BRONZE SICKLES WITH A HOOK FROM THE KULUNDINSKAYA STEPPE: COMPLEX CHARACTERIZATION AND X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS
Keywords:
Kulundin steppe, late Bronze age, settlement, random find, bronze sickle, Sargarinsko-Alekseevskaya culture, x-ray fluorescence analysis
Abstract
A series of entire bronze sickles and fragments from such tools has been found in the Kulunda steppe and in the territory closest to it. These items are important markers for the reconstruction of the life support system during the late Bronze Age. New publications of such products expand the source base for objective interpretations of finds. The article presents two metal sickles found in the Altai territory (Russia). One of them was found at the settlement of Burla-III in the Khabarsky district, and the second is stored in the Romanovsky Museum of Local Lore and is an accidental find. The large and massive objects with a curved butt, a straight blade and a hook on the heel, belong to the Derbedenev type of bronze sickles. Well-known artifacts of this kind come from the steppe part of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve and are associated with the sites of the Sargarinsko-Alexeyevskaya culture and the Burlinskaya cultural tradition. They could be used for reaping crops and/or for forage (hay) for livestock. New data on the presence of millet in the diet of late bronze age societies of the Upper Ob region make it possible to provide additional arguments in favor of confirming the agricultural orientation of the use of Derbedenev type sickles.
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References
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Chernikov S.S. Vostochnyj Kazahstan v epohu bronzy [Eastern Kazakhstan in the Bronze Age]. M. ; L. : Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1960. 272 p. (MIA; №88).
Agapov S.A., Degtyareva A.D., Kuz’minyh S.V. Metalloproizvodstvo vostochnoj zony obshchnosti kul’tur valikovoj keramiki Metal Production of the Eastern Zone of the Culture of Roller Ceramics]. Vestnik arheologii, antropologii i etnografii [[Bulletin of Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography]. 2012. №3 (18). Pp. 44–59.
Boroffka N., Mantu-Lazarovich K.-M. Zimovka stepnyh skotovodov i dva ural’skih bronzovyh serpa iz Pojenesht’ (Rumyniya) [Wintering of Steppe Herdsmen and Two Ural Bronze Grass Hooks from Poyenesht (Romania)]. Rossijskij arheologicheskij ezhegodnik [Russian Archaeological Annual]. 2012. №2. Pp. 172–193.
Bochkarev V.S. Karpato-Dunajskij i Volgo-Ural’skij ochagi kul’turogeneza epohi bronzy (opyt sravnitel’noj harakteristiki) [[Carpatian, Danube and Volga-Ural Foci of Culturogenesis of the Bronze Age (experience of comparative characteristics)]. Konvergenciya i divergenciya v razvitii kul’tur epohi eneolita–bronzy Srednej i Vostochnoj Evropy [Convergence and Divergence in the Development of the Culture of the Eneolithic Epoch – Bronze Ages of Central and Eastern Europe]. SPb. : IIMK, 1995. Part I. Pp. 18–29.
Bochkarev V.S. K voprosu ob ispol’zovanii metallicheskih serpov i serpovidnyh orudij v stepnyh (skotovodcheskih) kul’turah epohi pozdnej bronzy Vostochnoj Evropy [On the Question of the Use of Metal Hooks and Hool Type Tools in the Steppe (pastoral) Cultures of the Late Bronze Age of Eastern Europe]. Rossijskij arheologicheskij ezhegodnik [Russian Archaeological Annual]. 2012. №2. Pp. 194–214.
Grishin Yu.S. Metallicheskie izdeliya Sibiri epohi eneolita i bronzy. [Metallic Products of Siberia, Eneolithic and Bronze Ages]. M. : Nauka, 1971. 110 p. (SAI; Issue V 3-12).
Grushin S.P., Papin D.V., Pozdnyakova O.A., Tyurina E.A., Fedoruk A.S., Havrin S.V. Altaj v sisteme metallurgicheskih provincij eneolita i bronzovogo veka [Altai in the System of Metallurgical Provinces of the Eneolithic and Bronze Ages]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2009. 160 p.
Demin M.A., Sitnikov S.M. Nekotorye rezul’taty arheologicheskih raskopok poseleniya Chekanovskij Log-1 [Some Results of Archeological Excavations of Chekanovsky Log-1].Voprosy arheologii i istorii Yuzhnoj Sibiri [Questions of Archaeology and History of Southern Siberia]. Barnaul : BGPU, 1999. Pp. 25–37.
Dergachev V.A., Bochkarev V.S. Metallicheskie serpy pozdnej bronzy Vostochnoj Evrop[Metallic Grass Hooks of the Late Bronze of Eastern Europe]. Kishinev : Vysshaya antropologicheskaya shkola, 2002. 348 p.
Kiryushin Yu.F., Papin D.V., Rednikov A.A., Fedoruk A.S., Frolov Ya.V. Predvaritel’nye itogi polevogo izucheniya poseleniya Burla-III [[Preliminary Results of the Field Research of the Burla-III Settlement]. Problemy arheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredel’nyh territorij [The Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Adjacent Territories]. 2014. Vol. XX. Pp. 180–183.
Klyukin G.A. Sluchajnye nahodki iz Alejskih stepej [Random Finds from the Alei steppes]. Ohrana i izuchenie kul’turnogo naslediya Altaya [Protection and Study of Altai Cultural Heritage]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 1993. Part 1. Pp. 136–140.
Kuz’mina E.E. Metallicheskie izdeliya eneolita i bronzovogo veka Srednej Azii [Metallurgical Products of the Eneolithic and Bronze Ages of Central Asia]. M. : Nauka, 1966. 150 p. (SAI; Issue V4-9).
