АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ДАННЫЕ О ПРОМЫСЛАХ СРЕДНЕДОНСКОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ СКИФСКОГО ВРЕМЕНИ

А.Н. Меркулов

doi:10.14258/tpai(2025)37(2).-05

А.Н. Меркулов Воронежский государственный педагогический университет Email: aleksandrmerkulov@mail.ru

https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2025)37(2).-05

Ключевые слова: скифское время, лесостепное Подонье, охота, рыбная ловля, собирательство, промыслы

Аннотация

В статье анализируются археологические данные об охоте, рыбной ловле и собирательстве у среднедонского населения скифского времени (V — начало III в. до н. э.). Рассматриваемые материалы происходят с 13 поселенческих памятников Донской лесостепи. Среди них остеологические коллекции, орудия рыбного промысла, палеоботанические находки. Результаты проведенного исследования показывают, что охота имела преимущественно мясное направление, однако на некоторых памятниках преобладала добыча пушного зверя. Из копытных наиболее популярными объектами охоты были кабан и лось, а среди пушных видов — лисица, бобр и заяц. В целом же низкая доля костей диких животных в остеологических коллекциях не позволяет отводить охоте важную роль в системе жизнеобеспечения среднедонских племен. В рыболовных трофеях чаще встречались хищные рыбы — сом, щука и судак, известны находки и костей рыб семейства карповых. Их вылов велся при помощи крючных снастей, острог или гарпунов, а также сетей. Данные о собирательстве у рассматриваемого населения пока что единичны. К настоящему моменту на поселенческих памятниках известны находки раковин моллюсков (преимущественно перловицы речной), скорлупы ореха лещины и отпечатков на керамике косточек терна и сливы. Анализируемые в статье промыслы не имели важного значения в хозяйстве жителей среднедонских городищ и поселений, а скорее выступали в качестве дополнительного источника пищи.

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Биография автора

А.Н. Меркулов, Воронежский государственный педагогический университет

кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры истории России Воронежского государственного педагогического университета

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