SACRAL ARCHAEOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF MEGALITHS
Abstract
The regions of Siberia, Urals and the North-West of Russia, archaeologists until recently were not usually included in the area of distribution of megalithic cultures, although these regions are known for their megalithic monuments of different archaeological periods. Megalithic monuments are among the most sacred objects in archaeology. Made of “eternal” material, the megaliths had different functions - religious, astronomical, funerary, residential, defensive, production and others. For its size and volume the megaliths can be divided into 5 types: 1) the Nephilim - the most unique, the largest processed individual plates, boulders, rocks with a volume of 30 m3 and weighing more than 100 tons); 2) giants - rocks nith the volume from 15 to 28 m3; 3) large - with volumes from 10 to 14 m3; 4) medium - 6 to 9 m3; 5) small - volumes 1 to 5 m3. Giant stones are unique and occupy a special position in every monument and in the surrounding sacral landscape. Megaliths need not only protection but also study of the experts of different branches of science. A detailed study of the objects of megalithic heritage would provide a deeper understanding of the unity of the Eurasian geo-cultural space from ancient times to the present.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Bertash A.V., Arsenij, ieromonah. Shest’ stoletij Rozhdestvo-Bogorodichnogo Konevskogo monastyrja [Arseny, Monk. Six Centuries of the Nativity of the Mother of God Konevsky Monastery]. SPb. : Izd-vo Podvor’ja Konevskogo monastyrja, 1993. 46 p. [In Russian]. Берташ А.В., Арсений, иеромонах. Шесть столетий Рождество-Богородичного Коневского монастыря. СПб. : Изд-во Подворья Коневского монастыря, 1993. 46 с.
Kubarev V.D. Drevnie izvajanija Altaja (Olennye kamni) [Ancient Sculptures (Deer Stones)]. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1979. 120 s [In Russian]. Кубарев В.Д. Древние изваяния Алтая (Оленные камни). Новосибирск : Наука, 1979. 120 с.
Marsadolov L.S. Issledovanija na Zapadnom Altae (okolo poselka Kolyvan’). Materialy SajanoAltajskoj arheologicheskoj jekspedicii Gosudarstvennogo Jermitazha [Studies in West Altai (near the Kolyvan village). Materials of the Sayano-Altai Archaeological Expedition of the State Hermitage]. SPb. : Izd-vo Jel’brus, 1998. Issue 2. 18 p. + 29 ill [In Russian]. Марсадолов Л.С. Исследования на Западном Алтае (около поселка Колывань) // Материалы Саяно-Алтайской археологической экспедиции Государственного Эрмитажа. СПб. : Эльбрус, 1998. Вып. 2. 18 с. + 29 рис.
Marsadolov L.S. Kompleks pamjatnikov v Semisarte na Altae. Materialy Sajano-Altajskoj arheologicheskoj jekspedicii Gosudarstvennogo Jermitazha [The Complex of Monuments in Semisarte in Altai. Materials of Sayano-Altai Archaeological Expedition of the State Hermitage]. Issue 4. SPb. : Izd-vo Kopi R, 2001. 65 p. + 118 ill [In Russian]. Марсадолов Л.С. Комплекс памятников в Семисарте на Алтае. Материалы Саяно-Алтайской археологической экспедиции Государственного Эрмитажа. СПб. : Копи Р, 2001. Вып. 2. 65 с. + 118 рис.
Marsadolov L.S. “Sad kamney” i svyatilishche v Semisarte [“Rock Garden” and the Sanctuary in Semisarte]. Nasledie. “Altay sokrovishche kul’tury” [Heritage. “Altai Cultural Treasure”]. SPb. : Tipografiya “Ivan Fedorov”, 2004. Issue 4. Pp. 71–73. [In Russian]. Марсадолов Л.С. «Сад камней» и святилище в Семисарте // Наследие. «Алтай сокровище культуры». СПб. : Типография «Иван Федоров», 2004. Вып. 4. С. 71–73.
Marsadolov L.S. Metodicheskie aspekty izucheniya drevnikh svyatilishch Sayano-Altaya [The Report on the Study of Ancient Temples in Altai in 2003–2005. Materials of Sayano-Altai Archaeological expedition of the State Hermitage]. Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy [The Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research]. SPb. : Izd-vo Gos. Ermitazha, 2007. Issue 5. 278 p. [In Russian]. Марсадолов Л.С. Отчет об исследовании древних святилищ Алтая в 2003–2005 годах. Материалы Саяно-Алтайской археологической экспедиции Государственного Эрмитажа. СПб. : Изд-во Гос. Эрмитажа, 2007. Вып. 5. 278 с.
