BONE (HORN) ARROWHEADS OF THE POPULATION OF ALTAI IN ROURAN TIME (on the materials of the archaeological complex Choburak-I)
Keywords:
Altai, Rouran time, Choburak-I, bone (horn) arrowheads, morphological analysis, classification, typology, chronology
Abstract
The article presents the results of the systematization and analysis of the bone (horn) arrowheads discovered during excavations of the objects of the Rouran time of the archaeological complex Choburak-I (Northern Altai). The classification of 14 items recorded in five male burials of the site was carried out. It was established that in the analyzed collection there are both already known and specific types of arrowheads, some of which do not have exact analogies in the materials of the Bulan-Koby culture. An analysis of the indicated group of finds showed that arrowheads with petiolate were developed on the basis of local samples from the preceding Xianbei period. These products existed for a long period (apparently, in the framework of the 2nd–5th centuries AD). Arrowheads with a protruding barrel-shaped sleeve date from the 2nd quarter of the 1st millennium AD. Significant similarity of such products with specimens from the sites of the Burkhotui culture of the 4th–6th centuries AD may indicate the orientation of the bone carving production of the population of Altai and East Transbaikalia to the common “samples” of the material culture of one of the Xianbei ethnic groups. The arrowhead with a clamping nozzle differs in a certain originality, which, according to its typological characteristics, refers to fairly late modifications. A comparative study of clamping and sleeve arrowheads demonstrates the continuity of bone carving production of the late Bulan-Koby culture and the early Turks of Altai.
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References
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Gryaznov M.P. Istoriya drevnih plemen Verhnej Obi po raskopkam bliz s. Bol’shaya Rechka [The History of the Ancient Tribes of the Upper Ob through Excavations Near the village of Bol’shaya Rechka]. M.; L. : Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1956. 162 р. (MIA; №48).
Derevyanko A.P., Molodin V.I. Denisova peshchera. Ch. 1 [Denisova Cave. Part 1]. Novosibirsk : Izd-vo In-ta arheologii i etnografii SO RAN, 1994. 260 р.
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Kovychev E.V. Nekotorye voprosy etnicheskoj i kul’turnoj istorii Vostochnogo Zabajkal’ya v konce I tys. do n.e. – I tys. n.e. [Some Questions of the Ethnic and Cultural History of East Transbaikalia at the End of the 1st Millennium BC – I Millennium AD]. Izvestiya laboratorii drevnih tekhnologij [Proceedings of the Laboratory of Ancient Technologies]. Irkutsk : Izd-vo Irkut. teh. un-ta, 2006. Vyp. 4. Рр. 242–258.
Kocheev V.A., Surazakov A.S. Arheologicheskie issledovaniya v bassejne r. Koir [Archaeological Research in the Coir River Basin]. Drevnosti Altaya [Antiquities of Altai]. 2003. №10. Рр. 70–83.
Kungurova N.Yu., Abdulganeev M.T. Majminskaya kul’tura. Po materialam poselenij Salaira i Predaltajskoj ravniny 1-j pol. I tys. n.e. [Maiminskaya Culture. Based on Materials from the Settlements of Salair and the Pre-Altai Plain, the 1st Floor. The 1st Millennium BC]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2019. 214 р.
Litvincev A.Yu. Pogrebeniya epohi srednevekov’ya raznovremennogo mogil’nika v padi Kangil [Burials of the Middle Ages of a Multi-Time Burial Ground in Kangil Pad]. Zapiski Nerchinskogo kraevedcheskogo
muzeya [Notes of the Nerchinsk Museum of Local Lore]. 2006. №2. Рр. 35–40.
Mamadakov Yu.T. Kul’tura naseleniya Central’nogo Altaya v pervoj polovine I tys. n.e.: dis. … kand.
ist. nauk [The Culture of the Population of Central Altai in the First Half of the 1st Millennium AD: Dis. ... Cand. Hist. of Sciences]. Novosibirsk, 1990. 317 р.
