EXCAVATIONS OF CRYPTS AT THE BURIAL GROUND OF SHESTAKOVO-II AND ISSUES OF THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE SHESTAKOVО CULTURE
Abstract
The article publishes and investigates the materials of the excavations of 1976 and 1980 at the Shestakovo-II burial mound in the Chebulinsky district of the Kemerovo region. The burial monument is located in the Achinsko-Mariinsky forest-steppe on the second floodplain terrace of the Kia River near the village of Shestakovo, next to other archaeological sites investigated (the Shestakovo-I settlement, the Shestakovo-II settlement and the Shestakovo-I burial mound), which belong to the final stage of the early Iron Age and form a single archaeological cultural and chronological complex Excavation materials are systematized at the level of elements of burial structures, memorial funeral rite, burial method and burial equipment. A comparative analysis of published materials with sources from neighboring territories and the valley of the middle reaches of the Kii River is carried out. It is concluded that the published sources are close to the excavation materials of the objects of the third and fourth stages of the Shestakovo-I burial mound, which is a reference site for the Shestakovo archaeological culture of the transitional Tagaro-Tashtyk time in the Achinsk-Mariinsky forest-steppe in 1979. Based on the statement that the Tesin archaeological culture of the 3rd century BC in the middle of the 3rd century in the steppes of the Middle Yenisei is a synchronous Shestakov archaeological culture of the Achinsk-Mariinsky forest-steppe and, taking into account the observations made by various authors about the late creation of similar processes in this region, we model a cultural and chronological development scheme. This suggests that the Shestakov archaeological culture could have function from the 2nd century BC to the 4th century. This model and the analogies given to the materials from the Shestakovo II burial mound allow us to date this monument to the 3rd — 4th centuries and attribute it to the final stage of the development of the Shestakovo archaeological culture.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Absalyamov M. B. O tipah zhilishch na tagarskih i tagarsko-tashtykskih poseleniyah [On the Types of Dwellings in the Tagar and Tagar-Tashtyk Settlements]. Arheologiya Yuzhnoj Sibiri [Archaeology of Southern Siberia]. Kemerovo : KemGU, 1977. Issue 9. Pp. 34–42. (In Russ.)
Bashtannik S. V. Istoriko-kul’turnyj potencial zapadnoj chasti Kijsko-Chulymskogo mezhdurech’ya [Historical and Cultural Potential of the Western Part of the Kiisko-Chulym Interfluve]. Istoricheskaya i social’no-obrazovatel’naya mysl’ [Historical and Socio-educational Thought]. 2013. № 5. Pp. 13–19. (In Russ.)
Berdnikov M. V. Sravnitel’nyj analiz veshchevogo kompleksa poselenij konca I tys. n. e. v rajone s. Shestakovo Kemerovskoj oblasti [Comparative Analysis of the Clothing Complex of Settlements at the End of the i Millennium AD in the Area in Shestakovo, Kemerovo Region]. Problemy skifo-sibirskogo kul’turno-istoricheskogo edinstva [Problems of the Scythian- Siberian Cultural and Historical Unity]. Kemerovo: KemGU, 1979. Pp. 159–161. (In Russ.)
Vadeckaya E. B. Tashtykskaya kul’tura [The Tashtyk Culture]. Stepnaya polosa Aziatskoj chasti SSSR v skifo-sarmatskoe vremya [Steppe Zone of the Asian Part of the USSR in the Scythian-Sarmatian Time]. M. : Nauka, 1992. Pp. 236–246. (In Russ.)
Vadeckaya E. B. Tashtykskaya epoha v drevnej istorii Sibiri [The Tashtyk Era in the Ancient History of Siberia]. SPb. : Peterburgskoe vostokovedenie, 1999. 440 p. (In Russ.)
German P. V. Raskopki tashtykskogo pogrebal’no-pominal’nogo kompleksa Shestakovo-III v Mariinskoj lesostepi v 2014 i 2015 gg. [Excavations of the Tashtyk Burial and Memorial Complex Shestakovo-III in the Mariinsky Forest-steppe in 2014 and 2015.]. Arheologicheskie otkrytiya [Archaeological Discoveries]. 2017. Vol. 2015. Рр. 438–440. (In Russ.)
