BONE REMAINS OF ANIMALS FROM THE XIONGNU TSARAM BURIAL COMPLEX (TRANSBAIKALIA)
Abstract
For the first time, the consideration is given to the bone remains of animals obtained during the excavation of the Xiongnu burial ground Tsaram, which was studied in the Kyakhta region of the Republic of Buryatia. The material comes from excavations of the central burial mound and accompanying funerary objects. The bones of livestock are mainly sacrifices and elements of funerary food. In the central barrow, along with the chariot, the remains of one horse were found. In the same burial pit, the sacrificial complex found included osteological material from 25 horses, 11 large specimens and 32 species of small cattle. All bone remains originate from incomplete skeletons: bones of the head, distal sections of the fore and hind limbs, most rarely of the body are presented. The anatomical composition of the skeletons suggests that in the funeral ritual, not whole animal carcasses were used, but skins with the skull and bones of the distal limbs. Among the animals sacrificed, sexually mature specimens predominated. The proportion of immature individuals in the material is low, and young animals are completely absent. Horses are represented by both males and females. The height at the withers refers to medium, undersized and small. The horse for the chariot from the central mound has larger body dimensions.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Brauner A.A. Materialy k poznaniyu domashnikh zhivotnykh Rossii. I. Loshad’ kurgannykh pogrebeniy Tiraspol’skogo uezda Khersonskoy gubernii [Materials on the Domestic Animals in Russia. I. The Horse of Burial Mounds of the Tiraspol County of the Kherson Province]. Zapiski Obshchestva sel’skogo khozyaystva Yuzhnoy Rossii. T. 86, kn. 1 [Notes of the Society of Agriculture of Southern Russia. Vol. 86, Book 1]. Odessa, 1916. 184 p. [In Russian]. Браунер А.А. Материалы к познанию домашних животных России. I. Лошадь курганных погребений Тираспольского уезда Херсонской губернии // Записки Общества сельского хозяйства Южной России. Одесса, 1916. Т. 86, кн. 1. 184 с.
Vitt V.O. Loshadi Pazyrykskikh kurganov [Horses of the Pazyryk Barrows]. Sovetskaya arkheologiya [Soviet Archaeology]. 1952. №16. Pp. 163–205. [In Russian]. Витт В.О. Лошади Пазырыкских курганов // Советская археология. 1952. №16. С. 163–205.
Dyurst U. Ekster’er loshadi [The Horse Exterior]. L., 1936. 344 p.: il. [In Russian]. Дюрст У. Экстерьер лошади. Л., 1936. 344 с.: ил.
Klement’ev A.M., Bazarov B.A., Miyagashev D.A. Mlekopitayushchie v sisteme zhizneobespecheniya khunnu Zabaykal’ya (novyy etap issledovaniy) [Mammals in the Life Support System of the kopitayushchie v sisteme zhizneobespecheniya khunnu Zabaykal’ya (novyy etap issledovaniy) [Mammals in the Life Support System of the Transbaikalia Xiongnu (a New Stage of Research)]. Ekologiya drevnikh i traditsionnykh obshchest [Ecology of Ancient and Traditional Societies: 2 Parts]. Tyumen’ : Izd-vo Tyumenskogo gos. un-ta, 2016. Issue 5, part 2. Pp. 81–84. [In Russian]. Клементьев А.М., Базаров Б.А., Миягашев Д.А. Млекопитающие в системе жизнеобеспечения хунну Забайкалья (новый этап исследований) // Экология древних и традиционных обществ: в 2 ч. Тюмень: Изд-во Тюменского гос. ун-та, 2016. Вып. 5, ч. 2. С. 81–84.
Kusliy M.A., Druzhkova A.S., Popova K.O., Vorob’eva N.V., Makunin A.I., Yurlova A.A., Tishkin A.A., Minyaev S.S., Trifonov V.A., Grafodatskiy A.S., Dymova M.A., Filipenko M.L. Genotipirovanie i opredelenie masti drevnikh loshadey Buryatii [Genotyping and Determination of the Suits of Ancient Horses of Buryatia]. Tsitologiya [Citology]. 2016.Vol. 58, №4. Pp. 304–308. [In Russian]. Куслий М.А., Дружкова А.С., Попова К.О., Воробьева Н.В., Макунин А.И., Юрлова А.А., Тишкин А.А., Миняев С.С., Трифонов В.А., Графодатский А.С., Дымова М.А., Филипенко М.Л. Генотипирование и определение масти древних лошадей Бурятии // Цитология. 2016. Т. 58, №4. С. 304–308.
Minyaev S.S. Elitnyy kompleks zakhoroneniy syunnu v padi Tsaram [The Elite Complex of Graves of the Xiongnu in the Padi Tsaram]. Arkheologiya, etnografiya i antropologiya Evrazii [Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia]. 2009. №2 (38). Pp. 49–58. [In Russian]. Миняев С.С. Элитный комплекс захоронений сюнну в пади Царам // Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии. 2009. №2 (38). С. 49–58.
Minyaev S.S., Sakharovskaya L.M. Soprovoditel’nye zakhoroneniya «tsarskogo» kompleksa №7 v mogil’nike Tsaram [Accompanying Graves of the “Royal” Complex №7 in the Tsaram Burial Ground]. Arkheologicheskie vesti [Archaeological News]. 2002. Vol. 9. Pp. 86–118. [In Russian]. Миняев С.С., Сахаровская Л.М. Сопроводительные захоронения «царского» комплекса №7 в могильнике Царам // Археологические вести. 2002. Т. 9. С. 86–118.
Tal’ko-Gryntsevich Yu.D. Materialy k paleoetnologii Zabaykal’ya [Materials to Paleoetology of Transbaikalia]. St. Petersburg, 1999. 124 p. (Arkheologicheskie pamyatniki syunnu. Vyp. 4) [ Archaeological Monuments of the Xiongnu. Issue 4). SPb., 1999. 124 p. [In Russian]. Талько-Грынцевич Ю.Д. Материалы к палеоэтнологии Забайкалья СПб., 1999. 124 с. (Археологические памятники сюнну. Вып. 4).
Eisenmann V., Alberdi M.T., De Giuli C., Staesche U. Stadying Fossil Horses. V. 1. E.J. Brill. Leiden, New York, København, Köln, 1988. 71 p.
Silver I.A. The ageing of domestic animals // Science in archaeology: a survey of progress and research. New York, 1970. P. 283–302.
Copyright (c) 2017 Теория и практика археологических исследований
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research is a golden publisher, as we allow self-archiving, but most importantly we are fully transparent about your rights.
Authors may present and discuss their findings ahead of publication: at biological or scientific conferences, on preprint servers, in public databases, and in blogs, wikis, tweets, and other informal communication channels.
Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research allows authors to deposit manuscripts (currently under review or those for intended submission to ABS) in non-commercial, pre-print servers such as ArXiv.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
2.jpg)
