I. NEWTON AND F. TAYLOR: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT AND AN OBJECTIVELY DETERMINED LAW OF LABOR PRODUCTION RHYTHM IN ENTERPRISES
УДК 331.103
Abstract
The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of Taylor's concept of scientific management and Newton's forgotten experience of applying the same principles and methods to the organization of labor at the Royal Mint in England. In contrast to Taylor's concept, Newton applied the physiological rationale for managerial decisions on labor organization in the mint's production process. He did this in order to increase daily work, but at the same time, it can also be assessed as an indirect manifestation of the humanization of physical labor, which was not in Taylor's concept. The essence of his proposal is to harmonize the labor production rhythm of an enterprise in terms of the heart rate of a normal person, equal to 50–55 heartbeats per minute: according to Newton, the rhythm of the production process should be less than the normal heart rate, which contributes to an increase in daily output (the employee gets less tired and can work productively longer), and ensures the preservation of health. The article draws attention to the fact that in the 1920s. In Russia, there was a movement to adapt Taylor's concept to the industrial environment of Russian reality in the form of scientific labor organization. A. Gastev, one of the organizers of this movement, also proposed synchronizing the production rhythm with the heart rate. The article proves that Newton's proposal, and its verification in experience, make it possible to qualify this proposal as an objectively determined economic law that is relevant at the present time.
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