FEMALE BURIALS FROM MOUND 1 OF THE ZHAIYK-1 BURIAL GROUND IN WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN
Keywords:
Zhaiyk, burial mound, burial Sarmatians, ritual, rite, social status, marker
Abstract
For the first time the article introduces materials of kurgan 1 of the Zhaiyk-1 burial ground excavated in the field season of 2019. The excavations were associated with the planned opening of the museum complex of “Zhaiyk Settlement”. The mound was located at the entrance to the territory of the future open-air museum. As a result of intense anthropogenic impact, the mound was in an emergency condition. The central part of the mound had been demolished by heavy machinery, the western part had also been damaged. The entire surface of the kurgan was torn by burrowing animals. As a result of archaeological research in the mound, surrounded by a circular ditch with a marked entrance from the southern side, 14 burials were examined. To the west of the central grave were burials of women – five complexes, to the east – seven complexes with male graves. The obtained materials are attributed to different times; they were deposited over a period of the 5th –4th to 4th –3rd centuries BC. Within the proposed article, exclusively female burials are discussed, for the better preservation of their materials. Analysis of this and other factors leads to the conclusion about the significant role of women in ancient society.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Metrics
Metrics Loading ...
References
Balabanova M.A. Poza pogrebennyh kak ob’ekt arheologo-etnograficheskih issledovanij (po pogrebal’nym kompleksam pozdnesarmatskogo vremeni) [The Pose of the Buried as an Object of Archaeological and Ethnographic Research (on burial complexes of the late Sarmatian time)]. Pogrebal’nyj obryad rannih kochevnikov Evrazii. Materialy i issledovaniya po arheologii Yuga Rossii [Funeral Rite of the Early Nomads of Eurasia. Materials and Research on Archaeology of the South of Russia]. Rostov-na-Donu : Izdvo YuNC RAN, 2011. Vyp. III. Pp. 23–39.
Bejsenov A.Z., Dzhumabekova G.S. O drevnem rituale porchi predmetov, ispol’zuemyh v obryade pogrebeniya kochevnikov [Ancient Item Spoilage Ritual Used in Nomadic Burial Rite]. Povolzhskaya arheologiya [The Volga River Region Archaeology]. 2017. №2 (20). Pp. 28–46.
Berseneva N.A., Gilmitdinova A.H. Detskie pogrebeniya rannih kochevnikov Yuzhnogo Urala (IV– II vv. do n.e.) [Children’s Burials of the Early Nomads of the Southern Urals (the 4th – 2nd Centuries BC)]. Vestnik arheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography]. 2013. №2 (21). Pp. 36–44.
Berseneva N.A. Zhenskie pogrebeniya s oruzhiem: realii zhizni ili otobrazhenie social’noj identichnosti (po materialam sargatskoj kul’tury) [Women’s Burials with Weapons: the Realities of Life or the Display of Social Identity (based on the materials of the sargat culture)]. Vestnik arheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography]. 2011. №1 (14). Pp. 72–79.
Vdovchenko E.V. «Muzhskoe» i «zhenskoe» v pogrebal’nom obryade i obshhestve sarmatov Podon’ya (po materialam kurgannogo mogil’nika Novyj) [“Male” and “female” in the Funeral Rite and Society of the Sarmatians of Don River Region (based on the materials of the new burial mound)]. Prepodavatel’. XXI vek [Teacher. The 21th Century]. 2013. T. 2. №4. Pp. 287–294.
Gucalov S.Yu. Drevnie kochevniki Yuzhnogo Priural’ya VII–I vv. do n.e. [Ancient Nomads of the Southern Urals 7th – 1st Centuries BC]. Ural’sk : Zapadno-Kazahstanskij centr istorii i arheologii, 2004. 136 p.
Dvornichenko V.V., Malinovskaya N.V., Fedorov-Davydov G.A. Raskopki kurganov v urochishhe Krivaya Luka v 1973 g. [Excavations of Mounds in the Krivaya Luka tract in 1973]. Drevnosti Astrahanskogo kraya [Antiquities of the Astrakhan Region]. M. : Nauka, 1977. 194 p.
Demidenko S.V. Bronzovye kotly drevnih plemen Nizhnego Povolzh’ya i Yuzhnogo Priural’ya (V v. do n.e. – III v. n.e.) [Bronze Cauldrons of Ancient Tribes of the Lower Volga and Southern Cisurals (the 5th Century BC – 3rd Century AD)]. M. : Izd-vo LKI, 2008. 328 p.
Dzhumabekova G.S., Bazarbaeva G.A. O simvolike metallicheskih kotlov v kul’ture kochevnikov [On the Symbolism of Metal Cauldrons in the Culture of Nomads]. Samarskij nauchnyj vestnik [Samara Scientific Bulletin]. 2017. Vol. 6, №2 (19). Pp. 114–117.
