ARCHAEOLOGICAL JUBILEE: ON THE OCCASION OF THE CENTENARY OF BIRTH OF BETTY MEGGERS (1921–2012)
Keywords:
South America, Brazil, Ecuador, Amazonia, biography, research history
Abstract
This article is related to the 100<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the birth of the world famous North American archaeologist Betty Jane Meggers (1921-2012), who made an invaluable contribution to the study of archaeological antiquities in Ecuador, Brazil, Venezuela, Chile, Peru, etc. Her long list of achievements includes the creation of a chronological chart for the archaeological cultures of the coastal part of Ecuador (in collaboration with Clifford Evans), remaining relevant today. Also, the name of B. J. Meggers is often mentioned in the context of the debatable hypothesis “Jomon-Valdivia” which was made at the very beginning of the 1960s. It is focused on the possibility of transoceanic contacts between the population of the Japanese archipelago and the inhabitants of the Pacific coast of South America 5500-6000 years ago. This was preceded by a significant period of B. Meggers’ work in the Amazon (1947-1954). A brief outline of the first half of life and career of the North American researcher allows us to trace the main stages of transformations of her scientific interests.
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References
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Meggers B.J. Emilio Estrada 1916–1961. American Antiquity. 1962. V. 28, N. 1. Pp. 78–82. (In Eng.)
Meggers B.J. La Ceramic Mas Temprana en América del Sur: Invencion independente o diffusion. Revista de Arqueologia Americana [The Earliest Ceramic in South America: Independent Invention or Diffusion]. Journal of American Archeology. 1997. N13. Pp. 7–40. (In Span.)
Meggers B.J., Evans C. Archaeological Investigations at the Mouth of the Amazon. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin. 1957. V. 167. Pp. 1–664. (In Eng.)
Munita C. S., Neves E.G., Demartini C.C., Toyota R.G., Oliveira P.M. S. Chemical Characterization of Marajoara Pottery by INAA. Conference: 36th International Symposium on Archaeometry. 2006. V. 1. P.p 1–16. (In Eng.)
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Popson C.P. First Lady of Amazonia. Archaeology. 2003. V. 56. N. 3. Pp. 26. (In Eng.)
Rouse I. Review of Archaeological Investigations in British Guiana by Clifford Evans Jr., and Betty J. Meggers. American Anthropologist. 1961. V. 63. Pp. 863–865. (In Eng.)
Schaan D.P., Martins C.P., Mendes Portal V.L. Patrimônio Arqueológico do Marajó Dos Campos. Muito além dos campos. Arqueologia e história na Amazônia Marajoara [Archaeological Heritage of 204 Marajó Dos Campos] // [Far Beyond the Fields. Archeology and History in the Amazon Marajoara]. 2010. V. 1. Pp. 71–86. (In Span.)
Strong W. D., Evans C. Cultural Stratigraphy in Viru Valley, Northern Peru. Washington D.C.: Columbia University Press, 1952. 420 p. (In Eng.)
Willey G.R., Phillips P. Method and Theory in American Archaeology. II: Historical-Developmental Interpretation. American Anthropologist. 1955. Vol. 57. Pp. 723–819. (In Eng.)
Tabarev A.V. Formativnyj period v arheologii Ekvadora: anatomiya termina i voprosy prakticheskogo primeneniya [Formative Period in the Archaeology of Ecuador: Anatomy of the Term and Questions of Practical Application]. Teoriya i praktika arheologicheskih issledovanij [Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research]. 2016. №1 (13) Pp. 111–126. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.14258/tpai(2016)1(13).-08
Tabarev A. V., Popov A. N., Lazin B. V., Gavrilina T.A. Pervaya rossijskaya arheologicheskaya ekspediciya v Yuzhnoj Amerike: predvaritel’nye rezul’taty raskopok v Ekvadore v 2014–2015, 2017 gg. [The First Russian Archaeological Expedition in South America: Preliminary Results of Excavations in Ecuador in 2014–2015, 2017]. Gumanitarnye issledovaniya v Vostochnoj Sibiri i na Dal’nem Vostoke [Humanitarian Research in Eastern Siberia and the Far East]. 2018. № 4 (46). Pp. 5–13. (In Russ.)
Barnes M. Betty Jane Meggers (December 5, 1921 — July 2, 2012) // Andean Past. 2013. V. 11. Pp. 1–37 (In Eng.)
Bruhns K. A Series of Unfortunate Events, or the Best Intentions Thwarted: A Brief History of Archaeological Time in the Northern Andes. Ňawpa Pacha: Journal of Andean Archaeology. 2008. №29. Pp. 179–190. (In Eng.)
Costa E.M. Pode uma arqueologia das mulheres? Gênero e pesquisa arqueológica no Marajó, Pará [Archaeology of Women? Gender and Archaeological Research in Marajó, Pará]. Revista Brasileira de História & Ciências Sociais [Brazilian Journal of History & Social Sciences]. 2020. V. 12. N. 24. Pp. 344–370. (In Port.)
Echeverría A.J. Betty Jane Meggers. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1996. 156 p.
Estrada E. Valdivia, un sitio arqueológico formativo de la Costa de la Provincia del Guayas. Guayaquil: Museo Víctor Emilio Estrada, 1956 [Valdivia, a Formative Archaeological Site on the Coast of the Guayas Province. Guayaquil: Victor Emilio Estrada Museum, 1956]. 11 p.