Mamadakov Yu.T., Gorbunov V.V. Drevnetyurkskie kurgany mogil’nika Katanda-3 [Ancient Turkic Mounds of Katanda-3 Burial Ground]. Izvestiya laboratorii arheologii [Bulletin of the Archaeology Laboratory]. 1997. №2. Рр. 115–129.
Matrenin S.S., Seregin N.N. Kostyanye (rogovye) nakonechniki strel kochevnikov Altaya rubezha drevnosti i srednevekov’ya [Bone (Horn) Arrowheads of Altai Nomads at the Turn of Antiquity and the Middle Ages]. Izvestiya Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [News of Altai State University]. 2019. №3 (107). Рр. 104–113.
Sal’nikova I.V. Kostyanye nakonechniki strel iz drevnetyurkskih pamyatnikov Gornogo Altaya [Bone Arrowheads from the Ancient Turkic Sites of the Altai Mountains]. Pamyatniki kul’tury drevnih tyurok Yuzhnoj Sibiri i Central’noj Azii [The Sites of Culture of the Ancient Turks of South Siberia and Central Asia]. Novosibirsk : Izd-vo Novosib. un-ta, 1999. Рр. 150–156.
Soenov V.I. Kompleks vooruzheniya naseleniya Verhnej Katuni v gunno-sarmatskuyu epohu [The Armament Complex of the Population of Upper Katun in the Hun-Sarmatian Era]. Snaryazhenie kochevnikov Evrazii [Equipment of Nomads of Eurasia]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2005. Рр. 52–55.
Soenov V.I. Narushennoe voinskoe pogrebenie na mogil’nike Verh-Ujmon [Disturbed Military Burial at the Verkh-Uimon Burial Ground]. Drevnosti Sibiri i Central’noj Azii [Antiquities of Siberia and Central Asia]. 2017. №8 (20). Рр. 117–142.
Soenov V.I., Konstantinov N.A., Trifanova S.V. Mogil’nik Stepushka-2 v Central’nom Altae [The Stepushka-2 Burial Ground in Central Altai] [Jelektronnyj resurs] [Electronic Resource]. Gorno-Altajsk, 2018. 242 р.
Soenov V.I., Ebel’ A.V. Kurgany gunno-sarmatskoj epohi na Verhnej Katuni [Mounds of the Xiongnu-Sarmatian Era on the Upper Katun]. Gorno-Altajsk : GAGPI, 1992. 116 р.
Teterin Yu.V. Vooruzhenie kochevnikov Gornogo Altaya berel’skoj epohi [Armament of Nomads of the Altai Mountains of the Berel Era]. Voennoe delo narodov Sibiri i Central’noj Azii [Military Affairs of the Peoples of Siberia and Central Asia]. Novosibirsk : Izd-vo Novosib. un-ta, 2004. Рр. 37–82 (Trudy gumanitarnogo fakul’teta NGU. Ser. II. Vyp. 1).
Tishkin A.A., Gorbunov V.V. Kompleks arheologicheskih pamyatnikov v doline r. Bijke (Gornyj Altaj) [The Complex of Archaeological Sites in the Biyke River Valley (Altai Mountains)]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2005. 200 р.
Tishkin A.A., Matrenin S.S., Shmidt A.V. Altaj v syan’bijsko-zhuzhanskoe vremya (po materialam pamyatnika Stepushka) [Altai in the Syanbi-Zhuzhansk Time (Based on the Materials of the Stepushka Site)]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2018. 268 р. (Arheologicheskie pamyatniki Altaya. Vyp. 3).
Troickaya T.N. Kulajskaya kul’tura v Novosibirskom Priob’e [The Kulay Culture in Novosibirsk Priob’e]. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1979. 125 р.
Troickaya T.N., Novikov A.V. Verhneobskaya kul’tura v Novosibirskom Priob’e [The Upper Ob Culture in Novosibirsk Priob’e]. Novosibirsk : Izd-vo In-ta arheologii i etnografii SO RAN, 1998. 152 р.
