EARLY IRON AGE RITUAL OBJECT FROM SEMIYARKA IV BURIAL GROUND (Eastern Khazakstan)
Abstract
The joint research conducted over several years by the specialists from Altai State University (Barnaul, Russia), Pavlodar State University (Pavlodar, Kazakhstan), and Kemerovo State University (Kemerovo, Russia) in Eastern Kazakhstan allowed discovering interesting burial complexes dated to the Bronze Age and Early Iron age. Among them is the Andronovo burial mound Semiyarka-IV. As a result of its research in 2016, unique archaeological finds were obtained. The article is devoted to the publication and analysis of a ritual object that included a miniature pounder-altar and a ceramic vessel with signs that were found in the burial of Andronovo culture. Based on the above analogies, it can be argued that these products indicate a situation when the bearers of the Tasmola culture in the in the VIIth - VIth centuries BC reused the construction of an earlier time for their own purposes. The seven-sector sign system fixed on a ceramic vessel can reflect numerical indices of the calendar value. Subsequent special studies on deciphering this composition will clarify the proposed interpretation.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Arheologicheskaya karta Kazahstana [Archaeological Map of Kazakhstan] / In-t istorii arheologii i ehtnografii ; sost.: K.A. Akishev (otv. red.) i dr. [Institute of History of Archaeology and Ethnography; comp.: K.A. Akishev (Ed.) and others]. Alma-Ata : AN KazSSR, 1960. 450 p. [In Russian]. Археологическая карта Казахстана / Ин-т истории археологии и этнографии ; сост.: К.А. Акишев (отв. ред.) и др. Алма-Ата : АН КазССР, 1960. 450 с.
Bannikov A.L. Sakral’nye i social’nye aspekty interpretacij izobrazhenij na altarikah rannih kochevnikov Yuzhnogo Urala [Sacral and Social Aspects of the Interpretation of Images on the Altars of the Early Nomads of the Southern Urals]. Sibirskij sbornik − 1. Pogrebal’nyj obryad narodov Sibiri i sopredel’nyh territorij. Kn. I [Siberian Collection – 1. The Funeral Rite of the Peoples of Siberia and Adjacent Territories. Book I]. SPb. : MAEH RAN, 2009. Pp. 167–175 [In Russian]. Банников А.Л. Сакральные и социальные аспекты интерпретаций изображений на алтариках ранних кочевников Южного Урала // Сибирский сборник − 1. Погребальный обряд народов Сибири и сопредельных территорий. Кн. I. СПб. : МАЭ РАН, 2009. С. 167–175.
Bejsenov A.Z. Okolokurgannye zhertvenniki kak raznovidnost’ pamyatnikov tasmolinskoj kul’tury [Near the Mound Altars as a Kind of Tasmolinskaya Culture Site]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Istoriya [Tomsk State University Bulletin. History]. 2015. №4 (36). Pp. 96–104 [In Russian]. Бейсенов А.З. Околокурганные жертвенники как разновидность памятников тасмолинской культуры // Вестник Томского государственного университета. История. 2015. №4 (36). С. 96–104.
Bejsenov A.Z. Ob astronomicheskih issledovaniyah na kurganah s gryadami (po povodu stat’I N.M. Bekbasarova «Kurgan s „usami“ na r. Saga: astronomicheskoe soderzhanie ego ehlementov») [About Astronomical Studies on the Mounds with Ridges (regarding the article by N.M. Bekbasarov “A Barrow with Ridges on the Saga River: Astronomical Content of Its Elements”)]. Voprosy arheologii Kazahstana [Questions of Archaeology of Kazakhstan]. 1998. Issue 2. Pp. 171–175 [In Russian]. Бейсенов А.З. Об астрономических исследованиях на курганах с грядами (по поводу статьи Н.М. Бекбасарова «Курган с „усами“ на р. Сага: астрономическое содержание его элементов») // Вопросы археологии Казахстана. 1998. Вып. 2. С. 171–175.
Vodolazhskaya L.N., Usachuk A.N., Nevskij M.Yu. Astronomicheskaya interpretaciya znakov na sosude ehpohi bronzy (Central’nyj Donbass) [Astronomical Interpretation of Signs on the Vessel of the Bronze Age (Central Donbass)]. Archaeoastronomy and Ancient Technologies. 2015. №3(2). Pp. 43–60 [In Russian]. Водолажская Л.Н., Усачук А.Н., Невский М.Ю. Астрономическая интерпретация знаков на сосуде эпохи бронзы (Центральный Донбасс) // Archaeoastronomy and Ancient Technologies. 2015. №3(2). С. 43–60.
Zaharova E.Yu. Sosudy so znakami srubnoj obshchnosti ehpohi pozdnej bronzy [Vessels with Signs of the Srubna Community of the Late Bronze Age]. Voronezh : Izd-vo CCHKI, 2000. 163 p. [In Russian]. Захарова Е.Ю. Сосуды со знаками срубной общности эпохи поздней бронзы. Воронеж : Изд-во ЦЧКИ, 2000. 163 с.