Dzigovskij A.N., Ostroverhov A.S. «Strannye kompleksy»: o semantike predmetov i pamyatnikov v celom [“Strange Complexes”: on the Semantics of Objects and Monuments in General]. Stratum plus. 2010. №3. Pp. 145–174.
Kadyrbaev M.K. Kurgannye nekropoli verhov’ev r. Ilek [Kurgan Necropolises of the Upper River Ilek]. Drevnosti Evrazii v skifo-sarmatskoe vremya [Antiquities of Eurasia in the Scythian-Sarmatian time]. M. : Nauka, 1984. Pp. 84–93.
Klepikov V.M. Pogrebeniya IV v. do n.e. i nachalo rannesarmatskoj migracii v Nizhnem Povolzh’e [Burials of the 4th Century BC and the Beginning of Early Sarmatian Migration in the Lower Volga]. Arheologiya Volgo-Ural’skogo regiona v epohu bronzovogo, rannego zheleznogo vekov i srednevekov’ya [Archaeology of the Volga-Ural Region in the Bronze, Early Iron Ages and the Middle Ages]. Volgograd : Izd-vo VolGU, 1999. Pp. 62–101.
Klepikov V.M. Sarmaty Nizhnego Povolzh’ya v IV–III vv. do n.e. [Sarmatians of the Lower Volga Region in the 4th – 3rd centuries BC]. Volgograd : Izd-vo VolGU, 2002. 216 p.
Kurinskih O.I. Vidy pogrebal’nyh konstrukcij v mogil’nikah u s. Pokrovka (savromatskaya i rannesarmatskaya epohi) [Types of Burial Structures in Burial Grounds near the Pokrovk Village. a (Savromat and Early Sarmatian eras)]. Rannie kochevniki Yuzhnogo Priural’ya v svete novejshih arheologicheskih otkrytij [Early Nomads of the Southern Urals in the Light of the Latest Archaeological Discoveries]. Orenburg : OGPU, 2008. Pp. 63–85.
Lukpanova Ya.A. Arheologicheskie issledovaniya sarmatskih pogrebenij iz kurgana 2, mogil’nika Taksaj-2 (predvaritel’noe soobshhenie) [Archaeological Research of Sarmatian Burials from Mound 2, Taksay-2 Burial Ground (preliminary report)]. Problemy arheologii Nizhnego Povolzh’ya [Problems of Archaeology of the Lower Volga Region]. Elista : Kalmyk University, 2016. Pp. 108–117.
Mosheeva O.N. Egipetskij fayans v sarmatskih pogrebeniyah Nizhnego Povolzh’ya [Egyptian Faience in the Sarmatian Burials of the Lower Volga Region]. Nizhnevolzhskij arheologicheskij vestnik [Lower Volga archaeological bulletin]. 2010. Vyp. 11. Pp. 147–169.
Moshkova M.G. Pamyatniki prohorovskoj kul’tury [The Sites Monuments of the Prokhorovskaay Culture]. SAI. Vyp. D1-10. M. : Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1963. 56 p.
Ochir-Goryaeva M.A. Savromatskaya kul’tura Nizhnego Povolzh’ya VI–V vv. do n.e.: avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Savromat Culture of the Lower Volga region of the 6th – 5th centuries BC: Abstract Dis. ... Cand. Hist. Sciences]. L., 1987. 20 p.
Skripkin A.S. Aziatskaya sarmatiya. Problemy hronologii i ee istoricheskij aspect [Asian Sarmatia. Problems of Chronology and its Historical Aspect]. Saratov : izd-vo Sarat. un-ta, 1990. 299 p.
Smirnov K.F. Kuril’nicy i tualetnye sosudiki aziatskoj Sarmatii [Incense Burners and Toilet Vessels of Asian Sarmatia]. Kavkaz i Vostochnaya Evropa v drevnosti [Caucasus and Eastern Europe in Antiquity]. M. : Nauka, 1973. Pp. 166–179.
Smirnov K.F. Sarmaty i utverzhdenie ih politicheskogo gospodstva v Skifii [Sarmatians and the Assertion of their Political Domination in Scythia]. M. : Nauka, 1974. 184 p.
Stepnaya polosa Aziatskoj chasti SSSR v skifo-sarmatskoe vremya [Steppe Zone of the Asian part of the USSR in Scythian-Sarmatian Times]. Ed. M.G. Moshkova. M. : Nauka, 1992. 494 p.