Hudyakov Yu.S. Vooruzhenie kochevnikov Gornogo Altaya hunnskogo vremeni (po materialam raskopok mogil’nika Ust’-Edigan) [Armament of Nomads of the Altai Mountains of the Xiongnu Time (Based on Excavations of the Ust-Edigan Cemetery)]. Izvestiya laboratorii arheologii [Bulletin of the Archaeology Laboratory]. 1997. №2. Рр. 28–37.
Hudyakov Yu.S. Vooruzhenie srednevekovyh kochevnikov Yuzhnoj Sibiri i Central’noj Azii [Armament of the Medieval Nomads of South Siberia and Central Asia]. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1986. 268 р.
Hudyakov Yu.S. Vooruzhenie central’noaziatskih kochevnikov v epohu rannego i razvitogo srednevekov’ya [Armament of Central Asian Nomads in the Era of the Early and Developed Middle Ages]. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1991. 190 р.
Hudyakov Yu.S. Kostyanye nakonechniki strel iz mogil’nika Ulug-Choltuh doliny r. Edigan v Gornom Altae (iz raskopok Yuzhno-Sibirskogo otryada 2008 g.) [Bone Arrowheads from the Burial Ground of Ulug-Choltukh Eiver Valley. Edigan in the Altai Mountains (from the Excavations of the South Siberian Detachment 2008)] Gumanitarnye nauki v Sibiri [Humanities in Siberia]. 2014. №2. Рр. 33–36.
Hudyakov Yu.S. Opyt sistematizacii predmetov vooruzheniya distancionnogo boya iz pamyatnikov ajrydashskogo tipa hunno-syan’bijskoj epohi v Gornom Altae [The Experience of Systematization of Armament Items of Remote Combat from the Ayrdash Type Sites of the Xiongnu-Xianbi Era in the Altai Mountains]. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of Novosibirsk State University]. Ser.: Istoriya, filologiya. 2016. T. 15, №5. Рр. 20–30.
Hudyakov Yu.S. Predmety vooruzheniya iz pamyatnika Ulug-Choltuh v Gornom Altae [Weapons from the Ulug-Choltukh Site in the Altai Mountains]. Materialy po voennoj arheologii Altaya i sopredel’nyh territorij [Materials on the Military Archaeology of Altai and Adjacent Territories]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2002. Рр. 79–87.
Cevendorzh D., Bayar D., Cerendagva Ya., Ochirhuyag C. Arheologiya Mongolii [Archaeology of Mongolia]. Ulanbaatar, 2008. 239 р.
Ebel’ A.V. Vooruzhenie i voennoe delo naseleniya Gornogo Altaya v gunno-sarmatskuyu epohu: dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Armament and Military Affairs of the Population of Gorny Altai in the Xiongnu-Sarmatian era: Dis. ... Cand. Hist. Sciences]. Barnaul, 1998. 198 р.
Yaremchuk O.A. Mogil’nik Zorgol-I – pamyatnik hunno-syan’bijskoj epohi stepnoj Daurii: dis. … kand. ist. Nauk [The Burial Ground Zorgol-I is a Site of the Xiongnu-Xiambei Era of the Steppe Dauria: Dis. ... Cand. Hist. of Sciences]. Chita, 2005. 296 р.
Published
2020-03-19
How to Cite
Seregin N., Tishkin A., Matrenin S., Parshikova T. BONE (HORN) ARROWHEADS OF THE POPULATION OF ALTAI IN ROURAN TIME (on the materials of the archaeological complex Choburak-I) // THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 2020. Vol. 29, № 1. P. 88-99 DOI: 10.14258/tpai(2020)1(29).-05. URL: http://journal.asu.ru/tpai/article/view/%2829%29.-05.
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MATERIAL ANALYSIS IN ARCHAEOLOGY
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