Kadyrbaev M.K. Pamyatniki tasmolinskoj kul’tury [The Sites of the Tasmolinskaya Culture]. Margulan A.K., Akishev K.A., Kadyrbaev M.K., Orazbaev A.M. Drevnyaya kul’tura Central’nogo Kazahstana [Ancient Culture of Central Kazakhstan]. Alma-Ata : Nauka, 1966. Pp. 303–433 [In Russian]. Кадырбаев М.К. Памятники тасмолинской культуры // Маргулан А.X., Акишев К.А., Кадырбаев М.К., Оразбаев А.М. Древняя культура Центрального Казахстана. Алма-Aтa : Наука, 1966. С. 303–433.
Kiryushin Yu.F., Stepanova N.F., Tishkin A.A. Skifskaya ehpoha Gornogo Altaya. Ch. II: Pogrebal’no-pominal’nye kompleksy pazyrykskoj kul’tury [Scythian Era of Altai. Part II: Funeral and Memorial Complexes of the Pazyryk Culture]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2003. 234 p. [In Russian]. Кирюшин Ю.Ф., Степанова Н.Ф., Тишкин А.А. Скифская эпоха Горного Алтая. Ч. II: Погребально-поминальные комплексы пазырыкской культуры. Барнаул : Изд-во Алт. ун-та, 2003. 234 с.
Konopleva K.G. Istoriya izucheniya kamennyh zhertvennikov rannih kochevnikov Evrazii [The History of the Study of Stone Altars of the Early Nomads of Eurasia]. Nauka YuUrGU : materialy 67-j nauchnoj konferencii. Sekcii social’no-gumanitarnyh nauk [Science SUSU: Proceedings of the 67th Scientific Conference. Section of the Social Sciences and Humanities]. CHelyabinsk : Izd-vo YuUrGU, 2015. Pp. 527–532 [In Russian]. Коноплева К.Г. История изучения каменных жертвенников ранних кочевников Евразии // Наука ЮУрГУ : материалы 67-й научной конференции. Секции социально-гуманитарных наук. Челябинск : Изд-во ЮУрГУ, 2015. С. 527–532.
Kurmankulov Zh.K. Novye materialy VIII–VII vv. iz Central’nogo Kazahstana [New Materials of the VIIIth – VIIth Centuries from Central Kazakhstan]. Margulanovskie chteniya [Margulan Readings]. Alma-Ata : Izd-vo IIAEh AN KazSSR, 1989. Pp. 145–147 [In Russian]. Курманкулов Ж.К. Новые материалы VIII–VII вв. из Центрального Казахстана // Маргулановские чтения. Алма-Ата : Изд-во ИИАЭ АН КазССР, 1989. С. 145–147.
Margaryan K.G., Tairov A.D. Kamennye zhertvenniki Severnogo Kazahstana [Stone Altars of Northern Kazakhstan]. Vestnik Yuzhno-Ural’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser. : Social’no-gumanitarnye nauki [Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser.: Social and Human Sciences]. 2017. Vol. 17, Issue 2. Pp. 26–37 [In Russian]. Маргарян К.Г., Таиров А.Д. Каменные жертвенники Северного Казахстана // Вестник Южно-Уральского государственного университета. Сер. : Социально-гуманитарные науки. 2017. Т. 17, вып. 2. С. 26–37.
Marikovskij P.I. O drevnih astronomicheskih sooruzheniyah na territorii Kazahstana [About Ancient Astronomical Structures in Kazakhstan]. Vestnik Akademii nauk KazSSR [Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR]. 1977. Issue 5. Pp. 54–61 [In Russian]. Мариковский П.И. О древних астрономических сооружениях на территории Казахстана // Вестник Академии наук КазССР. 1977. Вып. 5. С. 54–61.
Marikovskij P.I. K izucheniyu astronomicheskogo znacheniya kurganov s gryadkami [To the Study of the Astronomical Significance of Mounds with Ridges]. Vestnik Akademii nauk KazSSR [Bulletin of the Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences]. 1983. Issue 4. Pp. 26–31 [In Russian]. Мариковский П.И. К изучению астрономического значения курганов с грядками // Вестник Академии наук КазССР. 1983. Вып. 4. С. 26–31.
Merc V.K. Arheologicheskie raboty v Beskaragae [Archaeological Work in Beskaragai]. Altaj v sisteme metallurgicheskih provincij bronzovogo veka [Altai in the System of Metallurgical Provinces of the Bronze Age]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. unt-ta, 2006. Pp. 73–82 [In Russian]. Мерц В.К. Археологические работы в Бескарагае // Алтай в системе металлургических провинций бронзового века. Барнаул : Изд-во Алт. унт-та, 2006. С. 73–82.
