THE PROBLEM OF CONFLICT REGULATION IN THE DR CONGO FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF RALPH DARENDORFF'S CONCEPT OF CONFLICT REGULATION
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Published:
Aug 4, 2021
Keywords:
Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, peacekeeping, conflict, contradictions, interests, resolving
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Gleb A. Trufanov
Email: valentinothedoctor123@gmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-9589
Abstract
The question of studying the essence of conflict as a process in the context of modern political studies raises the question of applying a new method – an interdisciplinary one based on the synthesis of paradigms and approaches. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to analyze the conflict in this region in the light of the relevance of assessing support strategies in regions with political and military instability in Africa. The purpose of this study is to consider the essential parameters of the conflict process in the DRC, this conflict process is constitutional and one of the bloodiest in the history of independent African states, complicated by a huge number of participants in the conflict at different stages. It is also necessary to analyze the role of the so-called managers in the conflict in the context of the essential transition and political transformation of the Congo after 1960 and the acquisition of formal independence against the background of the continuing expansion of Western corporations into the economic sector of the DRC. The main problem to solve was the need to assess the procedure for resolving conflict contradictions in the DRC and the possibility of reducing the presence of a violent component in the interaction, and the role of socio-political institutions of society that could favorably act as institutions for peace-building and peace enforcement, with the activities of MONUC and the UN as a whole not losing relevance. The main result of the research is the development of the concept of conflict resolution in the DRC, based on the theory of social conflict by R. Darendorf. The author comes to the conclusion that the reduction of violence in the conflict in the DRC and the settlement of the conflict in this region are possible only with proper methodological and theoretical support for the peace-building process. The author also emphasizes the importance of increasing the pace of development of the army and police in the DRC, the importance of the influence of international actors in resolving the conflict through authority, and not through direct intervention in the conflict.
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Trufanov , G. A. (2021). THE PROBLEM OF CONFLICT REGULATION IN THE DR CONGO FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF RALPH DARENDORFF’S CONCEPT OF CONFLICT REGULATION. Society and Security Insights, 4(2), 49-60. https://doi.org/10.14258/ssi(2021)2-04
Section
SECURITY AND INTEGRATION IN COUNTRIES OF ASIAN REGION
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References
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Darendorpf R. Class and class conflict in industrial society. Stanford university press. California, 1959.
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International Security Sector Advisory Team. Police Reform Lessons from donor programming on accountability, demilitarization and representativeness of police institutions, 2020.
Krisberg L. Sociology of Social Conflict. N.Y.C, Prentice-Hall, 1973.
Malacaria D. We ask not to be abandoned. URL: http://www.30giorni.it/articoli_id_13531_l3.htm (дата обращения 17.02.2021).
Namangale C. Dynamics of Conflict Management in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. PRISM, 2015, No. 2, 72-83.
Ott L, Lühe U. Conflict Prevention: Connecting Policy and Practice. Swisspeace, 2018, No. 2, 7-13.
Van der lijn J, Glawion T, De Zwaan N. Towards legitimate stability in CAR and the DRC:external assumptions and local perspectives. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), 2019.
Vircoulon T. Congo RDC: l’échec des faiseurs de paix. URL: https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2009/02/06/congo-rdc-l-echec-des-faiseurs-de-paix_308130 (дата обращения 17.02.2021).
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Abgadzhava, D. A. (2014). Ideologiya i vosproizvodstvo social'no-politicheskogo poryadka [Ideology and creation of social-political order]. Bulletin of SPbGU. Political science. International relations, no. 3, 29-35.
Evdokimov, I. (2015). Demokraticheskaya Respublika Kongo: «serdce Afriki»—strana Patrisa Lumumby. K 55-letiyu ustanovleniya diplomaticheskih otnoshenij [DR Congo: the heart of Africa-the country of Patrice Lumumba. To the 55 anniversary of diplomatic relations]. The International Affairs, no. 6. URL: https://interaffairs.ru/jauthor/material/1313 (Accessed 17 February 2021).
Sidorova, G. M. (2014). Kto vinovat v nestabil'nosti Demokraticheskoj respubliki Kongo? [Who is guilty for unstable situation in DR Congo?]. Bulletin of MGIMO, 6 (39), 29-36.
Sidorova, G. M. (2019). Politicheskaya oppoziciya v demokraticheskoj Respublike Kongo: aktory, resursy i strategii bor'by. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta [Political opposition in DR Cong: actors, resources and strategies]. Bulletin of Perm university. Series: Political sciences no. 3, 36-43.
