BABY GRAVES IN THE CRADLE IN THE BRONZE AGE OF THE URAL-SIBERIAN REGION: IN SEARCH OF ANALOGIES
Abstract
Cradle burials are unique to the Bronze Age in the Ural-Siberian region. They are typical for Okunevo culture of South Siberia and Alakul culture. Cradles vary in design, but they can definitely be attributed to a certain tradition or cult. The article is devoted to the search of analogies to children’s cradle graves in the Ural-Siberian region. Alakul cradles had a concave inside wall and sharp protruding corners. The nearest analogies to Alakul cradles were found in the pit-grave culture with real cradle graves and clay models. In Okunevo culture of South Siberia the cradle had a back side made of a discrete piece of birch bark. Analogies of this design were found in the catacomb culture, where children’s burials contained clay cradle models. One end part of such a model is designed in the form of a low dome-shaped body. Such models are typical for children’s interments of the catacomb population of Ciscaucasia, but roots can be found in cheir North Caucasian culture. Cradle models are found in burials along with anthropomorphic “Pan flute” and lumps of ochre. In Okunevo culture some children’s burials were accompanied with horn anthropomorphic pendants, which may be compared with the catacomb “Pan flute”. Thus, the author proposes to distinguish two traditions in the development of the cradle design in the Bronze Age.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Andreeva M.V. Glinyanaya model’ povozki iz pogrebeniya katakombnogo vremeni [The clay model of the wagon from the catacomb time burial]. Sovetskaya arkheologiya [Soviet archaeology]. 1984. №3. Pp. 201–205. [In Russian]. Андреева М.В. Глиняная модель повозки из погребения катакомбного времени // Советская археология. 1984. №3. С. 201-205.
Vadetskaya E.B. Izvayaniya okunevskoy kul’tury [Sculptures of Okunevo Culture]. Vadetskaya E.B., Leont’ev N.V., Maksimenkov G.A. Pamyatniki okunevskoy kul’tury [Monuments of Okunevo Culture]. Leningrad : Nauka, 1980. Pp. 37–87. [In Russian]. Вадецкая Э.Б. Изваяния окуневской культуры // Вадецкая Э.Б., Леонтьев Н.В., Максимен-ков Г.А. Памятники окуневской культуры. Л. : Наука, 1980. С. 37-87.
Gromov A.V. Ob osobom tipe detskikh pogrebeniy v mogil’nikakh chernovskogo etapa okunevskoy kul’tury [On the special type of children’s burials in the Chernovsky stage of Okunev Culture burial grounds]. Okunevskiy sbornik 2. Kul’tura i ee okruzhenie [Okunevo collection 2. Culture and its surroundings]. Saint Petersvurg : Eleksis Print, 2006. Pp. 245–247 [In Russian]. Громов А.В. Об особом типе детских погребений в могильниках черновского этапа окуневской культуры // Окуневский сборник 2. Культура и ее окружение. СПб. : Элексис Принт, 2006. С. 245-247.
Izbitser E.V. K voprosu o forme pogrebal’nykh yam v kul’turakh epokhi sredney bronzy Predkavkaz’ya [The form of the burial pits in the cultures of the Middle Bronze Age Ciscaucasia]. Drevnosti Volgo-Donskikh stepey v sisteme vostochnoevropeyskogo bronzovogo veka [Antiquities of the Volga-Don steppe in the system of Eastern European Bronze Age]. Volgograd : Peremena, 1996. Pp. 76–78. [In Russian]. Избицер Е.В. К вопросу о форме погребальных ям в культурах эпохи средней бронзы Предкавказья // Древности Волго-Донских степей в системе восточноевропейского бронзового века. Волгоград : Перемена, 1996. С. 76-78.
Izbitser E.V. Modeli “povozok”, “fleyty Pana” i severokavkazskaya kul’tura [The models of “carts”, “Pan’s flute” and the North Caucasian culture // Arkheolog: detektiv i myslitel’ : sbornik statey, posvyashchennykh 77-letiyu L.S. Kleyna [Archaeologist: a detective and a thinker: a collection of articles devoted to the 77 anniversary of L.S. Klein]. Saint Petersburg : Izd-vo Sankt-Peterb. un-ta, 2004. Pp. 409–421. [In Russian]. Избицер Е.В. Модели «повозок», «флейты Пана» и северокавказская культура // Археолог: детектив и мыслитель : сборник статей, посвященных 77-летию Л.С. Клейна. СПб. : Изд-во Санкт-Пе-терб. ун-та, 2004. С. 409-421.
Kovaleva I.F. Mir detstva yamnykh plemen Predstep’ya [The world of childhood of the pit-grave tribes in the pre-steppe]. Problemy arkheologії Podniprov’ya [The problems of archaeology of the Dnieper region]. Dnipropetrovs’k. Issue 1. 1998. Pp. 37–47 [Elektronic resource]. URL: http://bronza-lib.narod. rU/k/kovaleval998.html. [In Russian]. Ковалева И.Ф. Мир детства ямных племен Предстепья // Проблемы археологи Подншров'я. Дншропетровськ. Вип. 1. 1998. С. 37-47 [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://bronza-lib.narod.rU/k/kovaleval998.html.
