ARCHAEOLOGICAL CULTURE WITH BIFACES IN THE UPPER PALAEOLITHIC OF TRANSBAIKALIA
Keywords:
Upper Palaeolithic, stone industry, archaeological culture, archaeological site, Western Transbaikal, Eastern Transbaikalia
Abstract
On the base of the results obtained during the research at the archaeological site Barun-Alan-1 in the east of Western Transbaikalia, the industry distinctive from the earlier-known industries of Palaeolithic sites in this region was recognized. This industry became the base for the distinguishing of the new archaeological culture with the name of Khengerectae. However, the culture included materials only from one site. The question of the culture’s territorial distribution was open. The discovering in 2015 of a new archaeological site with the Palaeolithic materials similar to Khengerectae industry did not solve the problem because both sites are situated in 500 m from one another. A truly change of the view on the Khengerectae culture spatial coverage became possible after the comparative investigations of the materials from Khengerectae culture and the Palaeolithic site Sukhotino-4, which is located in 250 km to the east from Barun-Alan-1 (Chita sity suburb, west oft he Eastern Transbaikalia). Based on the investigation, we identify the a great degree of similarity between Khengerectae and Sukhotino-4 materials, the sites show the identity in a set of characteristics. The most pronounced feature in two industries is the manufacturing of bifaces as tools. The investigations show that these industries developed synchronously at the Sartan glaciation (MIS2). Resulting from their similarity it is proposed to consider them in the frame of one culture with a new name Khengerectae-Sukhotino.
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References
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Kasparov A.K. Ostatki mlekopitaushchih iz pozdnepaleoliticheskogo poseleniya Suhotino-4 v Zabajkal’e [Mammalian Remains from Late Upper Palaeolithic Settlement Sukhotino-4 in Transbaikalia]. Trudy zoologicheskogo institua AN SSSR [Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of AS USSSR]. 1986. N149. Pp. 98–106.
Kirillov I.I. Zabajkal’skij paleolit v svete novyh otkrytij [Transbaikalian Palaeolithic Age in the Light of New Discoveries]. Problemy issledovaniya kamennogo veka Evrazii [The Research Problems of the Eurasian stone Age]. Krasnoyarsk : Izd-vo Krasnoyarskogo gos. ped. in-ta, 1984. Pp. 46–48.
Kirillov I.I. Novye dannye o poselenii drevnekamennogo veka Suhotino-4 iz Vostochnogo Zabajkal’ya [New Data about the Settlement of Ancient Stone Age Sukhotino-4 from Eastern Transbaikal]. Pamyatniki drevnih kultur Sibiri i Dal’nego Vostoka [The Sites of the Ancient Cultures in Siberia and Far East]. Novosibirsk: Institut istorii, filologii i filosofii SO RAN SSSR, 1986. Pp. 146–147.
Kirillov I.I. Paleoliticheskie stoyanki Sohatino (Titovskaya sopka) [Palaeolothic Sites of the Sokhatino (Titovskaya Mountain)]. Voprosy kraevedeniya Zabajkal’ya [The Questions of the Local Studies]. Chita : Upravlenie izdatel’stv, tipografii i knizhnoi torgovli Chitinskogo oblispolkoma, 1973. Is. 1. Pp. 168–183.
Kirillov I.I. Predmety izobrazitel’nogo iskusstva paleoliticheskogo poseleniya Sohatino IV (Titovskaya sopka) [The Items of Artwork from the Palaeolithic Settlement Sokhatino IV (Titovskaya Mountain)]. Zveri v kamne [Animals in Stone]. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1980. Pp. 239–246.
Kirillov I.I. Hozyajstvenno-bytovye kompleksy i nekotorye gruppy artefactov kak svidetel’stva razvitiya duhovnoj kul’tury i zarozhdeniya nauchnih znanij v pozdnem paleolite (na primere mnogoslojnogo poseleniya Suhotino-4) [Household Units and Some Groups of Artifacts as Evidences of the Spiritual Culture Development and the Inception of the Scientific Knowledge in the Late Palaeolithic (on the example of the multilayered settlement Sukhotino-4)]. Kul’turno-istoricheskie formy povedeniya cheloveka [Cultural and Historical Forms of Human Behavior]. Chita : Poisk, 2003. Pp. 3–11.