Marsadolov L.S. Megality Altaya: “sfinks”, “piramidy” i plity u gory Seleutas [Megaliths of Altai: “Sphinx”, “Pyramids” and the the Plates at the Mount Seleutas]. Obshchestvo – Sreda – Razvitie. Nauchnoteoreticheskiy zhurnal [Society – Environment – Development. Scientific Theoretic Journal]. 2008a. №2 (7). Pp. 103–114. [In Russian]. Марсадолов Л.С. Мегалиты Алтая: «сфинкс», «пирамиды» и плиты у горы Селеутас // Общество – Среда – Развитие. Научно-теоретический журнал. 2008а. №2 (7). С. 103–114.
Marsadolov L.S. Seleutasskaya megaliticheskaya tsivilizatsiya v tsentre Evrazii [Seleutasskaya Megalithic Civilization in the Heart of Eurasia]. Drevnie i srednevekovye kochevniki Tsentral’noy Azii : sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Ancient and Medieval Nomads of Central Asia: a Collection of Scientific Papers]. Barnaul : Azbuka, 2008b. Pp. 69–74. [In Russian]. Марсадолов Л.С. Селеутасская мегалитическая цивилизация в центре Евразии // Древние и средневековые кочевники Центральной Азии : сборник научных трудов. Барнаул : Азбука, 2008б. С. 69–74.
Marsadolov L.S. Bol’shoy Salbykskiy kurgan v Khakasii [Large Salbyksky Mound in Khakassia]. Abakan : Khakasskoe izd-vo, 2010. 128 p [In Russian]. Марсадолов Л.С. Большой Салбыкский курган в Хакасии. Абакан : Хакасское изд-во, 2010. 128 с.
Marsadolov L.S. Drevnie “sady kamney” v Luzhskom rayone [The Ancient “Rock Gardens” in the Luga Area]. 13.10.2011 [Electronic Resource]. URL: http://eco-sovet.lenobl.ru/?id=359. [In Russian]. Марсадолов Л.С. Древние «сады камней» в Лужском районе. 13.10.2011 [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://eco-sovet.lenobl.ru/?id=359.
Marsadolov L.S. Sakral’nye i nachal’nye nauchnye znaniya drevnikh kochevnikov Sibiri v I tysyacheletii do n.e. [The Sacred and the Initial Scientific Knowledge of Ancient Nomads of Siberia in the I Millennium BC]. Kochevniki Evrazii na puti k imperii. Katalog vystavki iz sobraniya Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha [Nomads of Eurasia on the Way to the Empire. Catalog of the Exhibition from the Collection of the State Hermitage]. SPb. : AO “Slaviya”, 2012. Pp. 144–149. [In Russian]. Марсадолов Л.С. Сакральные и начальные научные знания древних кочевников Сибири в I тысячелетии до н.э. // Кочевники Евразии на пути к империи. Каталог выставки из собрания Государственного Эрмитажа. СПб. : АО «Славия», 2012. С. 144–149.
Marsadolov L.S. Drevnie megality na ulitsakh sovremennykh gorodov [The Ancient Megaliths in the Streets of Modern Cities]. X Kongress etnografov i antropologov Rossii : tezisy dokladov. Moskva, 2–5 iyulya 2013 g. [X Congress of Ethnographers and Anthropologists of Russia: Theses. Moscow, 2–5 July 2013]. M. : Izd-vo IEA RAN, 2013a. 223 p. [In Russian]. Марсадолов Л.С. Древние мегалиты на улицах современных городов // X Конгресс этнографов и антропологов России : тезисы докладов. Москва, 2–5 июля 2013 г. М. : Ин-т этнологии и антропологии, 2013а. С. 223.
Marsadolov L.S. Sakral’nyy landshaft v kul’ture drevnikh kochevnikov Sibiri (II–I tys. do n.e.) [The Sacred Landscape in the Culture of Ancient Nomads of Siberia (2nd–1st millennium BC)]. Sovremennaya kul’turologiya: nauchnaya shkola professora L.M. Mosolovoy : uchebnoe posobie dlya magistratov i aspirantov [Contemporary Cultural Studies: Scientific School of Professor L.M. Mosolov: a textbook for graduate students]. SPb. : Izd-vo RGPU im. A.I. Gertsena, 2013b. Pp. 481–493. [In Russian]. Марсадолов Л.С. Сакральный ландшафт в культуре древних кочевников Сибири (II–I тыс. до н.э.) // Современная культурология: научная школа профессора Л.М. Мосоловой : учебное пособие для магистратов и аспирантов. СПб. : Изд-во РГПУ им. А.И. Герцена, 2013б. С. 481–493.
