Investigation of a Medieval Production Workshop at the Bytygai Settlement
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of new archaeological data obtained as a result of the study of the Bytygai settlement. The site is located in the vicinity of the village of Korgalzhin, Akmola region (Republic of Kazakhstan). The materials obtained in the study of the production workshop are introduced into scientific circulation. The site, in combination with other objects, forms a single urban and technological center that exists on the territory of the Tengiz-Korgalzhin region and even the whole of Central Kazakhstan. The object and other structures investigated in 2021 at the Bytygai settlement have a set of characteristic features and signs of the Timurid architectural style and according to preliminary data date back to the 14th -15th centuries.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Ageeva E.I., Paсevich G.I. From the History of Settlements and Cities of Southern Kazakhstan. Trudy IIAE AN KazSSR = Proceedings of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. Ama-Ata : Izd-vo Akademii nauk Kazahskoj SSR, 1958. Vol. 5. Pp. 97–101. (In Russ.)
Azhigali S.E. Nomad Architecture. The Phenomenon of History and Culture of Eurasia (the sites of the Aral-Caspian region). Almaty : NIC “Gylym”, 2002. 652 p. (In Russ.)
Akishev K.A. Preliminary Results of Excavations of the Medieval Settlement Bozok (1999–2001). Bozok v panorame srednevekovyh kul’tur Evrazii = Bozok in the Panorama of Medieval Cultures of Eurasia. Astana : Eurasian National University. L.N. Gumilyov, 2008. Pp. 20–24. (In Russ.)
Akishev K.A., Bajpakov K.M., Erzakovich L.B. Ancient Otrar (topography, stratigraphy, perspectives). AN KazSSR. Institut istorii, arheologii i etnografii im. CH.CH. Valihanova = Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography Named after Ch. Ch. Valikhanov. Alma-Ata : Nauka, 1972. 215 p. (In Russ.)
Akishev K.A., Khabdulina M.K. Medieval Settlement Buzok: Semantics of Planigraphy and Functions. Etnicheskoe vzaimodejstvie na YUzhnom Urale = Ethnic Interaction in the South Urals. Chelyabinsk : Rifej, 2004. Pp. 13–16. (In Russ.)
Andrusenko N.N. Supplement to the List of Birds of the Kurgaldzhinsky Reserve. Zoologicheskij ezhegodnik Kazahstana i Central’noj Azii = Zoological Yearbook of Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Selevinia. Almaty : Institute of Zoology, 2002. Pp. 122–125. (In Russ.)
Archival reports TsKAE-1974. Katalog. Bytygaj, Sylu-Tam (istoriko-arheologicheskie materialy) = Catalog. Bytygay, Sylu-Tam (historical and archaeological materials). Alma-Ata, 1975. (In Russ.)
Bajpakov K.M. Medieval Cities of Kazakhstan on the Great Silk Road. Almaty : Gylym, 1998. 212 p. (In Russ.)
Bajpakov K.M., Smalov E.A., Akhatov Ғ.A. Ortakasalyk Zhaiyk kala zhurty. Medieval Settlement Zhaiyk. The Medieval Jaiyk Site. Almaty : Credo, 2005. 221 p. (In Russ.)
Beisenov A.Z. On the Meaning of the Term “Arch” in the Areas of the Settlement of the Turkic-Speaking Peoples of the Central Asian-Kazakhstan Region. Osh i Fergana: arheologiya, novoe vremya, kul’turogenez, etnogenez = Osh and Fegrana: Archaeology, New Time, Cultural Genesis, Ethnogenesis. Bishkek : Miras, 2000. Pp. 113–116. (In Russ.)
Bronevsky S.B. Notes of Major General Bronevsky about the Kirghiz-Kaisaks of the Middle Horde. About the Sites of Antiquity. Otechestvennye zapiski. 1830, ch. 43. 244–252 / CGA – Central’nyj gosudarstvennyj arhiv Respubliki Kazahstan. F. 338. Op. 1. D. 714. (g. Almaty) = Notes of Homeland. 1830, h. 43. P. 244–252 / TsGA — Central State Archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan. F. 338. Op. 1. D. 714. (Almaty). (In Russ.)
Valihanov Ch.Ch. On the Kirghiz-Kaisak Tombs (molahs) and Antiquities in General. Sobranie sochinenij v pyati tomah = Collected Works in Five Volumes. Alma-Ata : Izd-vo Akademii nauk Kazahskoj SSR, 1964a. T. 3. Pp. 29–38. (In Russ.)
Valihanov Ch.Ch. Several Routes of Potanin. Sobranie sochinenij v pyati tomah = Collected Works in Five Volumes.. Alma-Ata : Izd-vo Akademii nauk Kazahskoj SSR 1964b. T. 3. 663 p. (In Russ.)
Vilesov E.N., Naumenko A.A., Aubekerov B.Zh. Physical Geography of Kazakhstan: Textbook. Almaty : Kazak University, 2009. 362 p. (In Russ.)
Voyakin D.A. The Aral-Asar Settlement and Kerderi Mausoleum 2. Rol’ stepnyh gorodov v civilizacii nomadov = The Role of Steppe Cities in the Civilization of Nomads. Astana : Typografiya Komplex, 2008. Pp. 335–345. (In Russ.)