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Moroz P.V. Obshchij neutilitarnyj iznos na syr’o iz Titovskoj Sopki: eksperimental’nye dannye [General Non-Utilitarian Wear on the Raw Materials from Titovskaya Sopka: Experimental Data]. Gumanitarnyj vector [Humanitarian Vector]. 2019. Vol. 14, N 6. Pp. 46–56. DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2019-14-6-46-56.
Mochanov Yu.A. Drevnejishie etapy zaseleniya chelovekom Severo-Vostochnoj Azii [The Earliest Stages of the Settlement of Man by Northeast Asia]. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1977. 264 p.
Mochanov Yu.A. Dyuktajiskaya bifasial’naya tradiciya paleolita Severnoj Azii (istoriya ee vydeleniya i izucheniya) [The Duktai Bifacial Tradition of the Paleolithic of North Asia (the history of its determining and study)]. Yakutsk : Izd-vo Akademii nauk Respubliki Saha (Yakutiya), 2007, 200 p.
Okladnikov A.P., Kirillov I.I. Yugo-Vostochnoe Zabajkal’e v epohu kamnya i rannej bronzy [South-Eastern Transbaikalia in Stone Age and Early Bronze Age]. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1980. 278 p.
Tashak V.I. Arheologicheskoe mestonahozhdenie Sloistaya Skala v Zapadnom Zabajkal’e: novye dannye o kul’ture Hengerecte [Archaeological Site Sloistaya Skala in the Western Transbaikalia: New Data on the Khengerekte Culture]. Teoriya i praktika arheologicheskih issledovanij [Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research]. 2019a. №2 (26). С. 35–46. DOI: 10.14258/tpai(2019)2(26).-03.
Tashak V.I. Bifasialnye izdeliya v paleolite Zabajkal’ya [Bifacial Tools in Paleolithic of Transbaikal]. Aktualnye problemy arheologii Sibiri i Dal’nego Vostoka [Topical Problems of Siberian and Far East Archaeology]. Ussurijsk : Izd-vo Ussurijskogo gos. ped. in-ta, 2011. Pp. 130–140.
Tashak V.I. K obosnovaniyu novoji arheologicheskoj kul’tury v verhnem paleolite Zabajkal’ya [To the Grounds of New Archaeological Culture in Upper Paleolithic of Zabaikalie]. Vestnik Buryatskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. [Buryat State University Bulletin]. 2010. Vol. 8. Pp. 234–241.
Tashak V.I. Mestonahozhdenie Arshan-Hunduj [Arshan-Khundui Site]. Bajkalskaya Sibir’ v drevnosti. Vyp. 2, ch. 1 [Baikal Siberia in Ancient Times. Is. 2, Vol. 1]. Irkutsk : Irkutskij gos. ped. un-t, 2000. Pp. 161–180.
Tashak V.I. Novye issledovaniya po hronologii Barun-Alana-1 (Respublika Buryatiya) [New Research on Chronology of Barun-Alan-1 site (the Republic of Buryatia)]. Izvestiya Laboratorii drevnih tehnologij [Journal of Ancient Technology Laboratory]. 2019b. Vol. 15, No. 1. Pp. 9–19. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2415-8739-2019-1-9-19.
Tashak V.I. Paleoliticheskaya kul’tura hengerekte v Zabajkal’e [Palaeolithic Culture Hengerectae in Transbaikal]. Drevnie kul’tury Mongolii i Bajkalskoi Sibiri [Ancient Cultures of Mongolia and Baikalian Siberia]. Chita : Izd-vo ZabGU, 2013. Vol. 1. Pp. 196–201.
Tashak V.I. Paleoliticheskie i mezoliticheskie pamyatniki Ust’-Kyahty [Paleolithic and Mesolithic Sites of Ust-Kyakhta]. Ulan-Ude : Izd-vo Buryatskogo nauchnogo centra SO RAN, 2005a. 130 p.