German P. V., Savel’eva A. S., Marochkin A. G., Veretennikov A. V. Novye dannye ob arheologicheskih pamyatnikah na severo-vostoke Kuzbassa [New Data on Archaeological Sites in the North-east of Kuzbass]. Uchenye zapiski muzeya-zapovednika “Tomskaya Pisanica” [Scientific Notes of the Tomskaya Pisanitsa Museum-Reserve]. 2019. № 10. Рр. 15–20. (In Russ.)
German P. V., Savel’eva A. S., Onishchenko Рр. S. Shestakovo-II — poselenie rannego zheleznogo veka v Mariinskoj lesostepi [Shestakovo-II — an Early Iron Age Settlement in the Mariinsky Forest-steppe]. Uchenye zapiski muzeya-zapovednika “Tomskaya Pisanica” [Scientific Notes of the Tomskaya Pisanitsa Museum-Reserve]. 2019. № 10. Рр. 21–32. (In Russ.)
Kuz’min N. Yu. Pogrebal’nye pamyatniki hunno-syanbijskogo vremeni v stepyah Srednego Eniseya: Tesinskaya kul’tura [Burial Sites of the Xiongnu-Xianbei Time in the Steppes of the Middle Yenisei: the Tesinskaya Culture]. SPb. : Ajsing, 2011. 456 р. (In Russ.)
Kulemzin A. M. Razvedka v Kemerovskoj oblasti [Exploration in the Kemerovo Region]. Arheologicheskie otkrytiya [Archaeological Discoveries]. 1975. T. 1974. Рр. 213–214. (In Russ.)
Kulemzin A. M. Novye pamyatniki v Kemerovskoj oblasti [New Sites in the Kemerovo Region]. Arheologicheskie otkrytiya [Archaeological Discoveries]. 1977. Vol. 1976. Рр. 212–213. (In Russ.)
Kulemzin A. M. Otchet ob arheologicheskih rabotah v 1976 godu [1976 Archaeological Report]. Kemerovo, 1979. (In Russ.)
Kulemzin A. M. Shestakovskij arheologicheskij kompleks [Shestakovsky Archaeological Complex]. Arheologiya Yuzhnoj Sibiri [Archaeology of Southern Siberia]. Kemerovo : KemGU, 1980. Vyp. 11. Рр. 95–106. (In Russ.)
Kulemzin A. M. Prodolzhenie ohrannyh raskopok v Kemerovskoj oblasti [Continuation of Security Excavations in the Kemerovo Region]. Arheologicheskie otkrytiya [Archaeological Discoveries]. 1981. Vol. 1980. 189 p. (In Russ.)
Kulemzin A. M. Otchet o raskopkah poseleniya Shestakovo-XI, mogil’nika Shestakovo-II i poselenij Peschanoe ozero-I v Kemerovskoj oblasti v 1980 godu [Report on the Excavations of the Shestakovo-XI Settlement, the Shestakovo-II Burial Ground and the Sandy Lake-I Settlements in the Kemerovo Region in 1980]. Kemerovo, 1981a. (In Russ.)
Kulemzin A. M. Perspektivy sohraneniya i ispol’zovaniya Shestakovskogo kompleksa ob'ektov istoricheskogo, kul’turnogo i prirodnogo naslediya [Prospects for the Preservation and Use of the Shestakovsky Complex of Objects of Historical, Cultural and Natural Heritage]. Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of Kemerovo State University]. 2015. № 2–6. Рр. 71–75. (In Russ.)
Kulemzin A. M. Koncepciya i metodika sozdaniya Shestakovskogo istoriko-prirodnogo muzeya-zapovednika [The Concept and Methodology for the Creation of the Shestakovsky Historical and Natural Museum-Reserve]. Uchenye zapiski muzeya-zapovednika “Tomskaya Pisanica” [Scientific Notes of the Tomskaya Pisanitsa Museum-Reserve]. 2016. № 4. Рр. 10–15. (In Russ.)
Kulemzin A. M., Borodkin Yu. M. Arheologicheskie pamyatniki Kemerovskoj oblasti [Archaeological Sites of the Kemerovo Region]. Kemerovo : Kem. kn. izd-vo, 1989. Issue I. 158 р. (In Russ.)
Kyzlasov L. R. Tashtykskaya epoha v istorii Hakassko-Minusinskoj kotloviny (I v. do n. e. – V v. n.e.) [Tashtyk Era in the History of the Khakass-Minusinsk Depression (the 1st century BC – 5th century AD)]. M. : MGU, 1960. 198 р. (In Russ.)
