FORMATIVE PERIOD IN THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF ECUADOR: ANATOMY OF THE TERM AND ITS PRACTICAL USE
Abstract
The article is devoted to the adaptation of local periodizations to the tasks of comparative studies in frames of large geographical regions (in our case, within the Pacific Basin). The participants of the first joint Russian-Ecuadorian archaeological project faced the problem in 2014-2015 during the excavation of Real Alto site, coastal part of Santa Elena Province. Real Alto is the basic site of Valdivia culture (5500-3500 BP) which belongs to the so called “Formative Period” according to current periodization. The article deals with the detailed anatomy of the term “Formative Period”, its substantial part, history of its introduction into the description of the ancient cultures of South America, key publications on the topic, along with the peculiarities of its use for the ancient cultures on the territory of Ecuador, and with the total or partial correlation with the actual terminology and periodization of the Neolithic in the Russian Far East (Maritime Region, Amur Region), and Japanese Archipelago.
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