GEOMETRIC MICROLITHS IN UPPER PALEOLITHIC OF NORTHERN MONGOLIA: MICROWEAR ANALYSIS AND PURPOSE OF USE
Keywords:
Mongolia, Upper Paleolithic, Tolbor, cultural complex, geometric microlith, trapeze
Abstract
Middle Upper Paleolithic of Northern Mongolia is currently more likely an ephemeral definition, than a clearly determined cultural event. Some complexes that could be related to this stage according to their stratigraphic position in sequence, are scanty and not dated. Albeit, about 16 000 years BP people occupied the Middle Selenga valley left complexes of artifacts that are still hard to determine by its genesis or cultural attribution. Compare to neighboring Transbaikal pressure microflaking does not exist in this region, except the Tolbor-15 site. These complexes technologically and typologically are closer to Epipaleolithic complexes of western Central Asia and Near East, and, still not well-known Late Upper Paleolithic of East Asia rather than nearby regions. These complexes of the Tolbor group of sites contain the geometric microliths – morphologically described as trapezes, it is bitruncated blades and bladelets. This article presents the results of microwear analysis of trapezes and their possible functional use.
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Gladyshev S.A., Gunchinsuren B., Dzhall E., Dogandzhich T., Zvins N., Olsen D., Richards M., Tabarev A.V., Talamo S. Radiouglerodnoe datirovanie paleoliticheskih stoyanok v doline reki Ih-Tulberijn-Gol v Severnoj Mongolii [Radiocarbon Dating of the Paleolithic Sites in Ikh-Tulberiin-gol River Valley, Northern Mongolia]. Vestnik NGU. Seriya: istoriya, filologiya. 2013. Vol. 12, Iss. 5: Arheologiya i etnografiya. Pp. 44–48.
Kolobova K.A., Krivoshapkin A.I., Shnajder S.V., Shalagina A.V. Obosnovanie vozrasta rannih geometricheskih mikrolitov v zapadnoj chasti Central’noj Azii [The Justifications for the Early Geometric Microliths Age in Western Central Asia]. Teoriya i praktika arheologicheskih issledovanij [Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research]. 2018. №1 (21). Pp. 155–164.
Korobkova G.F. Eksperimental’nyj analiz i ego mesto v metodike i teorii arheologii [Experimental Analysis and its Place in Methodology and Theory of Archaeology]. Voprosy teorii i metodologii arheologicheskoj nauki [Questions of the Theory and Methodology of Archaeological Science]. M.: Nauka, 1978. Pp. 55–61 (KSIA. Iss. 152).
Rybin E.P. Hronologiya i geograficheskoe rasprostranenie kul’turno znachimyh artefaktov v nachal’nom verhnem paleolite Severnoj Azii i vostochnoj chasti Central’noji Azii [Chronology and Geographical Distribution of Culture-Significant Artifacts in the Initial Upper Paleolithic of North Asia and Eastern Part of Central Asia]. Izvestiya Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [News of Altai State University]. 2014. Iss. 4/1 (84). Pp. 188–198.
Rybin E.P., Pavlenok G.D., Hacenovich A.M., Marchenko D.V., Gunchinsuren B. Kamennaya tehnologiya srednego etapa verhnego paleolita Severnoj Mongolii (kul’turnyj gorizont 2 stoyanki Tolbor-21): k postanovke problemy [Lithic Technology of the Middle Upper Paleolithic in Northern Mongolia (cultural horizon 2 of Tolbor 21 site): Problem Statement]. Izvestiya Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Geoarheologiya. Etnologiya. Antropologiya. 2018. Vol. 26 [News of Irkutsk State University. Series: Geoarchaeology. Ethnology. Anthropology]. Pp. 39–60. DOI https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2018.24.39.
Semenov S.A. Pervobytnaya tehnika (opyt izucheniya drevnejshih orudij i izdelij po sledam raboty) [Prehistoric Technology. An Experimental Study of the Oldest Tools and Artifacts from the Trace of Manufacture and Wear]. M.; L.: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1957. 240 p.
Hacenovich A.M. Rannie etapy verhnego paleolita Severnoj Mongolii [Early Stages of Upper Paleolithic of Northern Mongolia]. Diss. … kand. ist. nauk [Dissertation … Cand of Hist. Sciences]. Novosibirsk, 2018. 287 p.
Hacenovich A.M., Rybin E.P. Arhaichnye tipy adaptacionnyh strategij i ih razvitie v kamennom veke [The Archaic Types of Adaptative Strategies and their Development in Paleolithic]. Vestnik NGU. Seriya: istoriya, filologiya. 2012. T. 11, Vyp. 3: Arheologiya i etnografiya. Pp. 50–58.