Tairov A.D. O transformacii kul’tury kochevnikov Yuzhnogo Urala v konce V – nachale IV v. do n.e. [About the Transformation of the Culture of Nomads of the Southern Urals at the End of the 5th – Beginning of the 4th century BC]. Nizhnevolzhskij arheologicheskij vestnik [Lower Volga Archaeological Bulletin]. 2009. Vyp. 10. Pp. 137–148.
Hisametdinova F.G. Mifologicheskij slovar’ bashkirskogo yazyka [The Mythological Dictionary of the Bashkir Language]. M. : Nauka, 2010. 452 p.
Bejsenov A.Z., Dzhumabekova G.S. O drevnem rituale porchi predmetov, ispol’zuemyh v obryade pogrebeniya kochevnikov [Ancient Item Spoilage Ritual Used in Nomadic Burial Rite]. Povolzhskaya arheologiya [The Volga River Region Archaeology]. 2017. №2 (20). Pp. 28–46.
Berseneva N.A., Gilmitdinova A.H. Detskie pogrebeniya rannih kochevnikov Yuzhnogo Urala (IV– II vv. do n.e.) [Children’s Burials of the Early Nomads of the Southern Urals (the 4th – 2nd Centuries BC)]. Vestnik arheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography]. 2013. №2 (21). Pp. 36–44.
Berseneva N.A. Zhenskie pogrebeniya s oruzhiem: realii zhizni ili otobrazhenie social’noj identichnosti (po materialam sargatskoj kul’tury) [Women’s Burials with Weapons: the Realities of Life or the Display of Social Identity (based on the materials of the sargat culture)]. Vestnik arheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography]. 2011. №1 (14). Pp. 72–79.
Vdovchenko E.V. «Muzhskoe» i «zhenskoe» v pogrebal’nom obryade i obshhestve sarmatov Podon’ya (po materialam kurgannogo mogil’nika Novyj) [“Male” and “female” in the Funeral Rite and Society of the Sarmatians of Don River Region (based on the materials of the new burial mound)]. Prepodavatel’. XXI vek [Teacher. The 21th Century]. 2013. T. 2. №4. Pp. 287–294.
Gucalov S.Yu. Drevnie kochevniki Yuzhnogo Priural’ya VII–I vv. do n.e. [Ancient Nomads of the Southern Urals 7th – 1st Centuries BC]. Ural’sk : Zapadno-Kazahstanskij centr istorii i arheologii, 2004. 136 p.
Dvornichenko V.V., Malinovskaya N.V., Fedorov-Davydov G.A. Raskopki kurganov v urochishhe Krivaya Luka v 1973 g. [Excavations of Mounds in the Krivaya Luka tract in 1973]. Drevnosti Astrahanskogo kraya [Antiquities of the Astrakhan Region]. M. : Nauka, 1977. 194 p.
Demidenko S.V. Bronzovye kotly drevnih plemen Nizhnego Povolzh’ya i Yuzhnogo Priural’ya (V v. do n.e. – III v. n.e.) [Bronze Cauldrons of Ancient Tribes of the Lower Volga and Southern Cisurals (the 5th Century BC – 3rd Century AD)]. M. : Izd-vo LKI, 2008. 328 p.
Dzhumabekova G.S., Bazarbaeva G.A. O simvolike metallicheskih kotlov v kul’ture kochevnikov [On the Symbolism of Metal Cauldrons in the Culture of Nomads]. Samarskij nauchnyj vestnik [Samara Scientific Bulletin]. 2017. Vol. 6, №2 (19). Pp. 114–117.
Dzigovskij A.N., Ostroverhov A.S. «Strannye kompleksy»: o semantike predmetov i pamyatnikov v celom [“Strange Complexes”: on the Semantics of Objects and Monuments in General]. Stratum plus. 2010. №3. Pp. 145–174.
Kadyrbaev M.K. Kurgannye nekropoli verhov’ev r. Ilek [Kurgan Necropolises of the Upper River Ilek]. Drevnosti Evrazii v skifo-sarmatskoe vremya [Antiquities of Eurasia in the Scythian-Sarmatian time]. M. : Nauka, 1984. Pp. 84–93.
Klepikov V.M. Pogrebeniya IV v. do n.e. i nachalo rannesarmatskoj migracii v Nizhnem Povolzh’e [Burials of the 4th Century BC and the Beginning of Early Sarmatian Migration in the Lower Volga]. Arheologiya Volgo-Ural’skogo regiona v epohu bronzovogo, rannego zheleznogo vekov i srednevekov’ya [Archaeology of the Volga-Ural Region in the Bronze, Early Iron Ages and the Middle Ages]. Volgograd : Izd-vo VolGU, 1999. Pp. 62–101.
