THE PROBLEM OF THE EMERGENCE OF AGRICULTURE IN THE UPPER OB RIVER REGION BASED ON DATA FROM ARCHAEOLOGY AND STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS
Keywords:
Altai Ob River region, Late Bronze Age, Irmen culture, agriculture, isotope analysis
Abstract
Stable isotope analysis is an important part of the interpretation process in modern archaeological studies, yet, it is not routinely applied to a sufficient extent. In the south of Western Siberia, isotope analysis has only recently begгan to be used. The research region belongs to the area where the societies of hunters and fishermen were formed in the Neolithic. In its northern (taiga) part they continued their existence until the modern period, while for the southern (steppe and forest-steppe) part the emergence of pastoral economy has been suggested for the Bronze Age, and its final formation for the Early Iron Age. Such reconstructions are primarily based on palaeozoological analysis and assessment of work tools, but the latest data shows the evolution of the subsistence of ancient societies in the south of Western Siberia in new light. The diet of the Neolithic to the Bronze Age populations of Altai was predominantly based on the C3 foodchains, but at least three people from three graves of the Ob River region in Altai (sites of Firsovo-14 and Plotinnaya) show C4 signal. The latter indicates the consumption of millet in the 14th–10th c. BC, which could be related to both its local cultivation, and import into the Irmen Culture region from the 14th c. BC. As a farmed crop, millet could have come to the area from Kazakhstan or the Minusinsk Basin. Findings of archaeobotanical materials (wheat and millet) have been recorded previously for the Late Bronze Age site of Milovanovo in
Ob River region near Novosibirsk.
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References
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2. Gryaznov M.P. Istoriya drevnikh plemen Verkhnej Obi po raskopkam bliz s. Bol’shaya Rechka [The History of the Ancient Tribes of the Upper Ob River by the Excavations near the Bolshaya Rechka Village]. MIA. M. ; L. : Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1956. №48. 163 р. [In Russian]. Грязнов М.П. История древних племен Верхней Оби по раскопкам близ с. Большая Речка. М.; Л. : Изд-во АН СССР, 1956. 163 с. (МИА. №48).
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4. Kirjushin Ju.F. Itogi i perspektivy izuchenija pamjatnikov jeneolita i bronzy Altaja [Results and Prospects of Studying the Sites of the Aeneolithic and Bronze of Altai]. Problemy drevnih kul’tur Sibiri [Problems of Ancient Cultures of Siberia]. Novosibirsk: Izd-vo In-tа istorii, filologii i filosofii SO AN SSSR, 1985. Рр. 46–53 [In Russian]. Кирюшин Ю.Ф. Итоги и перспективы изучения памятников энеолита и бронзы Алтая // Проб- лемы древних культур Сибири. Новосибирск : Изд-во Ин-та истории, филологии и философии СО АН СССР, 1985. С. 46–53.
5. Kovalevskij S.A. Ob irmenskom zemledelie (istoriografija voprosa) [On Irmen Agriculture (historiography of the issue]. Vestnik Omskogo un-ta. Ser.: Istoricheskie nauki [Bulletin of Omsk University. Ser. : Historical Sciences]. 2017. No. 3 (15). 2017. №3 (15). Рр. 138–142 [In Russian]. Ковалевский С.А. Об ирменском земледелии (историография вопроса) // Вестник Омского ун-та. Сер.: Исторические науки. 2017. №3 (15). С. 138–142.
6. Kosarev M.F. Bronzovyj vek Zapadnoj Sibiri [Bronze Age of Western Siberia]. M. : Nauka, 1981. 279 p. [In Russian]. Косарев М.Ф. Бронзовый век Западной Сибири. М. : Наука, 1981. 279 с.
7. Kosarev M.F. Iz drevnej istorii Zapadnoj Sibiri. Obshhaja istoriko-kul’turnaja koncepcija [From the Ancient History of Western Siberia. General Historical and Cultural Concept]. M. : INION RAN, 1993. 283 р. [In Russian]. Косарев М.Ф. Из древней истории Западной Сибири. Общая историко-культурная концепция. М. : ИНИОН РАН, 1993. 283 с.
8. Matjushchenko V.I. Drevnjaja istorija naselenija lesnogo i lesostepnogo Priob’ja (neolit i bronzovyj vek). Elovsko-irmenskaja kul’tura [Ancient History of the Population of Forest and Forest-Steppe Priobye (Neolithic and Bronze Age). Yelovsko-Irmenskaya Culture]. Iz istorii Sibiri [From the History of Siberia]. Tomsk, 1974. IssueVyp. 12. 196 р. [In Russian]. Матющенко В.И. Древняя история населения лесного и лесостепного Приобья (неолит и бронзовый век). Еловско-ирменская культура // Из истории Сибири. Томск, 1974. Вып. 12. 196 с.
9. Molodin V.I., Borodovskij A.P. Kamennye ruchnye zhernova v drevnej pogrebal’noj obrjadnosti Zapadnoj Sibiri [Stone Hand Millstones in the Ancient Funerary Rites of Western Siberia]. Altaica. 1994. №4. Рр. 72–79 [In Russian]. Молодин В.И., Бородовский А.П. Каменные ручные жернова в древней погребальной обрядности Западной Сибири // Altaica. 1994. №4. С. 72–79.