Sidorova, G. M. (2013). Problema bezopasnosti i reformy armii Demokraticheskoj Respubliki Kongo [The problem of safety and military reformation in DR Congo Kongo]. Scientific diaries of Kazan university. Series Humanities, no. 3-2, 75-90.
Sidorova, G. M. (2012). Problema mirotvorchestva v usloviyah obostreniya konfliktov v Demokraticheskoj Respublike Kongo [The problem of peacebuilding in situations of open conflicts in DR Congo]. Scientific dialog, no. 9, 75-90.
Strebkov, A. I. (2009). Konfliktologiya v kul'turnom i obrazovatel'nom prostranstve Rossii Konfliktologiya dlya HKHI veka: nauka – obrazovanie – praktika: materialy Sankt-Peterburgskogo mezhdunarodnogo kongressa konfliktologov [Conflictology in educational and cultural spaces of Russia. Konfliktology for 21st century: science – education – praktice: materials of Sankt-Peterburgskg international konfliktologist congress] Vol. 1 (pp.415-421). SPb: Saint-Petersburg State University Publishing House.
Strebkov, A. I, Aldaganov, M. M, Gazimagomedov G. G. (2013). Rossijskaya konfliktologiya mezhdu nastoyashchim i proshlym [Russian conflictology between past and present]. Bulletin of SPbGU. Philosophy and Conflictology, no. 1, 66-76.
Abbot, P. (2014). Modern African wars. Osprey publishing. UK. Oxford.
DRC: Transforming the Congolese Armed Forces. URL: https://issat.dcaf.ch/Learn/Resource-Library2/Case-Studies/DRC-Transforming-the Congolese-Armed-Forces (accessed 17.02.2021).
Congolese Army Military equipment and vehicle Democratic Republic of the Congo. URL:https://www.armyrecognition.com/democratic_republic_congo_rdc_army_uk/republic_democratic_congo_congolese_army_land_ground_forces_military_equipment_armoured_vehicle_uk.html (accessed 17.02.2021).
Coser, L. (1956). The functions of the social conflict. NYC: The Free Press.
DR Congo's mysterious metal monolith destroyed by mob. URL: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56112310 (accessed 20.02.2021).
Crawford, A. (2017). Conflict-Sensitive Conservation in the Maiko-Tayna-Kahuzi-Biega Landscape: Conflict analysis. International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD).
Darendorpf, R. (1959). Class and class conflict in industrial society. California: Stanford university press.
Harper, M. (2020). Killings by rebels 'have doubled' in DR Congo. URL: https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cvenzmgylgwt/democratic-republic-of-congo?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=6011966554a69202e80dded6%26Killings%20by%20rebels%20%27have%20doubled%27%20in%20DR%20Congo%262021-01-27T17%3A48%3A03.969Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:efe60fea-e9ff-4751-8947-b966c42d645a&pinned_post_asset_id=6011966554a69202e80dded6&pinned_post_type=share (accessed 17.02.2021)
Harper, M. (2020). Separatists target DR Congo army camps in mining hub. URL: https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cvenzmgylgwt/democratic-republic-of-congo?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=602933def1296a02de3a9639%26Separatists%20target%20DR%20Congo%20army%20camps%20in%20mining%20hub%262021-02-14T14%3A55%3A24.386Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:19698f85-8d6a-4d23-8ca0-6557d5a99360&pinned_post_asset_id=602933def1296a02de3a9639&pinned_post_type=share (accessed 20.02.2021)
International Security Sector Advisory Team. (2020). Police Reform Lessons from donor programming on accountability, demilitarization and representativeness of police institutions.
Krisberg, L. (1973). Sociology of Social Conflict. N.Y, Prentice-Hall.
Malacaria, D. We ask not to be abandoned. URL: http://www.30giorni.it/articoli_id_13531_l3.htm (accessed 17.02.2021)
Namangale, C. (2015). Dynamics of Conflict Management in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Prism 5, no. 2, 72-83.
Ott, L, Lühe, U. (2018). Conflict Prevention: Connecting Policy and Practice. Swisspeace, no. 2, 7-13.
Van der lijn,J, Glawion,T, De Zwaan,N. (2019). Towards legitimate stability in CAR and the DRC:external assumptions and local perspectives. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).
Vircoulon, T. (2009). Congo RDC : l’échec des faiseurs de paix. URL:https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2009/02/06/congo-rdc-l-echec-des-faiseurs-de-paix_308130 (accessed 17.02.2021).