Marsadolov L.S. 1200-letnyaya periodichnost’ poyavleniya “voln” kamennykh izvayaniy v Yuzhnoy Sibiri i sovremennye problemy ikh izucheniya [1200–Year Periodicity of the Appearance of the “Waves” of Stone Statues in South Siberia and the Modern Problems of Their Studying]. Drevnie i srednevekovye izvayaniya Tsentral’noy Azii : sbornik statey [ Ancient and Medieval Sculptures in Central Asia: a Collection of Articles]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2014. Pp. 68–75. [In Russian]. Марсадолов Л.С. 1200-летняя периодичность появления «волн» каменных изваяний в Южной Сибири и современные проблемы их изучения // Древние и средневековые изваяния Центральной Азии : сборник статей. Барнаул : Изд-во Алт. ун-та, 2014. С. 68–75.
Marsadolov L.S. Metodika kompleksnogo izucheniya megaliticheskikh ob”ektov [Methods of Complex Study of Megalithic Objects]. Otchet ob issledovanii Bol’shogo Salbykskogo kurgana i ego okruzheniya. Materialy Sayano-Altayskoy arkheologicheskoy ekspeditsii Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha [The Report on the research of the Big Salbyksky Mound and Its Surroundings. Materials of the SayanoAltai Archaeological Expedition of the State Hermitage]. SPb. : Izd-vo Gos. Ermitazha, 2015a. Issue 6. Pp. 146–149 [In Russian]. Марсадолов Л.С. Методика комплексного изучения мегалитических объектов // Отчет об исследовании Большого Салбыкского кургана и его окружения. Материалы Саяно-Алтайской археологической экспедиции Государственного Эрмитажа. СПб. : Изд-во Гос. Эрмитажа, 2015а. Вып. 6. С. 146–149.
Marsadolov L.S. Salbykskiy kul’turno-khronologicheskiy etap v istorii drevney Khakasii [Salbyksky Cultural and Chronological Stage in the History of Ancient Khakassia]. Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy [Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research]. 2015b. №1. Pp. 9–33. [In Russian]. Марсадолов Л.С. Салбыкский культурно-хронологический этап в истории древней Хакасии // Теория и практика археологических исследований. 2015б. №1. С. 9–33.
Marsadolov L.S., Gorshkov V.L., Paranina G.N. Paleoastronomicheskoe orientirovanie megaliticheskikh ob”ektov v Sibiri i na severo-zapade Rossii [Paleoastronomical Orientation of Megalithic Sites in Siberia and in the North-West of Russia]. Izbrannye problemy astronomii : materialy III Vserossiyskoy astronomicheskoy konferentsii “Nebo i Zemlya”, Irkutsk, 22–24 noyabrya 2011 g. [Selected Problems of Astronomy: Materials of the III All-Russian Astronomical Conference “Sky and Earth”, Irkutsk, 22– 24 November 2011. Irkutsk : Izd-vo IGU, 2011. Pp. 34–41. [In Russian]. Марсадолов Л.С., Горшков В.Л., Паранина Г.Н. Палеоастрономическое ориентирование мегалитических объектов в Сибири и на Северо-Западе России // Избранные проблемы астрономии : материалы III Всероссийской астрономической конференции «Небо и Земля», Иркутск, 22–24 ноября 2011 г. Иркутск : Изд-во ИГУ, 2011. С. 34–41.
Tishkin A.A., Gorbunov V.V., Seregin N.N., Mukhareva A.N., Iderkhangay T.O., Munkhbayar Ch. Rezul’taty arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy v Zapadnoy i Tsentral’noy Mongolii v 2014 g. [The Results of Archaeological Research in West and Central Mongolia in 2014]. Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy [Theory and practice of archaeological research]. 2015. №2 (12). Pp. 69–92. [In Russian]. Тишкин А.А., Горбунов В.В., Серегин Н.Н., Мухарева А.Н., Идерхангай Т.О., Мунхбаяр Ч. Результаты археологических исследований в Западной и Центральной Монголии в 2014 г. // Теория и практика археологических исследований. 2015. №2 (12). С. 69–92.
Khokins Dzh., Uayt Dzh. Razgadka tayny Stounkhendzha [The Key to the Mystery of Stonehenge]. M. : Mir, 1984. 256 p [In Russian]. Хокинс Дж., Уайт Дж. Разгадка тайны Стоунхенджа. М. : Мир, 1984. 256 с.
Copyright (c) 2016 Теория и практика археологических исследований
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research is a golden publisher, as we allow self-archiving, but most importantly we are fully transparent about your rights.
Authors may present and discuss their findings ahead of publication: at biological or scientific conferences, on preprint servers, in public databases, and in blogs, wikis, tweets, and other informal communication channels.
Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research allows authors to deposit manuscripts (currently under review or those for intended submission to ABS) in non-commercial, pre-print servers such as ArXiv.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
2.jpg)