10. Sidorov E.A. O zemledelii irmenskoj kul’tury (po materialam lesostepnogo Priob’ja) [On the Agriculture of the Irmen Culture (according to the forest-steppe Priobye)]. Paleojekonomika Sibiri [PaleoEconomics of Siberia]. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1986. Рр. 54–66 [In Russian]. Сидоров Е.А. О земледелии ирменской культуры (по материалам лесостепного Приобья) // Палеоэкономика Сибири. Новосибирск : Наука, 1986. С. 54–66.
11. Troickaja T.N. Karasukskaja jepoha v Novosibirskom Priob’e [Karasuk Era in the Novosibirsk Priobye]. Bronzovyj i zheleznyj vek Sibiri. Drevnjaja Sibir’ [Bronze and Iron Age of Siberia. Ancient Siberia]. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1974. Рр. 32–46. (Materialy po istorii Sibiri. Drevnjaja Sibir’; Vyp. 4) [(Materials on the History of Siberia. Ancient Siberia; Issue 4)]. [In Russian]. Троицкая Т.Н. Карасукская эпоха в Новосибирском Приобье // Бронзовый и железный век Сибири. Древняя Сибирь. Новосибирск : Наука, 1974. С. 32–46 (Материалы по истории Сибири. Древняя Сибирь; Вып. 4).
12. Udodov V.S. Jepoha razvitoj i pozdnej bronzy Kulundy : avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Late Bronze Age and Transitional Time in the Barnaul-Biysk Priobye (XII – VI centuries. BC) : Synopsis of the Dis. ... Cand. Hist. Sciences]. Barnaul, 1994. 21 р. [In Russian]. Удодов В.С. Эпоха развитой и поздней бронзы Кулунды : автореф. дис. … канд. ист. наук. Барнаул, 1994. 21 с.
13. Shamshin A.B. Jepoha pozdnej bronzy i perehodnoe vremja v Barnaul’sko-Bijskom Priob’e (XII– VI vv. do n.je.) : avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. Nauk [Late Bronze Age and Transitional Time in the Barnaul-Biysk Priobye (XII – VI centuries. BC): Synopsis of the Dis. ... Cand. Hist. Sciences]. Kemerovo, 1988. 16 р. [In Russian]. Шамшин А.Б. Эпоха поздней бронзы и переходное время в Барнаульско-Бийском Приобье (XII–VI вв. до н.э.) : автореф. дис. … канд. ист. наук. Кемерово, 1988. 16 с.
14. Shamshin A.B., Gal’chenko A.V. Hozjajstvo naselenija Barnaul’sko-Bijskogo Priob’ja v jepohu pozdnej bronzy i v perehodnoe vremja ot bronzy k zhelezu [The Economy of the Population of the Barnaul-Biysk Ob in the Era of Late Bronze Age and in the Transitional Period from Bronze to Iron]. Istochniki po istorii respubliki Altaj [Sources on the History of the Altai Republic]. Gorno-Altajsk : GAGU, 1997. Рр. 90–117 [In Russian]. Шамшин А.Б., Гальченко А.В. Хозяйство населения Барнаульско-Бийского Приобья в эпоху поздней бронзы и в переходное время от бронзы к железу // Источники по истории Республики Алтай. Горно-Алтайск : ГАГУ, 1997. С. 90–117.
15. Di Cosmo N. Ancient Inner Asian nomads: their economic basis and its significance in Chinese history // The Journal of Asian Studies. Volume 53, issue 4. 1994. Pp. 1092–1126.
16. Kuzmina E. The Origin of the Indo-Iranians. Leiden; Boston : Brill Academic Publishers, 2007. 766 p.
17. Liu X., Lightfoot E., O’Connell T.C., Wang H., Li S., Zhou L., Hu Y., Motuzaite-Matuzeviciute G. and Jones M.K. From necessity to choice: Dietary revolutions in west China in the second millennium BC // World Archaeology. 2014. 46(5). Pp. 661–680.
18. Motuzaite Matuzeviciute G., Lightfoot E., O’Connell T.C., Voyakin D., Liu X., Loman V., Svyatko S., Usmanova E., Jones M.K. The extent of cereal cultivation among the Bronze Age to Turkic period societies of Kazakhstan determined using stable isotope analysis of bone collagen // Journal of Archaeological Science. 2015. №59. Pp. 23–34.
19. Reimer P.J. et al. IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0–50,000 years cal BP // Radiocarbon. 2013. №55 (4). Pp. 1869–1887.
20. Stuiver M., Reimer P.J., and Reimer R.W. 2018. CALIB 7.1 [WWW program] at http://calib.org, accessed 2018-11-12.
21. Svyatko S.V., Schulting R.J., Mallory J., Murphy E.M., Reimer P.J., Khartanovich V.I., Chistov Y.K., Sablin M.V. Stable isotope dietary analysis of prehistoric populations from the Minusinsk Basin, Southern Siberia, Russia: a new chronological framework for the introduction of millet to the eastern Eurasian steppe // Journal of Archaeological Science. 2013. №40. Pp. 3936–3945.
Published
2018-12-24
How to Cite
Papin D., Svyatko S. V. THE PROBLEM OF THE EMERGENCE OF AGRICULTURE IN THE UPPER OB RIVER REGION BASED ON DATA FROM ARCHAEOLOGY AND STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS // THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 2018. Vol. 24, № 4. P. 20-25 DOI: 10.14258/tpai(2018)4(24).-02. URL: http://journal.asu.ru/tpai/article/view/%2824%29.-02.
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MATERIAL ANALYSIS IN ARCHAEOLOGY
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