Martynov A. I. Novye materialy o tagarsko-tashtykskih poseleniyah i zhilishchah [New Materials about Tagar-Tashtyk Settlements and Dwellings]. Sovetskaya arheologiya [Soviet Archaeology]. 1973. № 3. Рр. 163–173. (In Russ.)
Martynov A. I. Skul’pturnyj portret cheloveka iz Shestakovskogo mogil’nika [Sculptural Portrait of a Man from the Shestakovsky Burial Ground]. Sovetskaya arheologiya [Soviet Archaeology]. 1974. № 4. Рр. 231–242. (In Russ.)
Martynov A. I. Lesostepnaya tagarskaya kul’tura [Forest-steppe Tagar Culture]. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1979. 208 р. (In Russ.)
Martynov A. I. Raboty otryada Yuzhnosibirskoj ekspedicii [The Work of the Detachment of the South Siberian Expedition]. Arheologicheskie otkrytiya [Archaeological Discoveries]. 1983. T. 1981. Рр. 213–214. (In Russ.)
Martynov A. I., Absalyamov M. B. Shestakovskoe poselenie po materialam raskopok 1976 g. [Shestakovskoe Settlement Based on the Materials from the Excavations in 1976]. Arheologicheskie otkrytiya [Archaeological Discoveries 1977. Vol. 1976. 219 p. (In Russ.)
Martynov A. I., Absalyamov M. B. Raskopki Shestakovskogo gorodishcha [Excavations of the Shestakovsky Settlement]. Arheologicheskie otkrytiya [Archaeological Discoveries]. 1978. Vol. 1977. Рр. 255–256. (In Russ.)
Martynov A. I., Absalyamov M. B. Tagarskie poseleniya [The Tagar Settlements]. Krasnoyarsk : Izd-vo Krasnoyar. un-ta, 1988. 123 р. (In Russ.)
Martynov A. I., Kulemzin A. M., Martynova G. S. Tajny Shestakovskih kurganov [Secrets of the Shestakovsky Burial Mounds]. Kemerovo : Lazur’ — K, 2017. 118 р. (In Russ.)
Martynov A. I., Martynova G. S., Kulemzin A. M. Shestakovskie kurgany [Shestakovsky Burial Mounds]. Kemerovo : [B.i.], 1971. 249 р. (In Russ.)
Martynov A. I., Martynova G. S., Kulemzin A. M. Konec skifskoj epohi v Yuzhnoj Sibiri. Shestakovskaya kul’tura [The End of the Scythian Era in Southern Siberia. Shestakovskaya Culture]. Problemy skifo-sibirskogo kul’turno-istoricheskogo edinstva [Problems of the Scythian-Siberian Cultural and Historical Unity]. Kemerovo : KemGU, 1979. Рр. 33–35. (In Russ.)
Martynova G. S. Pamyatniki Achinsko-Mariinskoj lesostepi v gunno-sarmatskoe vremya : avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [The Sites of the Achinsk-Mariinsky Forest-steppe in the Xiongnu-Sarmatian Time: Synopsis of the Dis. … Cand. Hist. Sciences]. Novosibirsk, 1971. 27 р. (In Russ.)
Martynova G. S. Tashtykskie plemena na Kie [The Tashtyk Tribes in Kiev]. Krasnoyarsk : Izd-vo KrasGU, 1985. 112 р. (In Russ.)
Pshenicina M. N. Tesinskij etap [The Tesinsky Stage]. Stepnaya polosa Aziatskoj chasti SSSR v skifo-sarmatskoe vremya [Steppe Zone of the Asian Part of the USSR in the Scythian- Sarmatian Time]. M. : Nauka, 1992. Рр. 224–235. (In Russ.)
Fribus A. V., Sokolov P. G., Bashtannik Рр. V., Trusova E. V. Shestakovskij arheologicheskij mikrorajon: 40 let spustya [Shestakovsky Archaeological Microdistrict: 40 years Later]. Arheologiya Yuzhnoj Sibiri [Archaeology of Southern Siberia]. Kemerovo : KemGU, 2012. Vyp. 26. Рр. 170–175. (In Russ.)
Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research is a golden publisher, as we allow self-archiving, but most importantly we are fully transparent about your rights.
Authors may present and discuss their findings ahead of publication: at biological or scientific conferences, on preprint servers, in public databases, and in blogs, wikis, tweets, and other informal communication channels.
Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research allows authors to deposit manuscripts (currently under review or those for intended submission to ABS) in non-commercial, pre-print servers such as ArXiv.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
2.jpg)