Klepikov V.M. Sarmaty Nizhnego Povolzh’ya v IV–III vv. do n.e. [Sarmatians of the Lower Volga Region in the 4th – 3rd centuries BC]. Volgograd : Izd-vo VolGU, 2002. 216 p.
Kurinskih O.I. Vidy pogrebal’nyh konstrukcij v mogil’nikah u s. Pokrovka (savromatskaya i rannesarmatskaya epohi) [Types of Burial Structures in Burial Grounds near the Pokrovk Village. a (Savromat and Early Sarmatian eras)]. Rannie kochevniki Yuzhnogo Priural’ya v svete novejshih arheologicheskih otkrytij [Early Nomads of the Southern Urals in the Light of the Latest Archaeological Discoveries]. Orenburg : OGPU, 2008. Pp. 63–85.
Lukpanova Ya.A. Arheologicheskie issledovaniya sarmatskih pogrebenij iz kurgana 2, mogil’nika Taksaj-2 (predvaritel’noe soobshhenie) [Archaeological Research of Sarmatian Burials from Mound 2, Taksay-2 Burial Ground (preliminary report)]. Problemy arheologii Nizhnego Povolzh’ya [Problems of Archaeology of the Lower Volga Region]. Elista : Kalmyk University, 2016. Pp. 108–117.
Mosheeva O.N. Egipetskij fayans v sarmatskih pogrebeniyah Nizhnego Povolzh’ya [Egyptian Faience in the Sarmatian Burials of the Lower Volga Region]. Nizhnevolzhskij arheologicheskij vestnik [Lower Volga archaeological bulletin]. 2010. Vyp. 11. Pp. 147–169.
Moshkova M.G. Pamyatniki prohorovskoj kul’tury [The Sites Monuments of the Prokhorovskaay Culture]. SAI. Vyp. D1-10. M. : Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1963. 56 p.
Ochir-Goryaeva M.A. Savromatskaya kul’tura Nizhnego Povolzh’ya VI–V vv. do n.e.: avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Savromat Culture of the Lower Volga region of the 6th – 5th centuries BC: Abstract Dis. ... Cand. Hist. Sciences]. L., 1987. 20 p.
Skripkin A.S. Aziatskaya sarmatiya. Problemy hronologii i ee istoricheskij aspect [Asian Sarmatia. Problems of Chronology and its Historical Aspect]. Saratov : izd-vo Sarat. un-ta, 1990. 299 p.
Smirnov K.F. Kuril’nicy i tualetnye sosudiki aziatskoj Sarmatii [Incense Burners and Toilet Vessels of Asian Sarmatia]. Kavkaz i Vostochnaya Evropa v drevnosti [Caucasus and Eastern Europe in Antiquity]. M. : Nauka, 1973. Pp. 166–179.
Smirnov K.F. Sarmaty i utverzhdenie ih politicheskogo gospodstva v Skifii [Sarmatians and the Assertion of their Political Domination in Scythia]. M. : Nauka, 1974. 184 p.
Stepnaya polosa Aziatskoj chasti SSSR v skifo-sarmatskoe vremya [Steppe Zone of the Asian part of the USSR in Scythian-Sarmatian Times]. Ed. M.G. Moshkova. M. : Nauka, 1992. 494 p.
Tairov A.D. O transformacii kul’tury kochevnikov Yuzhnogo Urala v konce V – nachale IV v. do n.e. [About the Transformation of the Culture of Nomads of the Southern Urals at the End of the 5th – Beginning of the 4th century BC]. Nizhnevolzhskij arheologicheskij vestnik [Lower Volga Archaeological Bulletin]. 2009. Vyp. 10. Pp. 137–148.
Hisametdinova F.G. Mifologicheskij slovar’ bashkirskogo yazyka [The Mythological Dictionary of the Bashkir Language]. M. : Nauka, 2010. 452 p.
Published
2020-06-22
How to Cite
Lukpanova Y. FEMALE BURIALS FROM MOUND 1 OF THE ZHAIYK-1 BURIAL GROUND IN WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN // THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 2020. Vol. 30, № 2. P. 111-127 DOI: 10.14258/tpai(2020)2(30).-08. URL: http://journal.asu.ru/tpai/article/view/%2830%29.-08.
Issue
Section
FOREIGN ARCHAEOLOGY
Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research is a golden publisher, as we allow self-archiving, but most importantly we are fully transparent about your rights.
Authors may present and discuss their findings ahead of publication: at biological or scientific conferences, on preprint servers, in public databases, and in blogs, wikis, tweets, and other informal communication channels.
Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research allows authors to deposit manuscripts (currently under review or those for intended submission to ABS) in non-commercial, pre-print servers such as ArXiv.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
2.jpg)