Kuz’minyh S.V. Metalloobrabotka srubnyh plemen Zakam’ya [Metallurgy of the Zakamye Tribe]. Ob istoricheskih pamyatnikah po dolinam Kamy i Beloj [About Historical Sites in the Valleys of the Kama and Belaya Rivers]. Kazan’ : In-t yazyka, literatury i istorii, 1981. Pp. 41–70.
Mogil’nikov V.A. Poselenie Gilevo-I [The Gilevo-I Settlement].Sohranenie i izuchenie pamyatnikov arheologii Altajskogo kraya [Preservation and Study of Archaeological Sites of the Altai Krai]. Barnaul : [B.i.], 1995. Issue V, Part 2. Pp. 78–84.
Papin D.V., Durakov I.A., Fedoruk A.S. Metalloobrabotka bronzovyh izdelij na poselenii epohi pozdnej bronzy Rublyovo-VI [Metalworking of Bronze Products in the Rublevo-VI Settlement of the Late Bronze Age of]. Altaj v sisteme Evrazijskoj metallurgicheskoj provincii bronzovogo veka [Altai in the System of the Eurasian Metallurgical Province of the Bronze Age]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2006. Pp. 107–116.
Papin D.V., Svyatko S.V. Problema poyavleniya zemledeliya na Verhnej Obi po dannym arheologii i izotopnogo analiza [The problem of the Appearance of Land on the Upper Ob on the Data from Archaeology and Isotope Analysis]. Teoriya i praktika arheologicheskih issledovanij [Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research]. 2018. №4 (24). Pp. 20–25. DOI: 10.14258/tpai(2018)4(24).-02
Sitnikov S.M. Kul’tura sargarinsko-alekseevskogo naseleniya lesostepnogo i stepnogo Altaya [The Culture of the Sargarinsky-Alekseevsky Population of the Forest-Steppe and Steppe Altai]. Barnaul : AltGPU, 2015. 254 p.
Tishkin A.A., Frolov Ya.V. Metallicheskie orudiya truda epohi bronzy iz arheologicheskogo sobraniya MKUK «Rajonnyj istoriko-kraevedcheskij muzejim. V.M. Komarova» (s. Volchiha, Altajskij kraj) [Metallic Artifacts of the Bronze Age from the Archaeological Collections of the MKUK “Regional Historical and В.М. Komarov Local Lore Museum” (village of Volchikha, Altai Krai)]. Teoriya i praktika arheologicheskih issledovanij [Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research]. 2015a. №2 (12). S. 171–180. DOI: 10.14258/tpai(2015)2(12).-12
Tishkin A.A., Frolov Ya.V. Proushnye metallicheskie topory Ob’-Irtyshskogo mezhdurech’ya: tendencii izmenenij form v konce epohi bronzy i nachale rannego zheleznogo veka [Proushnye Metal Axes of the Ob-Irtysh Interfluve: the Tendency of Form Changes at the End of the Bronze Age and the Beginning of the Early Iron Age]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Istoriya [Bulletin of Tomsk State University. History]. 2016. №4 (42). Pp. 124–128. DOI: 10.17223/19988613/42/22
Tishkin A.A., Frolov Ya.V. Rentgenofluorescentnyj analiz nakonechnikov strel iz arheologicheskogo sobraniya MKUK «Rajonnyj istoriko-kraevedcheskij muzej im. V.M. Komarova» (s. Volchiha, Altajskij kraj) [X-ray Fluorescent Analysis of Arrowheads from the Archeological Collection of MKUK В.М. Komarov Regional Historical and Local Lore Museum (village of Volchikha, Altai Krai)]. Arheologiya Zapadnoj Sibiri i Altaya: opyt mezhdisciplinarnyh issledovanij [Archaeology of Western Siberia and Altai: Interdisciplinary Experience]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2015b. Pp. 144–147.
Tishkin A.A., Frolov Ya.V. Topory epohi bronzy s territorii lesostepnogo Altaya [Bronze Age Axes from the Territory of the Altai Steppe]. Arheologiya, etnografiya i antropologiya Evrazii [Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia]. 2017. Vol. 45, №2. Pp. 87–96. DOI: 10.17746/1563-0102.2017.45.2.087-096
Udodov V.S. Epoha razvitoj i pozdnej bronzy Kulundy : avtoref. dis. ... kand. ist. Nauk [The Epoch of the Development and Late Bronze in Kulunda: Synoopsis of the Dis. ... Cand. Hist. Sciences]. Barnaul : AGU, 1994. 21 p.
Fedoruk A.S., Slyusarenko I.Yu., Frolov Ya.V., Papin D.V. Sluchajnye nahodki bronzovyh predmetov iz zapadnyh rajonov Altajskogo kraya [Random Finds of Bronze Objects from the Western Regions of the Altai Krai]. Sohranenie i izuchenie kul’turnogo naslediya Altajskogo kraya [Preservation and Study of Cultural Heritage of the Altai Krai]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2015. Issue XXI. Pp. 203–210.
Chernikov S.S. Vostochnyj Kazahstan v epohu bronzy [Eastern Kazakhstan in the Bronze Age]. M. ; L. : Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1960. 272 p. (MIA; №88).
Published
2020-09-02
How to Cite
Frolov Y., Tishkin A., Papin D., Udodov V. BRONZE SICKLES WITH A HOOK FROM THE KULUNDINSKAYA STEPPE: COMPLEX CHARACTERIZATION AND X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS // THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 2020. Vol. 31, № 3. P. 172-180 DOI: 10.14258/tpai(2020)3(31).-13. URL: http://journal.asu.ru/tpai/article/view/%2831%29.-13.
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SCIENTIFIC METHODS IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH
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