СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТОДИКИ КОНСЕРВАЦИИ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ТЕКСТИЛЯ ИЗ ШЕРСТИ

  • В.С. Бусова Институт истории материальной культуры РАН Email: kulturnijkarman@gmail.com
  • Д.А. Фомичева Институт истории материальной культуры РАН Email: hromatica@gmail.com
Ключевые слова: археология, археологический текстиль шерсть, консервация, стабилизация, сохранность, влажная очистка, полимеры

Аннотация

Археологический текстиль является хрупким и информативным источником, требующим особых подходов на всех этапах работы — от изъятия монолитом до консервации в лаборатории. В статье представлены обзор и систематизация современных методик консервации на-ходок из шерсти, включая полевую и камеральную обработку. Рассматриваются ключевые этапы: документация, визуальный и аналитический методы, дезинфекция, сухая и влажная очистка, а также стабилизация с использованием полимеров. Отдельное внимание уделено сравнительному анализу отечественных и зарубежных подходов, а также эволюции методик от классических руководств (Елкина и др., 1987; Семенович, 1961) до современных решений (гелевая и ультразвуковая очистка, сублимационная сушка). Показано, что при всем многообразии методов универсальной методики не существует — каждый памятник требует индивидуального подхода. Выявлены практические проблемы: устаревание некоторых полевых рекомендаций, ограниченная доступность инструментальных методов и недостаток обобщающих публикаций.

Авторы приходят к выводу, что эффективная консервация возможна лишь при междисциплинарном взаимодействии археологов, реставраторов, химиков и биологов, а также при условии применения наименее инвазивных технологий в повседневной практике.

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Биографии авторов

В.С. Бусова, Институт истории материальной культуры РАН

кандидат исторических наук, научный сотрудник Ин-ститута истории материальной культуры РАН

Д.А. Фомичева, Институт истории материальной культуры РАН

аспирант биологического факультета Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета; научный сотрудник Института истории материальной культуры РАН

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Опубликован
2026-10-30
Как цитировать
Бусова В., Фомичева Д. СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТОДИКИ КОНСЕРВАЦИИ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ТЕКСТИЛЯ ИЗ ШЕРСТИ // Теория и практика археологических исследований, 2026. Т. 38, № 3. С. 9-35 DOI: 10.14258/10.14258/tpai(2026)38(3).-01. URL: https://journal.asu.ru/tpai/article/view/20594.
Раздел
ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ И МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ АРХЕОЛОГИИ