Hacenovich A.M., Pavlenok G.D., Rybin E.P., Gunchinsuren B., Bolorbat C., Odsuren D., Margad- Erdene G. Melko- i mikroplastinchatye industrii pozdnego verhnego paleolita Severnoj Mongolii [Bladelet and Microblade Industries in the Late Upper Paleolithic of Northern Mongolia]. Evraziya v Kajnozoe. Stratigrafiya, paleoekologiya, kul’tury [Eurasia in Cenozoic. Stratigraphy, paleoecology, culture]. 2017. №6. Pp. 144–153.
Shchelinskij V.E. Proizvodstvennye funkcii must’erskih orudij (po dannym eksperimental’nogo i trasologicheskogo izucheniya) [Technological Functions of Mousterian Tools (based on experimental and traceological data]. Avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Synopsis of the Dissertation … Cand. Of Hist. Sciences]. L. : AN SSSR, 1974. 19 p.
Davis R.S., Ranov V.A. Recent Work on the Paleolithic of Central Asia // Evolutionary Anthropology. 1999. Vol. 8. Pp. 186–193.
Gunchinsuren B., Gladyshev S.A., Tabarev A.V., Kanomata Y., Khatsenovich A.M. Use-wear Analysis on Paleolithic Artifacts of Northern Mongolia // Bulletin of Tohoku University Museum. 2013. №12. P. 8–24.
Keeley L.H. Experimental Determination of Stone Tool Uses. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1980. 212 p.
Yaroshevich A., Kaufman D., Nuzhnyy D.,Bar-Yosef O., Weinstein-Evron M. Design and Performance of Microlith Implemented Projectiles during the Middle and the Late Epipaleolithic of the Levant: Experimental and Archaeological Evidence // Journal of Archaeological Science. 2010. №37. P. 368–388.
Deacon J. An Unsolved Mystery at the Howieson’s Poort // South African Archaeological Bulletin. 1995. Vol. 50 (162). P. 110–120. doi:10.2307/3889060.
Jacobs Z., Roberts R.G., Galbraith R.F., Deacon H.J., Grün R., Mackay A., Mitchell P., Vogelsang R., Wadley L. Ages for the Middle Stone Age of Southern Africa: Implications for Human Behavior and Dispersal // Science. 2008. Vol. 322 (5902). P. 733–735. doi:10.1126/science.1162219.
Kolobova K.A., Krivoshapkin A.I., Shnaider S.V. Early Geometric Microlith Technology in Central Asia // Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. 2019. Vol. 11 (4). P. 1407–1419.
Nuzhnyj D. Development of Microlithic Projectile Weapons in the Stone Age // Anthropologie et Pre´histoire. 2000. Vol. 111. P. 95–101.
Miolo R., Peresani M. A New Look at Microburin Technology: some Implications from Experimental Procedures // Preistoria Alpina. 2005. Vol. 41. P. 65–71.
Muheisen M., Wada H. An Analysis of the Microliths at the Kharaneh IV Phase D, Square A20/37 // Paleorient. 1995. Vol. 21 (1). P. 75–95.
Rybin E.P., Khatsenovich A.M., Gunchinsuren B., Olsen J.W., Zwyns N. The Impact of the LGM on the Development of the Upper Paleolithic in Mongolia // Quaternary International. 2016. Vol. 425. P. 69–87.
Zwyns N., Gladyshev S.A., Gunchinsuren B., Bolorbat T., Flas D., Tabarev A., Dogandzic T., Gillam J.C., Khatsenovich A., McPherron Sh., Odsuren D., Paine C., Purevjal K.E., Stewart J. The Open-air Site of Tolbor 16 (Northern Mongolia): Preliminary Results and Perspectives // Quaternary International. 2014. №347. Р. 53–65.
Zwyns N., Paine C.H., Bolorbat Ts., Talamo S., Fitzsimmons K.E., Angaragdulguun G., Lkhundev G., Odsuren D., Flas D., Dogandžić T., Doerschner N., Welker F., Gillam J.Ch., Noyer J.B., Bakhtiary R.S., Allshouse A.F., Smith K.N., Khatsenovich A.M., Rybin E.P., Gunchinsuren B. & J.-J. Hublin. The Northern Route for Human Dispersal in Central and Northeast Asia: New Evidence from the Tobol-16 Site, Mongolia // Scientific Reports. 2019. Vol. 9. P. 1–10.
Published
2020-03-20
How to Cite
Shevchenko T., Khatsenovich A., Zotkina L., Gunchinsuren B. GEOMETRIC MICROLITHS IN UPPER PALEOLITHIC OF NORTHERN MONGOLIA: MICROWEAR ANALYSIS AND PURPOSE OF USE // THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 2020. Vol. 29, № 1. P. 166-175 DOI: 10.14258/tpai(2020)1(29).-11. URL: http://journal.asu.ru/tpai/article/view/%2829%29.-11.
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