Eginbayuly J. Archaeological Studies of the Zhoshy-khan Complex. Otan tarihy. Otechestvennaya istoriya = Otan tarikhy. National history. 2001;2:98–106. (In Russ.)
Eleuov M. Medieval Cities, Habitats and Caravan Routes of the Regions of Saryarka, Shu, Talas, Keles. Otchet o nauchno-issledovatel’skoj rabote. Astana, 2000. Opis’ 6. №1–8 = Report on Research Work. Astana, 2000. Inventory 6. No. 1–8. (In Russ.)
Zilivinskaya E.D. The Architecture of the Golden Horde. Part 1. Cult Architecture. Moscow; Kazan’ : Otechestvo, 2014. 228 p.
Krasovsky M. Materials for Geography and Statistics of Russia, Collected by Officers of the General Staff. Siberian Kirghiz Region. SPb. : Tipografiya Transhelya, Rettera i Shnejdera, 1868. Part 3. 282 p. (In Russ.)
Red Book of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Vol. I: Animals; Part 1: Vertebrates (col. authors). Almaty : DPS, 2010. 324 p. (In Russ.)
Margulan A.H. From the History of Cities and Building Art of Ancient Kazakhstan. Alma-Ata : Izd-vo Akademii nauk Kazahskoj SSR, 1950. 122 p. (In Russ.).
Margulan A.H. Ancient Caravan Routes through the Betpak-Dala Desert. Mir kazaha. Institut razvitiya Kazahstana, Mezhdunarodnyj fond imeni akademika Al’keya Margulana = World of Kazakhs. Development Institute of Kazakhstan, International Fund Named after Academician Alkey Margulan. Almaty : IDK-TIPO, 1997. Pp. 16–30. (In Russ.).
Mitrofanov I.V. Study of the Ichthyofauna of the Kurgaldzhinsky Lakes. Sovremennoe sostoyanie fauny vodno-bolotnyh ptic i gidrocenozov ozer Tengiz-Kurgal’dzhinskogo bassejna (1991, 1995) : Otchet Instituta zoologii Akademii nauk Respubliki Kazahstan = Current State of the Fauna of Waterbirds and Hydrocenoses of the Lakes of the Tengiz-Kurgaldzhinsky Basin. (1991, 1995). Report. Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Alma-Ata : Institute of Zoology, 1999. 120 р. (In Russ.)
Nazarov F.M. Notes on Some Peoples and Lands of Central Asia. M. : Nauka, 1968. 80 p. (In Russ.)
Pugachenkova G.A. The Architecture of Central Asia. The 15th Century. Leading Trends and Traits. Tashkent : Izdatel’stvo literatury i iskusstva, 1976. 116 p. (In Russ.)
Rychkov P.I. Orenburg Topography. SPb. : Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1762. 331 p. (In Russ.)
Smagulov E.A., Erzakovich L.B. Study of the Juma Mosque of the Timur era in Otrar. Amir Timur vaduniyo tarihidagi urni. Samarkand : SamDU, 1996. Pp. 97–98. (In Russ.).
Smagulov T.N. The Kalbasun Tower. Almaty : Hikari, 2012. 160 p. (In Russ.)
Smailov Zh.E. Archaeological Sites of Western Saryarka (Medieval settlements and settlements). Karaganda : Tengri ltd, 2015. 142 p. (In Russ.)
Sembi M.K. The Botagay Mausoleum — a Monument of Medieval Kazakh Architecture (a brief history of research). Bulantinskaya bitva: istoriya issledovanij= The Bulantin Battle: History of Research. Ulytau : “Ulytau” ulttyk tarikhi-medeni zhune tabigi koryk-murazhayy, 2015. Pp. 150–153. (In Russ.)
Tasmagambetov I., Samashev Z. Saraichik. Almaty : Berel, 2001. 320 p. (In Kazakh, Russ., Engl.)
Hrokov V.V., Moiseev A.P., Moskalev A.G. About New and Rare Birds of the Kurgaldzhinsky Reserve. Russkij ornitologicheskij zhurnal = Russian Ornithological Journal. 2013; 22(912):2309–2313. (In Russ.)
Shangin I.P. Extract from the Description of the Expedition that was in the Kyrgyz Steppe in 1816. Sibirskij Vestnik, izdavaemyj Grigoriem Spasskim = Siberian Bulletin, Published by Grigory Spassky. SPb. : Tipografiya Departamenta narodnogo prosveshcheniya, 1820. 112 с. (In Russ.)
Yarygin S.A. Research of the 15th Century Mausoleum on the Zhanibek-Shalkar Lake. Margulanovskie chteniya-2011 = Margulanov readings-2011. Astana : ENU im. L.N. Gumilyov, 2011. Pp. 384–391. (In Russ.)
Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research is a golden publisher, as we allow self-archiving, but most importantly we are fully transparent about your rights.
Authors may present and discuss their findings ahead of publication: at biological or scientific conferences, on preprint servers, in public databases, and in blogs, wikis, tweets, and other informal communication channels.
Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research allows authors to deposit manuscripts (currently under review or those for intended submission to ABS) in non-commercial, pre-print servers such as ArXiv.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).