Estrada E. Las Culturas Preclásicas, Formativas o Arcaica del Ecuador [The Preclassic, Formative or Archaic Cultures of Ecuador]. Guayaquil: Museo Estrada, 1958. 113 p.
Estrada E., Meggers B.J., Evans C. The Jambelí Culture of South Coastal Ecuador. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum. 1964. V. 11. N3492. Pp. 483–558.
Evans C., Meggers B.J. Informe preliminar sobre las investigaciones arqueológicas realizadas en la cuenca del Guayas, Ecuador [Preliminary Report on the Archaeological Investigations Carried out in the Guayas Basin, Ecuador]. Cuadernos de Historia y Arqueología [History and Archaeology Notebooks]. 1955. V. 4. N. 12. Pp. 1–12.
Evans C., Meggers B.J. Formative Period Cultures in the Guayas Basin, Coastal Ecuador. American Antiquity. 1957а. V. 22. N3. Pp. 235–247. (In Eng.)
Evans C., Meggers B.J. Archaeological Research in Eastern Ecuador: Report to the Committee on Research Grant No.2012 (1956). American Philosophical Society Yearbook. 1957b. Pp. 376–377. (In Eng.)
Evans C., Meggers B. Valdivia — an Early Formative Culture of Ecuador. Archaeology. 1958. V. 11 (3). P. 175–182. (In Eng.)
Evans C., Meggers B. Archeological Investigations in British Guiana, South America. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin. 1960. V. 177. Pp. 1–418. (In Eng.)
Evans C., Meggers B. Archaeological Investigations on the Rio Napo, Eastern Ecuador. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology. 1968. V. 6. Pp. 1–127. (In Eng.)
Evans C., Meggers B.J., Estrada E. Cultura Valdivia. Guayaquil: Museo Estrada, 1959. 128 p. (In Eng.)
Fowler D.D., Beek G.W., Sanoja M. Clifford Evans, 1920–1981. American Antiquity. 1982. V. 47, N. 3. Pp. 545–556. (In Eng.)
Kanomata Y., Marcos J., Popov A., Lazin B., Tabarev A. New Data on Early Pottery Traditions in South America: the San Pedro complex, Ecuador. Antiquity. June 2019. V. 3. Issue. 369. e 17. Pp. 1–6. (In Eng.)
Meggers B.J. Preliminary Results of Archeological Investigations in British Guiana (Abstract) // Anais do 31Congresso Internacional de Americanistas. São Paulo: Editora Anhembi, 1955. Vol. 2. Pp. 761–762. (In Eng.)
Meggers B.J. Emilio Estrada 1916–1961. American Antiquity. 1962. V. 28, N. 1. Pp. 78–82. (In Eng.)
Meggers B.J. La Ceramic Mas Temprana en América del Sur: Invencion independente o diffusion. Revista de Arqueologia Americana [The Earliest Ceramic in South America: Independent Invention or Diffusion]. Journal of American Archeology. 1997. N13. Pp. 7–40. (In Span.)
Meggers B.J., Evans C. Archaeological Investigations at the Mouth of the Amazon. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin. 1957. V. 167. Pp. 1–664. (In Eng.)
Munita C. S., Neves E.G., Demartini C.C., Toyota R.G., Oliveira P.M. S. Chemical Characterization of Marajoara Pottery by INAA. Conference: 36th International Symposium on Archaeometry. 2006. V. 1. P.p 1–16. (In Eng.)
Núñez L., Sandoval A., Standen V.G., Santoro C.M. Betty J. Meggers y su Trascendental Dedicación Hemisférica a la Arqueología Latinoamericana [Meggers and his Transcendental Hemispheric Dedication to Latin American Archaeology]. Chungara Revista de Antropología Chilena [Chungara Journal of Chilean Anthropology]. 2013. V. 45. Pp 505–515. (In Span.)
Popson C.P. First Lady of Amazonia. Archaeology. 2003. V. 56. N. 3. Pp. 26. (In Eng.)
Rouse I. Review of Archaeological Investigations in British Guiana by Clifford Evans Jr., and Betty J. Meggers. American Anthropologist. 1961. V. 63. Pp. 863–865. (In Eng.)
Schaan D.P., Martins C.P., Mendes Portal V.L. Patrimônio Arqueológico do Marajó Dos Campos. Muito além dos campos. Arqueologia e história na Amazônia Marajoara [Archaeological Heritage of 204 Marajó Dos Campos] // [Far Beyond the Fields. Archeology and History in the Amazon Marajoara]. 2010. V. 1. Pp. 71–86. (In Span.)
Strong W. D., Evans C. Cultural Stratigraphy in Viru Valley, Northern Peru. Washington D.C.: Columbia University Press, 1952. 420 p. (In Eng.)
Willey G.R., Phillips P. Method and Theory in American Archaeology. II: Historical-Developmental Interpretation. American Anthropologist. 1955. Vol. 57. Pp. 723–819. (In Eng.)
Published
2021-03-29
How to Cite
Gavrilina T. A., Tabarev A. V. ARCHAEOLOGICAL JUBILEE: ON THE OCCASION OF THE CENTENARY OF BIRTH OF BETTY MEGGERS (1921–2012) // THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 2021. Vol. 33, № 1. P. 189-204 DOI: 10.14258/tpai(2021)1(33).-12. URL: http://journal.asu.ru/tpai/article/view/9404.
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