Merc V.K. Semiyarskoe poselenie bronzovogo veka v kontekste problemy formirovaniya protogorodskoj kul’tury v Verhnem Priirtysh’e [The Semiyar Settlement of the Bronze Age in the Context of the Problem of the Formation of the Proto-City Culture in the Upper Irtysh]. Mir Bol’shogo Altaya [World of Big Altai]. 2017. №3 (4). Pp. 495–509 [In Russian]. Мерц В.К. Семиярское поселение бронзового века в контексте проблемы формирования протогородской культуры в Верхнем Прииртышье // Мир Большого Алтая. 2017. №3 (4). С. 495–509.
[Moshkova M.G. Naznachenie kamennyh «zhertvennikov» i «savromatskaya» arheologicheskaya kul’tura [The Designation of Stone “Altars” and “Savromat” Archaeological Culture]. Skify i sarmaty v VII–III vv. do n.eh.: paleoehkologiya, antropologiya i arheologiya [Scythians and Sarmatians in the VIIth –IIIrd Centuries BC: Paleoecology, Anthropology and Archaeology. M. : Izd-vo IA RAN, 2000. Pp. 201–215 [In Russian]. Мошкова М.Г. Назначение каменных «жертвенников» и «савроматская» археологическая культура // Скифы и сарматы в VII–III вв. до н.э.: палеоэкология, антропология и археология. М. : Изд-во ИА РАН, 2000. С. 201–215.
Polnoe sobranie uchenyh puteshestvij po Rossii, izdavaemoe Imperatorskoyu Akademiej Nauk, po predlozheniyu ee prezidenta. Tom sed’moj. Zaklyuchayushchij v sebe dopolnitel’nye stat’i k Zapiskam Puteshestviya Akademika Fal’ka [The Complete Collection of Scientific Trips in Russia, Published by the Imperial Academy of Sciences, at the Suggestion of its President. Volume Seven. Containing Additional Articles to Academic Falk’s Travel Notes]. SPb. : Imperatorskaya Akademiya Nauk, 1825. 233 p. [In Russian]. Полное собрание ученых путешествий по России, издаваемое Императорскою Академией Наук, по предложению ее президента. Том седьмой. Заключающий в себе дополнительные статьи к Запискам Путешествия Академика Фалька. СПб. : Императорская Академия Наук, 1825. 233 с.
Smirnov K.F. Savromaty. Rannyaya istoriya i kul’tura sarmatov [Early History and Culture of the Sarmatians]. M.: Nauka, 1964. 380 p. [In Russian]. Смирнов К.Ф. Савроматы. Ранняя история и культура сарматов. М. : Наука, 1964. 380 с.
Tishkin A.A., Merc I.V., Frolov Ya.V. Izdelie ehpohi bronzy iz Rodinskogo rajonnogo muzeya (Altajskij kraj) [Product of the Bronze Age from the Rodinsky District Museum (Altai Territory)]. Teoriya i praktika arheologicheskih issledovanij [Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research]. 2016. №2 (14). Pp. 123–136 [In Russian]. Тишкин А.А., Мерц И.В., Фролов Я.В. Изделие эпохи бронзы из Родинского районного музея (Алтайский край) // Теория и практика археологических исследований. 2016. №2 (14). С. 123–136.
Frolov Ya.V. Pogrebal’nyj obryad naseleniya Barnaul’skogo Priob’ya v VI v. do n.eh. – II v. n.eh. (po dannym gruntovyh mogil’nikov) [The Funeral Ceremony of the Population of Barnaul Priobye in the VIth BC – IInd AD (according to soil burial grounds). Barnaul : Azbuka, 2008. 479 p. [In Russian]. Фролов Я.В. Погребальный обряд населения Барнаульского Приобья в VI в. до н.э. – II в. н.э. (по данным грунтовых могильников). Барнаул : Азбука, 2008. 479 с.
Habdulina M.K. Stepnoe Priishim’e v ehpohu rannego zheleza [Steppe Priishimye in the Era of the Early Iron Age]. Almaty : Rakurs, 1994. 170 p. [In Russian]. Хабдулина М.К. Степное Приишимье в эпоху раннего железа. Алматы: Ракурс, 1994. 170 с.
Cetlin Yu.B. Drevnyaya keramika. Teoriya i metody istoriko-kul’turnogo podhoda [Ancient Pottery.Theory and Methods of Historical and Cultural Approach]. M. : IA RAN, 2012. 384 p. [In Russian]. Цетлин Ю.Б. Древняя керамика. Теория и методы историко-культурного подхода. М. : ИА РАН, 2012. 384 с.
Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research is a golden publisher, as we allow self-archiving, but most importantly we are fully transparent about your rights.
Authors may present and discuss their findings ahead of publication: at biological or scientific conferences, on preprint servers, in public databases, and in blogs, wikis, tweets, and other informal communication channels.
Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research allows authors to deposit manuscripts (currently under review or those for intended submission to ABS) in non-commercial, pre-print servers such as ArXiv.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
2.jpg)