Абгаджава Д. А. Идеология и воспроизводство социально-политического порядка. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Политология. Международные отношения, 2014, No. 3, 29-35.
Евдокимов И. Демократическая Республика Конго: «сердце Африки»-cтрана Патриса Лумумбы. К 55-летию установления дипломатических отношений. Международная жизнь, 2015, No. 6. URL: https://interaffairs.ru/jauthor/material/1313 (дата обращения 17.02.2021).
Сидорова Г. М. Кто виноват в нестабильности Демократической республики Конго? Вестник МГИМО, 2014, No. 6(39), 29-36.
Сидорова Г. М. Политическая оппозиция в демократической Республике Конго: акторы, ресурсы и стратегии борьбы. Вестник Пермского университета. Серия: Политология, 2019, No. 3, 36-43. DOI: 10.17072/2218-1067-2019-3-36-43
Сидорова Г. М. Проблема безопасности и реформы армии Демократической Республики Конго. Учен. зап. Казан. ун-та. Сер. Гуманит. Науки, 2013, No. 3-2, 171-182.
Сидорова Г. М. Проблема миротворчества в условиях обострения конфликтов в Демократической Республике Конго. Научный диалог, 2012, No. 9, 75-90.
Стребков А. И. Конфликтология в культурном и образовательном пространстве России. В кн: Конфликтология для ХХI века: наука – образование – практика: материалы Санкт-Петербургского международного конгресса конфликтологов. Т. 1. СПб: Философский факультет СПбГУ, 2009. С. 415-421. DOI 10.31312/978-5-6043166-1-0
Стребков А. И, Алдаганов М. М, Газимагомедов Г. Г. Российская конфликтология между настоящим и прошлым. Вестник СПбГУ. Философия и конфликтология, 2013, No. 1, 66-76.
DRC: Transforming the Congolese Armed Forces. URL:https://issat.dcaf.ch/Learn/Resource-Library2/Case-Studies/DRC-Transforming-the-Congolese-Armed-Forces (дата обращения 17.02.2021).
Abbot P. Modern African wars. Osprey publishing, Oxford, 2014, No. 4. pp 3-16.
Congolese Army Military equipment and vehicle Democratic Republic of the Congo. URL: https://www.armyrecognition.com/democratic_republic_congo_rdc_army_uk/republic_democratic_congo_congolese_army_land_ground_forces_military_equipment_armoured_vehicle_uk.html(дата обращения 17.02.2021)
Coser.L. The functions of the social conflict. NYC: The free press, 1956.
Crawford A. Conflict-Sensitive Conservation in the Maiko-Tayna-Kahuzi-Biega Landscape: Conflict analysis. International Institute for Sustainable Development. IISD, 2017.
DR Congo's mysterious metal monolith destroyed by mob. URL: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56112310 (дата обращения 20.02.2021).
Darendorpf R. Class and class conflict in industrial society. Stanford university press. California, 1959.
Harper M. Killings by rebels 'have doubled' in DR Congo. URL: https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cvenzmgylgwt/democratic-republic-of-congo?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=6011966554a69202e80dded6%26Killings%20by%20rebels%20%27have%20doubled%27%20in%20DR%20Congo%262021-01-27T17%3A48%3A03.969Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:efe60fea-e9ff-4751-8947-b966c42d645a&pinned_post_asset_id=6011966554a69202e80dded6&pinned_post_type=share (дата обращения 17.02.2021).
Harper M. Separatists target DR Congo army camps in mining hub. URL: https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cvenzmgylgwt/democratic-republic-of-congo?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=602933def1296a02de3a9639%26Separatists%20target%20DR%20Congo%20army%20camps%20in%20mining%20hub%262021-02-14T14%3A55%3A24.386Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:19698f85-8d6a-4d23-8ca0-6557d5a99360&pinned_post_asset_id=602933def1296a02de3a9639&pinned_post_type=share (дата обращения 20.02.2021).
International Security Sector Advisory Team. Police Reform Lessons from donor programming on accountability, demilitarization and representativeness of police institutions, 2020.
Krisberg L. Sociology of Social Conflict. N.Y.C, Prentice-Hall, 1973.
Malacaria D. We ask not to be abandoned. URL: http://www.30giorni.it/articoli_id_13531_l3.htm (дата обращения 17.02.2021).
Namangale C. Dynamics of Conflict Management in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. PRISM, 2015, No. 2, 72-83.
