)
Sharapova S. V., Krauze R., Molchanov I. V., Shtobbe A., Soldatkin N. V. Mezhdisciplinarnye issledovaniya poseleniya Konoplyanka v Yuzhnom Zaural’e: predvaritel’nye rezul’taty [International Studies of the Konoplyanka Settlement in the South Trans-Urals: Preliminary Results]. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoriya, filologiya [Bulletin of the Novosibirsk State University. Series: History, Philology]. 2014. Vol. 13. №3. Pp. 101–109. (In Russ.)
Artemyev D.A., Ankushev M.N. Trace Elements of Cu-(Fe)-Sulfide Inclusions in Bronze Age Copper Slags from South Urals and Kazakhstan: Ore Sources and Alloying Additions. Minerals. 2019. 9(12).746. DOI: 10.3390/min9120746 (In Eng.)
Belogub E.V., Novoselov K.A., Yakovleva V.A., Spiro B. Supergene Sulphides and Related Minerals in the Supergene Profiles of VHMS Deposits from the South Urals. Ore Geology Review. 2008. 33. Pp. 239–254. DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2006.03.008. (In Eng.)
Bullock L.A., Perez M., Armstrong J.G., Parnell J., Still J., Feldmann J. Selenium and Tellurium Resources in Kisgruva Proterozoic Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide Deposit (Norway). Ore Geology Review. 2018. 99. Pp. 411–424. DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.06.023. (In Eng.)
Chechushkov I.V., Petrov F.N. The Annual Metal Production at the Late Bronze Age Sites from the Southern Urals. In: Yuminov A., Ankusheva N., Ankushev M., Zaykova E., Artemyev D. (eds) Geoarchaeology and Archaeological Mineralogy. GAM 2019. Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences. Springer, Cham. 2021. Pp. 7–19. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48864-2_2. (In Eng.)
Epimakhov A., Krause R. Relative and Absolute Chronology of the Kamennyi Ambar Settlement. Multidisciplinary Investigations of the Bronze Age Settlements in the Southern Trans-Urals (Russia). Frankfurter Archäologische Schriften 23. Bonn. 2013. Pp. 129–146. (In Eng.)
Herrington R., Maslennikov V. V., Zaykov V. V., Seravkin I. VMS Deposits of the South Urals, Russia. Ore Geology Review. 2005. V. 27. Рp. 238–239. DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.07.023 . (In Eng.)
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Опубликован
2021-03-25
Как цитировать
Анкушев М., Зайков В., Молчанов И., Корякова Л., Пантелеева С., Юминов А. МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ШЛАКИ И ФРАГМЕНТЫ РУД С ПОСЕЛЕНИЯ БРОНЗОВОГО ВЕКА КАМЕННЫЙ АМБАР (ЮЖНОЕ ЗАУРАЛЬЕ): КЛЮЧ К ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЮ ИСТОЧНИКОВ МЕДНОГО СЫРЬЯ // Теория и практика археологических исследований, 2021. Т. 33, № 1. С. 34-57 DOI: 10.14258/tpai(2021)33(1).-03. URL: http://journal.asu.ru/tpai/article/view/9364.
Выпуск
Раздел
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЕСТЕСТВЕННО-НАУЧНЫХ МЕТОДОВ В АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ
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