Lazaretov I.P. Okunevskie mogil’niki doliny reki Uybat (k voprosu o vtoroy volne indoevropeytsev v Yuzhnoy Sibiri) [Okunevo burial grounds of the Uybat river valley (to the question of the second wave of Indo-Europeans in Southern Siberia) // Izuchenie drevnikh kul’tur i tsivilizatsiy. Materialy k plenumu [IIMK], 5–7 aprelya 1994 g. [The study of ancient cultures and civilizations. Materials for the plenum [IHMC]. Arkheologicheskie izyskaniya. Vyp. 14 [Archaeological investigations. Issue 14]. Saint Petersburg : IIMK RAN, 1994. Pp. 20–24. [In Russian]. Лазаретов И.П. Окуневские могильники долины реки Уйбат (к вопросу о второй волне индоевропейцев в Южной Сибири) // Изучение древних культур и цивилизаций. Материалы к пленуму [ИИМК], 5-7 апреля 1994 г. СПб.: ИИМК РАН, 1994. С. 20-24. (Археологические изыскания. Вып. 14).
Lazaretov I.P. Okunevskie mogil’niki v doline reki Uybat [Okunevo burial grounds in the Uibat river valley]. Okunevskiy sbornik [Okuneve collection]. Saint Petersburg : Petro-RIF, 1997. Pp. 19–64 [In Russian]. Лазаретов И.П. Окуневские могильники в долине реки Уйбат // Окуневский сборник. СПб. : Петро-РИФ, 1997. С. 19-64.
Lazaretov I.P., Polyakov A.V., Esin Yu.N., Lazaretova N.I. Novye dannye po formirovaniyu okunevskogo kul’turnogo fenomena [New data on the formation of the Okunevo cultural phenomenon]. Istoriko-kul’turnoe nasledie i dukhovnye tsennosti Rossii [Historical and cultural heritage and spiritual values of Russia]. Moscow : Rossiyskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya (ROSSPEN), 2012. Pp. 130–136. [In Russian]. Лазаретов И.П., Поляков А.В., Есин Ю.Н., Лазаретова Н.И. Новые данные по формированию окуневского культурного феномена // Историко-культурное наследие и духовные ценности России. М. : Российская политическая энциклопедия (РОССПЭН), 2012. С. 130-136.
Morgunova N.L. Problemy izucheniya yamnoy kul’tury Yuzhnogo Priural’ya [Problems in the study of the pit-grave culture of the Southern Urals]. Problemy arkheologii Evrazii: K 80-letiyu N.Ya. Merperta [Problems of archaeology of Eurasia: the 80th anniversary of N.Y. Merpert]. Moscow : IPP “Graf i K”, 2002. Pp. 104–116. [In Russian]. Моргунова Н.Л. Проблемы изучения ямной культуры Южного Приуралья // Проблемы археологии Евразии: К 80-летию Н.Я. Мерперта. М. : ИПП «Граф и К», 2002. С. 104-116.
Potemkina T.M. Bronzovyy vek lesostepnogo Pritobol’ya [Bronze Age of forest-steppe Tobol]. Moscow : Nauka, 1995. 376 p [In Russian]. Потемкина Т.М. Бронзовый век лесостепного Притоболья. М. : Наука, 1995. 376 с.
Sokolova L.A. Pogrebenie v kolybeli Okunevskogo mogil’nika Uybat V [The burial in the cradle of the Okunevo burial ground 5]. Arkheologicheskie vesti [Archaeological news]. 1995. №4. Pp. 44–51. [In Russian]. Соколова Л.А. Погребение в колыбели Окуневского могильника Уйбат V // Археологические вести. 1995. №4. С. 44-51.
Sotnikova S.V. Otchet o raskopkakh mogil’nika Ermak-IV v Novovarshavskom rayone Omskoy oblasti v 1986 godu. Omsk, 1987 [The report of the excavations of the Ermak-4 burial ground in the Novovarshavsky district of the Omsk region in 1986]. Arkhiv IA RAN. F. R-1 [Archive IA RAS. F. R-1]. Omsk, 1987 [In Russian]. Сотникова С.В. Отчет о раскопках могильника Ермак-IV в Нововаршавском районе Омской области в 1986 году. Омск, 1987 // Архив ИА РАН. Ф. Р-1.
Fedyaev S.V., Tatarinov S.I. Unikal’noe pogrebenie katakombnoy kul’tury s “igrushkoy” [Unique catacomb culture burial with a “toy”]. Problemy istorii i arkheologii Ukrainy [Problems of history and archaeology of Ukraine]. Khar’kov, 1997. P. 22. [In Russian]. Федяев С.В., Татаринов С.И. Уникальное погребение катакомбной культуры с «игрушкой» // Проблемы истории и археологии Украины. Харьков, 1997. С. 22.
Copyright (c) 2016 Теория и практика археологических исследований
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research is a golden publisher, as we allow self-archiving, but most importantly we are fully transparent about your rights.
Authors may present and discuss their findings ahead of publication: at biological or scientific conferences, on preprint servers, in public databases, and in blogs, wikis, tweets, and other informal communication channels.
Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research allows authors to deposit manuscripts (currently under review or those for intended submission to ABS) in non-commercial, pre-print servers such as ArXiv.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
2.jpg)