Ott L, Lühe U. Conflict Prevention: Connecting Policy and Practice. Swisspeace, 2018, No. 2, 7-13.
Van der lijn J, Glawion T, De Zwaan N. Towards legitimate stability in CAR and the DRC:external assumptions and local perspectives. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), 2019.
Vircoulon T. Congo RDC: l’échec des faiseurs de paix. URL: https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2009/02/06/congo-rdc-l-echec-des-faiseurs-de-paix_308130 (дата обращения 17.02.2021).
References
Abgadzhava, D. A, Petrova, N. V. (2018). Nasilie i konflikt v mezhkul'turnom vzaimodejstvii. Vestnik SPbGU. Filosofiya i konfliktologiya. 2018. №3. [Violence and conflict on account of international cooperation]. Bulletin of SPbGU. Philosophy and conflictology, no. 3, 402-413.
Abgadzhava, D. A. (2014). Ideologiya i vosproizvodstvo social'no-politicheskogo poryadka [Ideology and creation of social-political order]. Bulletin of SPbGU. Political science. International relations, no. 3, 29-35.
Evdokimov, I. (2015). Demokraticheskaya Respublika Kongo: «serdce Afriki»—strana Patrisa Lumumby. K 55-letiyu ustanovleniya diplomaticheskih otnoshenij [DR Congo: the heart of Africa-the country of Patrice Lumumba. To the 55 anniversary of diplomatic relations]. The International Affairs, no. 6. URL: https://interaffairs.ru/jauthor/material/1313 (Accessed 17 February 2021).
Sidorova, G. M. (2014). Kto vinovat v nestabil'nosti Demokraticheskoj respubliki Kongo? [Who is guilty for unstable situation in DR Congo?]. Bulletin of MGIMO, 6 (39), 29-36.
Sidorova, G. M. (2019). Politicheskaya oppoziciya v demokraticheskoj Respublike Kongo: aktory, resursy i strategii bor'by. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta [Political opposition in DR Cong: actors, resources and strategies]. Bulletin of Perm university. Series: Political sciences no. 3, 36-43.
Sidorova, G. M. (2013). Problema bezopasnosti i reformy armii Demokraticheskoj Respubliki Kongo [The problem of safety and military reformation in DR Congo Kongo]. Scientific diaries of Kazan university. Series Humanities, no. 3-2, 75-90.
Sidorova, G. M. (2012). Problema mirotvorchestva v usloviyah obostreniya konfliktov v Demokraticheskoj Respublike Kongo [The problem of peacebuilding in situations of open conflicts in DR Congo]. Scientific dialog, no. 9, 75-90.
Strebkov, A. I. (2009). Konfliktologiya v kul'turnom i obrazovatel'nom prostranstve Rossii Konfliktologiya dlya HKHI veka: nauka – obrazovanie – praktika: materialy Sankt-Peterburgskogo mezhdunarodnogo kongressa konfliktologov [Conflictology in educational and cultural spaces of Russia. Konfliktology for 21st century: science – education – praktice: materials of Sankt-Peterburgskg international konfliktologist congress] Vol. 1 (pp.415-421). SPb: Saint-Petersburg State University Publishing House.
Strebkov, A. I, Aldaganov, M. M, Gazimagomedov G. G. (2013). Rossijskaya konfliktologiya mezhdu nastoyashchim i proshlym [Russian conflictology between past and present]. Bulletin of SPbGU. Philosophy and Conflictology, no. 1, 66-76.
Abbot, P. (2014). Modern African wars. Osprey publishing. UK. Oxford.
DRC: Transforming the Congolese Armed Forces. URL: https://issat.dcaf.ch/Learn/Resource-Library2/Case-Studies/DRC-Transforming-the Congolese-Armed-Forces (accessed 17.02.2021).
Congolese Army Military equipment and vehicle Democratic Republic of the Congo. URL:https://www.armyrecognition.com/democratic_republic_congo_rdc_army_uk/republic_democratic_congo_congolese_army_land_ground_forces_military_equipment_armoured_vehicle_uk.html (accessed 17.02.2021).
Coser, L. (1956). The functions of the social conflict. NYC: The Free Press.
DR Congo's mysterious metal monolith destroyed by mob. URL: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56112310 (accessed 20.02.2021).
Crawford, A. (2017). Conflict-Sensitive Conservation in the Maiko-Tayna-Kahuzi-Biega Landscape: Conflict analysis. International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD).
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