Tashak V.I. Paleoliticheskie materialy drevnego poseleniya Henger-Tyn-3 «Svyatilishche» [Paeolithic Materials of the Ancient Settlement Khenger-Tyn-3 “Svyatilishce”]. Paleoliticheskie kul’tury Zabajkal’ya i Mongolii (novye pamyatniki, metody, gipotezy [Palaeolithic Cultures of Transbaikalia and Mongoliya (new sites, methods, gipothesis]. Novosibirsk : Izd-vo In-ta arheologii i etnografii SO RAN, 2005b. Pp. 41–55.
Tashak V.I. Plastiny v industrii sloya 7g paleoliticheskogo mestonahozhdeniya Barun-Alan-1 v Zapadnom Zabajkal’e [The Blades in the Industry of Layer 7g of the Paleolithic Site Barun-Alan-1 in Transbaikalia]. Teoriya I practika arheologicheskih issledovanij [Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research]. 2018a. №4(24). Pp. 39–54.
Tashak V.I. Stratigrafiya i hronologiya paleoliticheskikh pamyatnikov gory Hengerekte (Zapadnoe Zabajkal’e) [Stratigraphy and Chronology of Khengerekte Mountain’s Paleolithic Sites (Western Transbaikalia)]. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoriya, filologiya [The Bulletin of Novosibirsk State University. Series History and Philology]. 2009. Vol. 8, Is. 3. Pp. 53–62.
Tashak V.I. Tehnika levallua v paleolite Zabajkal’ya [Levallois Technique in the Paleolithic of Transbaikalia]. STRATUM plus. 2018b. №1. Pp. 327–338.
Tetenkin A.V. Mnogoslojnyj pamyatnik Kovrizhka III na Nizhnem Vitime [Multilayered site Kovrizhka III on the Lower Vitim]. Stratum plus. 2016. Is. 1. Pp. 265–315.
Tetenkin A.V. Problema kul’turnoj variabel’nosti arheologicheskih kompleksov final’nogo plejstocena–rannego golocena Nizhnego Vitima [The Problem of Cultural Variability of the Archaeological Assemblages of Final Pleistocene on the Lower Vitim]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Istoriya [Tomsk State University Journal of History]. 2013. №2 (22). Pp. 104–107.
Tetenkin A.V., Anry A., Klement’ev A.M. Kovrizhka IV: pozdnepaleoliticheskij kompleks 6-go kul’turnogo gorizonta [Kovrizhka IV: Upper Paleolithic Complex of the 6th Cultural Horizon]. Arheologicheskie vesti [Archaeological News]. 2017. Is. 23. Pp. 33–55.
Cherenshchikov O.Yu. Kostyanoj inventar’ i predmety iskusstva iz mnogoslojnogo poseleniya Suhotino-4 (Vostochnoe Zabajkal’e) [Bone Toolkit and Art Items from Multilayered Settlement Sukhotino-4 (Eastern Transbaikalia)]. Problemy arheologii Sibiri i Dal’nego Vostoka [The Problems of the Archaeology of Siberia and Far East]. Irkutsk : Izd-vo Irkutskogo gos. un-ta,1985. Pp. 15–16.
Cherenshchikov O.Yu. Nizhnij kompleks mnogoslojnogo poseleniya Suhotino-4 i ego mesto v paleolite Severnoj Azii : dis. ... kand. ist. nauk [The Lower Complex of the Multilayered Settlement Sukhotino-4 and its Place in the Paleolithic of North Asia: Thesis of Candidate of Historical Sciences]. Chita: [B.i.], 1998. 215 p.
Published
2020-09-02
How to Cite
Tashak V. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CULTURE WITH BIFACES IN THE UPPER PALAEOLITHIC OF TRANSBAIKALIA // THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 2020. Vol. 31, № 3. P. 119-133 DOI: 10.14258/tpai(2020)3(31).-10. URL: http://journal.asu.ru/tpai/article/view/%2831%29.-10.
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